Similarities Between

First, the common features. Mexico and the United States are North American nations, bordering each other. Both are also commercial and business partners as part of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and have a rather long and complex history, including conflicts such as the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), as well as diplomatic and military cooperation, like the economic and material support that Mexico provided for the Allies during World War II (1939-1945). The population of the Southwestern United States has more affinity with Mexico, since several states like California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas used to belong to Mexico, and the population of these states has a great percentage of Mexican-Americans.

Now, on the differences. Mexico is a Latin American nation with a large Spanish-speaking, Roman Catholic population (Roman Catholic: 88%, Protestant: 5.2%) while the U.S. is an Anglo American country with a majority of English-speaking population and a dominance of Protestantism (Protestant: 52%, Roman Catholic 24%). The racial make up of Mexico is predominantly of mestizo (60%) and Amerindian people (30%) while Americans are predominantly European (52%) and on a lesser degree, African (13%), Asian (5%), and Hispanic people of many ethnicities (15%) of which the majority, have Mexican ancestry. Both the U.S. and Mexico are federal presidential representative republics; Mexico has 31 independent states and one federal district while the U.S. has 50 states and one such federal district. Finally, the United States has the second largest economy in the world behind China, while Mexico is an emerging market ranking at the 11th position.

Finally, some statistics (2016 est.):
Population:

• Mexico: 123,166,749
  
• United States: 323,995,528
  

• Mexico: 1,964,375 sq km (758,449 sq mi)
  
• United States: 9,826,675 sq km (3,794,101 sq mi)
  

• Mexico: US$2.31 trillion (ranked 11th)
  
• United States: US$18.56 trillion (ranked 2nd)
  

• Mexico: US$18,900
  
• United States: US$57,300
  

• Mexico: 28 years
  
• United States: 37.9 years

Among what Italy and the Americas have in common are ancientmountains of cultural significance, cities of international importance, coastal economies, Italian food, people of Italian heritage, and Roman Catholicism. As an example, Italy is home to part of the Alps and to the Apennines. Latin America has the Andes Mountains. The United States of America boasts the Rockies.

For example, Italy has Rome. Latin America has Buenos Aires, Argentina, as a city of Italian immigrants and of world import. The United States has New York City.

In the way of another example, the Italian peninsula is surrounded on three sides by water, and on all sides in the cases of the Italian islands of Sardinia and Sicily. Latin America has coastal economies on all sides of the South American continent and the Caribbean islands, and on three sides of Central America. The United States has coastal economies of the east, south, and north.

In the way of still other examples, Italy and the Americas are prime locations for and sources of Italian food, people of Italian heritage, and the Roman Catholic religion.

The diversity of living organisms on earth is truly astounding, almost overwhelming. Humans have come up with ways of organizing, or classifying, biological diversity throughout human history. Organisms can be classified according to any number of criteria, including overall similarities, colors, ecological functions, etc. However, it is generally agreed that the most useful way for scientists to organize biological diversity is to group organisms according to shared evolutionary history. This way the grouping not only results in an organized classification, it also contains and conveys information about our understanding of the evolutionary history of these groups.

Although our understanding of evolutionary relationships among organisms has greatly improved in the last century, it is by no means complete. Relationships among organisms, and groups of organisms, continues to be revised as new data becomes available. The rate of such revisions has increased in recent years primarily as a result of the huge amount of new molecular data (such as DNA sequences) that has been brought to bear on tests of evolutionary relationships. This means that nearly all taxonomies(systems of nomenclature) based on evolutionary relationships among organisms are being revised, sometimes radically so. Traditional ideas about how organisms are related, and in which groups they belong, often prove inaccurate.

Traditional, biological classification schemes included the idea of "ranks", such as species, genus, family, order, class, etc. In this system (the Linnean system), for example, there is a Class Reptilia and a Class Aves. However, the bulk of evidence supports, and the majority of scientists now agree that, the group Aves belongs within the larger group Reptilia (birds share a most recent common ancestor with crocodiles, which are generally included in the Class Reptilia). Within a traditional, Linnean system of classification this means that either the Class Aves is demoted to something below a class, or that a class (Aves) exists within another class (Reptilia). Problems such as this have prompted many scientists to propose that a system of naming and classification of biological diversity be rank-free. Classification systems then only indicate the hierarchical structure of groups according to the current understanding of their evolutionary history, leaving out rank labels.

Scarcity is the lack of enough goods or services a community needs or wants. This often causes rogue individuals to exact a price for available needs or wants. However, scarcity does not need to cause unlawful or immoral behavior--that is a choice people make.

• A child charges his friends for a ride on his new bike.
• When New Orleans was hit by a hurricane and no one had water to drink, outsiders came in to sell a small bottle of water for $5 to $10 each.
• Contractors who come in after a natural disaster often try to charge double or triple the cost, because they know people are desperate.
• A teen boy mows neighbor's lawns. But he dislikes an elderly resident that he calls "Old Man Mean Face". The boy tells the man the mowing for a 10 foot by 5 foot lawn (rather small) will cost him $100 dollars. He does this, knowing the man has no money to pay that price. It is a tactic to avoid helping this man. It is discrimination, too.