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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
What is the difference between volumetric pipette and micro pipette?
Pipettes are used to transport liquids. Graduated pipettes are marks similarly to graduated cylinders, indicating different calibrated volumes. Volumetric pipettes only mark a single volume of measurement, and as such require different pipettes for different quantities.
Hexoses, which are either aldoses or ketoses, show reducing properties. This reducing property is the basis of the test for sugar in the urine and in the blood. When reducing agent is treated with an oxidizing agent such as Cu2+ complex ion,+ a red-orange precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) is formed. The unbalanced equation for the reaction of an aldehyde with Copper (II) complex ion can be written as follow:
aldehyde + Cu2+ heat NAOH
What are four types of basic organic macromolecules and how are they important in the body?
The four types of basic organic macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates provide energy for the body. Lipids are necessary for storing energy and forming cell membranes. Proteins are essential for various functions in the body, including structure, enzymes, and signaling. Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.
What is the relation between DNA Gene Chromosome and Genome?
DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information. Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits. Chromosomes are structures in the cell that contain DNA, and the genome is the complete set of an organism's genetic material, including all its genes and non-coding sequences.
What body system controls body with hormone?
The endocrine system controls the body using hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers released by glands that regulate various functions in the body such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Where do you work after studying biochemistry at college?
After studying biochemistry at college, you can work in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, healthcare, research, food and beverage industries, environmental sector, or pursuing further education in fields like medicine, pharmacy, or bioinformatics.
Is a monosaccharide or polysaccharide bigger?
"Mono" means one
"Poly" means many
For any given sugar (saccharide), a polysaccharide would be larger.
What is biochemical oxygen demand of Jaggery solution?
The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of jaggery solution depends on the organic matter content present in the solution. Jaggery is made from sugar cane juice and might contain organic compounds that consume oxygen when decomposed by microorganisms. Measuring the BOD would provide insights into the biodegradable organic matter and oxygen demand in the jaggery solution.
The NADH produced in glycolysis enters the electron transport chain (ETC) at a lower energy level compared to the NADH produced in the Krebs cycle. This difference in energy level leads to a smaller proton gradient and ultimately results in the production of less ATP when the NADH from glycolysis is used in the ETC.
What is hGH endocrine hormone?
hGH (human growth hormone) is an endocrine hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. It plays a key role in growth, cell regeneration, and metabolism. It also influences muscle growth, bone density, and organ function.
Which organelle makes each of the 4 macromolecules?
Proteins: Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. Carbohydrates: Golgi apparatus and cytoplasm. Lipids: Endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm. Nucleic acids: Nucleus and ribosomes.
The precambium is a layer of meristematic tissue found between the primary xylem and phloem in vascular plants. It is responsible for the production of secondary vascular tissue in the form of secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.
One male Gamete {the one sperm out of 400 million per} approaches and attaches to One Female Gamete {The one Ovum selected out of 400,000} to perform and complete the 565 million Year Young process known as Fertilization.
What is the deficiency disease of vitamin b?
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that presents as decreased bone density and alteration of proteins in the bone. This causes a much increased risk of bone fractures. There are three classifications of the disease: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (primary type 1) which occurs in women after menopause, senile osteoporosis (primary type 2) which occurs in both males and females over the age of around 75, and secondary osteoporosis which can occur in males and females of any age.
What cell organelle is responsible for carrying out the function of the photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts are the cell organelles responsible for carrying out the function of photosynthesis in plant cells. These organelles contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy through a series of biochemical reactions.
What are three ways that people use restriction enzyme?
Restriction enzymes (REN's) cut or cleve DNA. This cutting process is sequence-specific. Which means, the enzyme does not randomly fragment the DNA (or template strand as it is generally called in many experimental protocols). Instead, the enzyme scans the length of the template until it reaches a specific sequence of 4 - 8 nucleotides. Once this sequence (the restriction site) is reached, the enzyme produces a cut in the template and generates either blunt ends (no overhangs) or sticky ends (having both 3' and 5' overhangs)
The primary application of restriction enzymes is is genetic engineering where we want to insert cDNA sequences into plasmids or other vectors.
What are the types of epithelial Cells?
Simple squamous-single layer of thin, flat, many-sided cells each with a central nucleus. It lines internal cavities, the heart and all the blood vessels. Also lines parts of the urinary, respiratory, and male reproductive tracts.
Stratified squamous-consists of many layers of cells. Innermost layer produces cells that are first cuboidal or columnar in shape, but as cells push toward the surface, they become flattened and begin to accumulate a protein called keratin and eventually die. Keratin makes the outer layer of epidermis tough, protective, and able to repel water. The linings of the mouth, throat, anal canal, and vagina are examples of stratified epithelium. The outermost layer of cells surrounding the cavity remains soft, moist, and alive.
Simple cuboidal-single layer of cube-shaped cells, each with a central nucleus. Found in tubules of the kidney and in the ducts of many glands, where it has a protective function. It also occurs in the secretory portions of some glands, where the tissue produces and releases secretions.
Simple columnar-single layer of tall, cylindrical cells, each with a nucleus near the base. This tissue, which lines the digestive tract from the stomach to the anus, protects, secretes, and allows absorption of nutrients.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar-appears to be layered, though actually all cells touch the basement membrane. Many cilia are located on the free end of each cell. In the human trachea, the cilia wave back and forth, moving mucus and debris up toward the throat so that it cannot enter the lungs. Smoking destroys these cilia, but they will grow back if smoking is discontinued.
Yes, enzymes are highly specific in terms of the reactions they catalyze. Each enzyme typically acts on a specific substrate to produce a specific product. This specificity is due to the precise three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, which allows it to interact only with certain substrates.
What part of an amino acid is not the same in all amino acids?
The "R" group is different in different kinds of amino acids. The "R" group can be a number of different molecules that are attached to the alpha carbon.
S2Cl3 is disulfur trichloride, a yellow liquid compound with a pungent odor that is used in chemical synthesis and as a reagent in organic chemistry reactions.
What is the last step in transcription?
The last step in transcription is termination, where the RNA polymerase enzyme stops adding nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand and detaches from the DNA template. This results in the release of the newly formed mRNA molecule.
What 2 things will change the shape of an enzyme and therefore stop an enzyme from working?
Denaturation caused by high temperatures or extreme pH levels can change the shape of an enzyme, disrupting its active site and preventing it from binding to its substrate effectively. Additionally, the presence of inhibitors or competitive molecules can also alter the enzyme's shape, leading to a reduction or loss of enzyme activity.
What organs do hormones travel from endocrine glands through bloodstream?
Hormones travel from endocrine glands through the bloodstream to reach target organs or tissues where they exert their specific effects. Some of the major endocrine glands that release hormones into the bloodstream include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and ovaries/testes.
D-glucose and l-glucose are are examples of what?
D-glucose and L-glucose are examples of enantiomers, which are non-superimposable mirror image molecules. They have the same chemical formula and bonds but differ in their spatial arrangement of atoms.
When drawing blood in a lavender tube can I use the same tube for multiple tests?
Using the same lavender tube for multiple tests is generally acceptable as long as the order of draw is followed to prevent cross-contamination between additives in different tubes. However, it is recommended to consult with your laboratory or follow specific lab protocols to ensure accurate test results.
