Biochemistry

A monosaccharide is just one carbon ring and is very soluble , example : glucose. A disaccharide consists of 2 carbon rings and is partially soluble , example : lactose ( galactose + glucose = lactose)

17β-estradiol is a steroid hormone with a chemical structure consisting of four interconnected rings forming a steroid backbone, with a hydroxyl group at the C17 position and an ethinyl group at the C3 position. It is the most potent form of estrogen in humans and plays a key role in the regulation of the female reproductive system.

table sugar- such as maple syrup, and fruit juices. You can find it in pears, grapes, .

It all depends on the standard of "proof". For example if the standard of proof is there has not been found a contradiction, then the theory is absolutely correct until there is found a contradiction, for example the" sun will rise in the east". Another example: if the theory can be expressed mathematically, then mathematical standards of proof can be applied. The mathematical proof may be said to be absolute if it "perfectly" describes the theory. However, there is often a gap between the mathematical model and reality. " Godel's views are helpful here. A theory may not be "internally" provable that it is absolutely correct. For example, certain laws of arithmetic may be correct but not provable within arithmetic but provable by calculus or topology.

By eating foods with high vitamin c in them, and recording the difference in your health.

How to test for vitamin C:

1. Draw up 2cm3 of lemon/orange juice (or the substance you're wanting to test for vitamin C) into a syringe.

2. Add it drop by drop into 2cm3 of a 0.1% solution of DCIP (a blue dye)

3. The dye will turn colourless if vitamin C is present

Maltose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, and galactose are all examples of monosaccharides.

Circle A, C, and D on the Section 2-3 Carbon Compounds worksheet. (:

Catabolism is breaking down process or degradation phase. It happens when you are sick or fasting (not eating). Anabolism is biosynthesis process or reduction phase like making protein from amino acids.

This is the mature protein shape that is the result of the many bonds made by the various R groups of the different amino acids. Hydrophobic and hydrophillic bonds, hydrogen bonding, sulfur covalent bonds and the like twist the protein into its globular shape.

No, water is not an enzyme. Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions in living cells, while water is a simple chemical compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Fermentation refers to catabolic processes where organic molecules, such as sugars or amino acids, are broken down to produce energy without the use of a membrane-bound electron transport chain. Depending upon the organism, fermentation can occur in the presence (aerobic) and/or in the absence (anaerobic) of oxygen. Fermentation pathways produce byproducts such as carbon dioxide, ethanol (alcohol), or organic acids (lactic acid or acetic acid, for example). Yeast cells can ferment sugar and in the process produce carbon dioxide and alcohol. Lactobacillusbacteria can ferment the sugar lactose and produce lactic acid; this is how yogurt is made. Wine vinegar is produced by bacteria that ferment the sugars in grape juice and produce acetic acid. Fermentation is sometimes called anaerobic respiration, but microbiologists disagree with this usage. The term respiration refers to energy-yielding metabolic processes that involve a membrane-bound electron transport chain.

The Fehling's and the Benedict's Test are the just two of the many tests conducted in identifying reducing and non-reducing sugars. Reducing sugars like the monosaccharides can reduce cupric hydroxide from the reagents used.

This is because the reducing sugars have a free oH group at their anomeric carbon that can cause the reduction of mild oxidizing agents like fehling and Benedict solution.In non reducing sugars this oH is involved in glycosidic bond formation.

The phenolic and tyrosine residues in proteins give a positive test with Millon's reagent. This reaction is based on the oxidation of phenolic groups by mercuric nitrate in the reagent to form a red-colored complex.

glucose, fructose

Also...........PEOPLE are, in which, coincidentally, you will find glucose and fructose. We are all Carbon Based Units.......I learned this from the first Star Trek movie where the hot black chick gets taken over by Vjer and refers to the other crew members as "carbon based units"

It is stored in the bond of the last phosphate. When it breaks off, energy is released. The production of ATP is basically the addition of that phosphate to ADP. ADP is adenosine diphosphate. (probably spelled that wrong). ATP is adenosine triphosphate. So basically the ATP is an ADP w/o the last phosphate.

Source: Honors Biology class

Early in the 20th century, children who lived in slums with buildings packed close together did not have much outdoor play space or time outdoors at all. This led to an epidemic number of cases of a disease called "rickets", which was essentially soft bones. It was found that the disease could be avoided by such children taking a daily dose of cod liver oil - rich in Vitamin D. Much to the joy of children everywhere, cod liver oil declined in popularity when vitamin D began to be added to milk, instead.

"Gastrology" is not a recognized medical term. If you meant "gastroenterology," it is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum. Gastroenterologists diagnose and treat conditions such as ulcers, acid reflux, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver disease.

For mixtures: homogeneous or heterogeneous.

For substances:

- solid, liquid or gas

- inorganic or organic

- natural or artificial

- colored or colorless

- toxic or not

Mixtures contain two or more compounds (substances).

It is not necessary to refrigerate vitamins unless the label specifically states to do so. Most vitamins should be stored in a cool, dry place away from sunlight to maintain their potency. A stable room temperature environment is generally sufficient for storing vitamins.

When two monosaccharides join to form a disaccharide through a condensation reaction, a molecule of water is removed, not added. This process occurs through the formation of a glycosidic bond between the two monosaccharides.

A diglyceride is a type of fat molecule that consists of two fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone. It is commonly found in processed foods as an emulsifier to improve texture and extend shelf life. Diglycerides can also be produced naturally in the body during fat metabolism.

An apoenzyme or an apoprotein is the protein portion of an enzyme that lacks a cofactor. It becomes active when it combines with a cofactor to form a holoenzyme or a holoprotein.

I screwed up-- the first person had it right. Here's their answer: "A protein is composed of several amino acids chained together - so no melanin is not a protein. Melanin is formed from the amino acid Tyrosine and is NOT a chain of amino acids thus it is not a protein nor is it a amino acid."

No, not all proteins are enzymes. Enzymes are a type of protein that acts as biological catalysts to facilitate chemical reactions in living organisms. While many enzymes are proteins, not all proteins have enzymatic activity. Proteins can have a variety of functions in the body beyond catalyzing reactions.