Macromolecules

Noncoding DNA, also known as junk DNA, does not code for proteins but can contain unique variations that are specific to individuals. By analyzing these variations in noncoding DNA regions, forensic scientists can create a DNA profile for identification purposes, as these variations are highly specific to each person. This can be particularly useful in cases where coding DNA is not available or is not as informative for identification.

Amino acids join together with peptide bonds to create long chains called polypeptides. These polypeptides are then assembled into a protein. Amino acids make proteins.

Lipids, such as fats and oils, are macromolecules that store energy efficiently in living organisms. They contain long hydrocarbon chains that can be broken down through metabolic processes to release energy for cellular activities.

Lipids are broken down by the enzyme Lipase.

The method by which large particles and macromolecules enter the cell by an infolding of the plasma membrane is called endocytosis. This process involves the formation of vesicles that engulf the molecules and bring them into the cell. Endocytosis includes phagocytosis for solid particles and pinocytosis for liquid molecules.

All four macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) have carbon atoms as a common element. Carbon atoms are the backbone of organic molecules because of their ability to form versatile and stable bonds with a variety of other elements.

• Carbohydrates = monosaccharides
• Proteins = amino acids
• Lipids = triglyceride
• Nucleic Acids = nucleotides

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) contains your genetic information. It is a type of organic macromolecule known as a nucleic acid, made up of nucleotides containing a sugar phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases.

You can create a table with columns for each macromolecule (carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins) and rows for components and functions. Under each macromolecule, list components (e.g. monomers, building blocks) and functions (e.g. energy storage, cell structure, information storage). This will visually organize and compare the key components and functions of each macromolecule.

No proteins contain uracils as nucleotides are not part of the proteins. Uracils present in RNA(but not DNA). Uracil can pair with Adenine with a double hydrogen bond.

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Condensation reactions result in the formation of all macromolecules. In condensation reactions, two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, with the elimination of a smaller molecule such as water. This process is commonly observed in the polymerization of macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

Nucleic acids are a family of macromolecules that require two different types of building blocks: nucleotides, which consist of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.

DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the macromolecule that contains deoxyribose in its structure. Deoxyribose is a sugar molecule that forms the backbone of the DNA double helix.

DNA and RNA are made up of nucleic acids.

Making muscle tissue

No, an oxygen atom is O but oxygen exists as a molecule O2. A macromolecule is a large one. An example of a macromolecule would be DNA or a protein or a polymer. Oxygen does not fit this category.

Barbara spent years of research and after a very careful study of many generation. In 1944 McClintock recognized Jumping of DNA, which refer to unstable of DNA to move around between the chromosomes. But for many years her theory was disregarded.

In 1983, the theory of jumping DNA or which is known today "Transposable" was confirmed. In 1983 McClintock was awarded The Nobel Prize in Genetics for the discovery of genetic transposition.

Glycerol is a small organic molecule that belongs to the family of alcohols. It is not a macromolecule but rather a component of lipids, such as triglycerides, where it acts as a backbone for fatty acids to attach to.

The macromolecules found in pasta are mostly starch, but there are small amounts of proteins and lipids as well.

Peptide bonds are primarily found in proteins, which are polymers made up of amino acids. Peptide bonds form between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid during protein synthesis.

Nucleic Acid

The process is called dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction. It involves the removal of a water molecule to link monomers together to form a larger macromolecule.

Nitrogen is found in nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, as well as in some amino acids that make up proteins. Phosphates are commonly found in nucleic acids as part of the sugar-phosphate backbone, and also in ATP which is a molecule used for energy storage in cells.