Battle of Gettysburg

365,000 union. 260,000 rebels

A much larger population from which to raise armies, a vastly larger industrial capacity with which to supply those armies, several times the amount of railroad mileage upon which to transport those armies and supplies to the battle fronts and incredibly more money with which to pay for it all. Michael Montagne North had a greater advantage because there were more volunteers to help such as: 130,000 signed up but only 100,000 could fight. Therefore there were more supporters at home during the war! North had a greater advantage because there were more volunteers to help such as: 130,000 signed up but only 100,000 could fight. Therefore there were more supporters at home during the war! Kate-Lyn Lyons

The 1st Infantry Division, the 1st Armored Division and the 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion and the 1st US Ranger Battalion.

This most famous and most important Civil War Battle occurred over three hot summer days, July 1 to July 3, 1863, around the small market town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It began as a skirmish but by its end involved 160,000 Americans.

the Federal government thought they could win the war with sheer numbers and with superior arms and supplies. The North also had much more Natural Resources and manufacturing capability. What they didn't realize was the tenacity of their foes, the amount of fight the southern states put up. They never expected the war to last 4 years. If you like to read, Shelby Foote has written several volumes on Civil War history.

The massive sea lift of British soldiers from the beaches, carried off by small fishing craft. This saved many thousands of men that would late take the fight back to Hitler. www.hitleratecornflakes.com

No. The Last remaining bartendin union in the U.S. is in Las Vegas. It's the Unite Here Local 165. Hope this is of any help to you

Harmony Day is a day of cultural respect in Australia. The main objectives are inclusiveness, productivity diversity, and community harmony.

There were no divisions from Michigan, they were regiments. A division is made from several brigades and a brigade is made from 4-5 regiments. A brigade had many differant states in it. Example is 24th Mich, 2nd Wisconsin, 6th Wisc., 7th Wisc., 19th Indiana made up the 1st brigade(Iron brigade) of the first division of the first corps.

I'm not sure, but I think he was trying to tell everyone that the war was finally over and that we could go back to our normal lives

Mugabe will be remembered for fighting white colonialism during the 1960s to the late 1970s, when he was imprisoned in Rhodesian jails for fighting for justice for the black majority. However, he will also be remembered for failing to transform a promising country into a successful democracy from 1980 onwards. History will put him in the same group with other notorious African dictators such as Mobutu Sese Seko and Hastings Kamuzu Banda, to name but a few. Mugabe will also affect history in terms of highligthing the challenges of many poor countries in a neoliberal global environment where most money is used for speculative purposes rather than for tangible infrastructural developments. The failure of IMF and World Bank SAPs is closely linked to the rise of desperate populist politics such as the chaotic land reforms, mines' nationalisation and the attempt to control foreign currency externalisation by most export oriented business operating in poor cxountries but with HQs in the developed world. Mugabe will also affect history by forcing intellectuals to re-examining the viability of the urbane democractic ethos in rural underdeveloped regions of the world where poverty, low literacy and poor communications make rigging of the ballot a lot easier for the ruling party that has access to state institutions such as the army, police, and the conservative traditional leadership institutions.

The battle of Elizabeth City effectively denied the Confederacy the use of the Dismal Swamp Canal for the remainder of the war. The Dismal Swamp and the Albemarle & Chesapeake Canals were the back door to Norfolk. With Hampton Roads in the possession of the Union, they offered the only water routes to Norfolk. Burnside's taking of Roanoke Island 2 days earlier also allowed the Union fleet to threaten Suffolk, where the railroad lines serving Norfolk ran. Within 3 months of losing these strategic locations, Norfolk was abandoned by the Confederates. rblong@coastalnet.com

When and where one adopts a 'diversity' rather than 'European' perspective on American History, the basic facts and events that drove that history will not necessarily change. What will change, however, is the importance and emphasis that one may (or may not) place upon those facts and events. At the same time, the various sources that one draws upon to understand (and evaluate) the same will change: the 'European' perspective will be complemented, perhaps even revised significantly, by other perspectives.

