Macromolecules

A polypeptide chain is a type of macromolecule known as a protein. Proteins are made up of one or more long chains of amino acids, which are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptides. These polypeptides then fold into specific 3D shapes to carry out various biological functions.

The three organic macromolecules often utilized to make ATP by cellular respiration are carbohydrates (like glucose), fats (fatty acids), and proteins (amino acids). These macromolecules are broken down through various metabolic pathways to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Transporting other molecules in the body.

Carbohydrates, for example polysaccharides, like cellulose in cell walls Proteins, made from aminoacids, constituents of hormones and enzymes Polynucleotides, constituents of DNA and RNA which are nucleic acids Lipids, composed of fatty acids and glycerol

Many enzymes consist of a protein and a non-protein (called the cofactor). The proteins in enzymes are usually globular. They have tertiary structure and this type of globular protein includes immunoglobins, as well. The structures are held in place by hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges and ionic bonds.

No, DNA polymerase cannot unwind DNA. DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a template DNA strand. The unwinding of DNA is typically performed by DNA helicase enzymes.

Covalent bonds hold biological macromolecules together. These bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, providing stability to the molecules.

Saliva contains water, electrolytes, mucus, enzymes (such as amylase for breaking down carbohydrates), and antibacterial compounds. These macromolecules help with digestion, lubrication, and protection within the oral cavity.

The fertility factor is comprised of DNA, which is a type of cellular macromolecule. It contains the genes that are responsible for conferring fertility, including the ability to transfer genetic material during conjugation in bacteria.

Lugol's reagent detects the presence of starch, which is a polysaccharide macromolecule made up of glucose units. The reagent turns blue-black in the presence of starch.

Hydrolysis is the general type of reaction used to break macromolecules down. In hydrolysis, a water molecule is used to break chemical bonds within the macromolecule, helping to break it into smaller components.

A lipid profile typically includes measurements of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. A lipid panel may refer to the same tests or can include additional measurements like VLDL cholesterol or lipid particle size. Essentially, a lipid profile is a subset of what might be included in a more comprehensive lipid panel.

Sections that are unique to each person. - APEX

DNA and the proteins associated with it are collectively referred to as chromatin. The DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which further condense into chromatin fibers. These chromatin structures help regulate access to the DNA during processes such as gene expression and replication.

No, carbon dioxide is not an organic macromolecule. It is a simple inorganic molecule composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Organic macromolecules are large molecules made of carbon atoms bonded together in complex structures, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

A lipid is a diverse group of organic molecules that are insoluble in water. One key component of lipids is fatty acids, which are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end. Lipids play essential roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure.

You inherit your DNA from both of your biological parents. Half of your DNA comes from your mother, and the other half comes from your father. This genetic material combines to determine your unique characteristics and traits.

The smallest unit is the carbon atom, followed by the monomer, which is a single repeating unit of a polymer. The macromolecule is the largest structure, made up of multiple monomers linked together to form a polymer chain.

PCR

The main organelles involved in the manufacture of macromolecules are the ribosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, while the endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth) assists in the synthesis and folding of proteins and lipids.

1. Lipids - including phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids, which form the basic structural foundation of the cell membrane.
2. Proteins - serve various functions such as transport, cell signaling, and cell recognition.
3. Carbohydrates - usually found attached to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids) on the outer surface of the membrane, playing a role in cell recognition and communication.

Fats are made up of molecules called lipids, which include triglycerides and cholesterol. Lipids are a type of macromolecule that are insoluble in water and serve as a major source of energy storage in the body.

The basic subunit for carbohydrates is a monosaccharide, which is a single sugar molecule. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. These monosaccharides can combine to form larger carbohydrates such as disaccharides (two sugar molecules) and polysaccharides (multiple sugar molecules).

A cofactor refers to a macromolecule that attaches to an enzyme to assist in catalysis. This can be a metal ion or a coenzyme.