Energy

Yes, unless you use some non-standard definition.

Brownian motion describes the disorder of random molecular motion, which is caused by the collision of molecules in a fluid. This phenomenon was first observed by botanist Robert Brown in 1827.

Feature September 26, 2005 Researchers Explore Mystery of Hurricane Formation All Atlantic hurricanes, no matter how grand they may become, begin the same. Each starts as a small disturbance in the atmosphere above equatorial Africa. These disturbances, called tropical waves, head west and, if conditions are just right, they increase in size and start spinning. Some develop into tropical depressions, grow into tropical storms and finally evolve into full-blown hurricanes. "The mystery is why does it happen," says JPL researcher Bjorn Lambrigtsen, "There is a constant stream of these tropical waves coming off the coast of Africa, but most don't turn into hurricanes." Lambrigtsen is the microwave instrument scientist on the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on NASA's Aqua satellite. "Understanding how hurricanes form will help us be able to predict how they evolve and where they may go." This past summer Lambrigtsen headed off to Costa Rica with a group of NASA researchers to learn more about the birth of hurricanes and to test some of the latest weather technology. He took along a special instrument designed and built at JPL with hurricanes in mind. The High Altitude Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Sounding Radiometer uses the latest microwave technology to make three-dimensional measurements of temperature, water vapor and liquid water in the atmosphere. Because it uses microwaves, it can see through clouds to the inside of a storm. It is a prototype for instruments that will fly on the next generation of weather satellites. "For a tropical wave to turn into a hurricane, it needs something to give it a twist and it needs convection," says Lambrigtsen. A hurricane is a giant heat engine like a boiler, he explains, taking moisture from the surface and shooting it skyward. As water vapor condenses into rain, evaporates and condenses again, it releases energy that helps drive the engine. "Our microwave atmospheric profiler measures how temperature and water vapor are distributed inside the hurricane," says Lambrigtsen," so we get a picture of the storm's internal processes and how energetic it is." Researchers picked Costa Rica for this latest hurricane field experiment, called the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes mission, because of its geography. "There was an idea that tropical waves coming across the Atlantic might just get that little twist they need to turn into hurricanes by coming across land," says Lambrigtsen. "We thought that this might be where Eastern Pacific hurricanes get their start." "Atlantic hurricanes typically evolve into tropical storms while still over open water far out in the Atlantic - often so far that it is difficult to reach them," he explains. "Eastern Pacific hurricanes also often have their origin in Africa, but in their case they do not evolve into tropical storms until they pass over Central America into the Pacific -- the cyclogenesis takes place during the crossing or soon afterward. We realized that we stood a greater chance of being able to fly over an early-stage system in the vicinity of Central America, and we'd be able to reach both Atlantic hurricanes that formed in the Gulf of Mexico, as some of them do, and Eastern Pacific hurricanes that formed not too far out in the Pacific." For their experiment, they brought together six specialized weather instruments, including the microwave atmospheric profiler, to fly on NASA's ER-2 aircraft, a research version of the famous U-2 spy plane. They planned their flights to coincide with overflights of NASA and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellites to get the maximum amount of information possible. Comparing data from the airborne instruments with that from the satellites helps validate the satellite measurements, another of the field campaign's goals. Data from the JPL profiler are especially useful for validating satellite observations by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder's suite of instruments, which includes microwave sensors. In early July, Lambrigtsen and his colleagues mounted the 50-kilogram (100-pound) instrument on the wing of the ER-2 aircraft, and hoped for the best. This was only the second outing for the microwave profiler; its first was in a similar field experiment in 2001. The researchers didn't have long to wait. Hurricane Dennis, the first major storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, was taking shape unusually early in the nearby Caribbean. "We flew over Dennis three times in five days," says Lambrigtsen. "We were able to catch its evolution from a tropical storm into a hurricane." "Hurricanes are such severe storms that it is hard to fly through them," Lambrigsten says. "The Air Force flies just twice a day through hurricanes to measure wind speed. Most satellites can see only the tops of the storms, only a few can look through the clouds and they mostly get only a fleeting glance as they pass overhead. Having our instruments on the ER-2 flying above the storm, we were able to look down and into the hurricane. It's like having our own little satellite that we can dedicate to that one storm." In addition to being able to view Dennis' growth, the researchers also caught a glimpse of their primary target -- the moment when a tropical wave starts spinning. "We were able to catch cyclogenesis near Central America," says Lambrigtsen. "We observed one wave that developed cyclonic winds and started to become an organized storm but later fizzled out and several tropical waves that didn't evolve very far. Once we have had a chance to study our data, we may be able to answer some of the questions about when this happens and when it doesn't. This is tricky stuff, we're not normally aware of what is happening with a hurricane until it has been named and well on its way to becoming a big monster." Alan Buis/JPL (818) 354-0474 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Written by Rosemary Sullivant

Energy, in the form of electricity, causes the filament to heat up and give off light. Any energy which the filament loses by heating the bulb does not create light, and so is wasted. Thermal isolation minimizes the heat loss of the filament, and therefore reduces wasted energy.