Most attacks that fail could have succeeded had circumstances been slightly different. Similarly, most successful attacks could have failed. Any failed attack becomes, by definition, a tactical error. Those are the fortunes of war. Lee's decision to fight at Gettysburg after the first day was an error because the possibilities of success on that ground were too few. Had he shifted to the right, seeking better ground he might possibly have gained a victory. Certainly the odds might have been more in his favor. Anyway it didn't matter. Nothing that happened in Pennsylvania was going to stop Grant from taking Vicksburg on July 4 and that was by far the more strategically important event.Michael Montagne

While its true that Grant's capture of Vicksburg was important, the Battle of Gettysburg is still the high water mark of the Confederacy. When Lee ordered Pickett's charge, he made a colossal blunder. Of course, this judgment is made with the benefit of hindsight. However, I have been to Gettysburg and I have stood and looked out across the ground that the Southerners had to cross that day. Secondly, I also point to Lee's experiences in the Battle of Malvern Hill. At Malvern Hill, Lee faced a situation where he tried to dislodge a Federal force with the use of artillery. That attempt failed miserably, and it would fail again at Gettysburg. The Civil War was not a war of 'attack' since the Napoleonic charge was no longer effective (rifled muskets had much better range). So, when Stonewall Jackson utters 'we must show them the bayonet' - he also shows that he's fighting a different war from a different era. Lee's subordinate, Longstreet was in favor of the 'offensive defensive' - ie. to lure the Federals to attack the Confederates on 'Southern' terms. Throughout the course of the war, thousands died because generals just didn't understand that you could not run men with bayonets and one musket shot into an enemy protected by breast works and cannon.

The artillery batteries on both sides of the US Civil War suffered less casualties then either the infantries or cavalries. At the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union lost about 10% of its cannons, while the South's losses were about 13%.

The address of the Prospect House And Civil War Museum is: 403 N Lake Ave, Battle Lake, MN 56515-4054

Waynesboro, Pennsylvania was part of the Gettysburg Campaign during the American Civil War.

Davis did not have much of a strategy. It boiled down to a purely defensive policy which could be interpreted as a strategy of attrition, except it lacked a component to coordinate the resources of the entire forces, east and west. Union strategy, developed by Scott in the early days of the war, became known as the Anaconda Plan. It consisted of blockading the southern ports and sending troops down the Mississippi Valley to deny the river to the south as a source of reinforcements and supplies to bring the south to heel by starving it into submission, and allowing seceding states the chance to re-enter the Union on their own . With some variations added, and the scope expanded, this is the strategy that won the war.

After the Civil War, the Southern state legislatures had to approve the 14th and 15th Amendments, as part of the price of being readmitted to the Union. (The 13th Amendment had already been passed by the rump states outside the South.)

Many years later, public and lobby pressure caused some state legislatures to pass certain bills that defined what the two races could and could not do (that means white and black; the others hadn't been invented yet). Most laws were just annoying. If you were white and owned a coffeeshop, say, some states wouldn't let you have your negro friend from across the street come in and talk over a cup of coffee while you rolled up the hamburgers. That's just one example. Some laws were so silly people refused to enforce them. That sounds like a good thing but it isn't if you are trying to make a court case. It is hard to challenge a law that no one enforces. This all led to a very famous case in Louisiana in the 1890s. Someone made a law that colored people had to sit in separate train cars from whites. The conductors just laughed. They said they weren't going to move those nice colored people out. So the lawyers eventually got mad and told the conductor they'd get him fired or arrested if this time he didn't make the colored person move. The conductor reluctantly walked over to Mr. Plessy (for that was the colored man's name) and asked him to move. Mr. Plessy smiled and the lawyers smiled too. Now they had a case! They sued the railroad. They sued the state. They sued all the way to the Supreme Court! But it all went horribly wrong. The Supreme Court ruled that it was perfectly okay to have separate train cars for white and black people, if the accommodations were equally good. As a result of this case, many states decided they all had to have separate accommodations. You had to have two public water fountains, and two men's restrooms and two women's restrooms. (This is why there are 15,000 comfort stations in the Pentagon, which is in Virginia, in case you ever visit.) And you had to have separate schools for white kids and black kids, even if the whole county only had only fourteen kids. The South became very poor as a result, and their schools became bad, and the black schools were sometimes even worse than the white schools (because it takes a heap of money to pay for two sets of public schools, and the whites decided to spend their extra nickel on the white school). But the schools were equally good, basically, because everyone was poor and sat in ancient wooden desks, and had well-worn schoolbooks published before the first Cleveland administration.