Trees take their energy from the Sun by the process of photosynthesis in the leaves. This process uses the Sun's energy to take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and separate out the carbon and oxygen atoms. The carbon is used to form the tree's tissues while the oxygen is released as a waste product.

The energy used in separating the carbon-oxygen bonds is recovered when the wood or leaves are burnt, and new carbon-dioxide is released.

A metal wire is typically used to allow electricity to flow between the battery and the light bulb. Metals are good conductors of electricity due to their free-flowing electrons that can carry electric charges. The wire completes the circuit, allowing the electric current to travel from the battery to the light bulb, providing power for it to illuminate.

Seaweed is a type of marine algae that is large and multicellular, while algae refers to a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that can be found in various aquatic environments. In general, seaweed specifically refers to larger, macroscopic algae, while algae can include both macroscopic and microscopic species.

The energy in a matchstick before it is burned is chemical potential energy stored in the match head. When the match is struck and burned, this chemical potential energy is converted into thermal energy in the form of heat and light.

Iceland is a country that extensively uses natural geothermal energy for heating and electricity production due to its abundant geothermal resources. Geothermal energy is harnessed through geothermal power plants and used for various applications such as heating homes, swimming pools, and generating electricity.

Geothermal. it is called geothermal. Geothermal thermal energy is what you get when water is pumped through pipes deep under the crust and the water is heated creating steam that travels up the pipe and then is transformed into geothermal heat and energy.

It depends on the organism and cell type. I will assume you mean the human and all cells in general. In this case generally, it is the production of ATP for use. Yes, creating ATP takes energy, and copious amount of it. The biggest problem is the leakage of H+ ion from the intermembrane space into the matrix, which the H+ pumps must constantly work against. This process creates heat, which is inefficient and also one reason why humans are warm-blooded.

Geothermal energy is used mainly in countries that lie along tectonic fault lines. Therefore, places such as New Zealand and above all Iceland rely on this form of energy. In fact, I'm sure that Iceland's electricity supply is almost fully based on geothermal energy.

She would consume everything she touches.

the Equatorial region or zone, it is part of the tropics which is the region between the tropic of capricorn in the south and the tropic of cancer in the north.

The Equatorial zone is the region between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south.

There is generally 6 zones north to south on the Earth.

1. The arctic bound by the arctic circle, this is the line where, when the north pole is at it's furthest inclination from the sun (winter solstice), the sun does not shine north of here.

2. The northern temperate zone, from the arctic to the tropic.

3. The tropics described above, are the areas on the Earth that at one or two times during the year will directly face the sun.

4. The Equatorial zone described above.

5. The southern temperate zone.

6. And the Antarctic zone, dark during the summer solstice.

A root arising from primary root becomes a secondary root

An electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, such as a wire. This flow is driven by a voltage difference across the conductor and is essential for the operation of electrical devices. The movement of electrons in the conductor creates energy that can be harnessed for various practical applications.

The gas will have thermal energy given by its specific heat capacity (at constant pressure or volume depending on the situation) times the rise in temperature. This thermal energy is possessed because of the increased kinetic energy of its molecules, due to the rise in temperature.

The process of burning is called combustion. During combustion, a substance reacts with oxygen to produce heat, light, and usually, new substances.

As of 2021, the world consumes approximately 100 million barrels of oil per day, which totals to around 36.5 billion barrels per year. Oil is a crucial energy source used in transportation, electricity generation, and various industries around the globe.

The lattice energy for KCl is 715 kJ mol-1.

an organism uses outside raw materials mostly in the form of food and oxygen . the raw material required by an organisms can be quite varied depending on the complexity of an organisms and its environment

No, clouds are not nonrenewable. Clouds are continuously forming and dissipating as water evaporates from the Earth's surface, rises into the atmosphere, and then condenses into droplets or ice crystals to create clouds. This cyclical process makes clouds a renewable natural phenomenon.

ATP contains a high energy bond which is used to transfer energy inside cells. This energy is then used to form the bonds that build other organic molecules. Once ATP has been used, it reverts to ADP which lacks the high energy bond of ATP. Cellular respiration releases energy from sugars and fats in order to convert ADP back into ATP.