This state of affairs continued till the 1950s and 60s, when other court decisions and laws overturned the mess that Mr. Plessy's friends created. Then the Southern people were told it was All Their Fault to begin with and that they were Bad Bad People. And this is where my history book ends.

I assume this is the American Civil War. If not, ask the question again more specifically. Mostly (but not entirely) east of the Mississippi River to the coast, and South of Gettysburg and North of Florida.

Vicksburg's surrender closed the Mississippi to Southern traffic, completing phase two of the Anaconda Plan, leading to the defeat of the South from lack of supplies and reinforcements.

At the time, Washington, D.C. was the most fortified city in the world. Lee did not have a siege train that could successfully attack the city.

NEW RESPONDENT

Lee's strategic thought about the Maryland Campaign he was planning had been exhaustively illustrated by the letter he sent to Jefferson Davis on Sept. 3, 1862, as follows:

QUOTE

Headquarters Alexandria & Leesburg Road

Near Dranesville, Virginia

September 3, 1862

Mr. President:

The present seems the most propitious time since the commencement of the war for the Confederate Army to enter Maryland. The two grand armies of the United States that have been operating in Virginia, though now united, are much weakened and demoralized. Their new levies, of which I understand sixty thousand men have already been posted in Washington, are not yet organized, and will take some time to prepare for the field. If it is ever desired to give material aid to Maryland and afford her an opportunity of throwing off the oppression to which she is now subject, this would seem the most favorable. After the enemy had disappeared from the vicinity of Fairfax Court House and taken the road to Alexandria & Washington, I did not think it would be advantageous to follow him farther. I had no intention of attacking him in his fortifications, and am not prepared to invest them. If I had possessed the necessary munitions, I should be unable to supply provisions for the troops. I therefore determined while threatening the approaches to Washington, to draw the troops into Loudon, where forage and some provisions can be obtained, menace their possession of the Shenandoah Valley, and if I found practicable, to cross into Maryland.

The purpose, if discovered, will have the effect of carrying the enemy north of the Potomac, and if prevented, will not result in much evil. The army is not properly equipped for an invasion of an enemy's territory. It lacks much of the material of war, is feeble in transportation, the animals being much reduced, and the men are poorly provided with clothes, and in thousands of instances are destitute of shoes. Still we cannot afford to be idle, and though weaker than our opponents in men and military equipments, must endeavor to harass, if we cannot destroy them. I am aware that the movement is attended with much risk, yet I do not consider success impossible, and shall endeavor to guard it from loss. As long as the army of the enemy are employed on this frontier I have no fears for the safety of Richmond, yet I earnestly recommend defence, by land and water, in the most perfect condition. A respectable force can be collected to defend its approaches by land, and the steamer Richmond I hope is now ready to clear the river of hostile vessels. Should Genl [Braxton] Bragg find it impracticable to operate to advantage on his present frontier, his army, after leaving sufficient garrisons, could be advantageously employed in opposing the overwhelming numbers which it seems to be the intention of the enemy now to concentrate in Virginia. I have already been told by prisoners that some of [General Don Carlos] Buell's cavalry have been joined to Genl Pope's army, and have reason to believe that the whole of McClellan's, the larger portions of Burnside's & Cox's and a portion of [General David] Hunter's, are united to it. What occasions me most concern is the fear of getting out of ammunition. I beg you will instruct the Ordnance Department to spare no pains in manufacturing a sufficient amount of the best kind, & to be particular in preparing that for the artillery, to provide three times as much of the long range ammunition as of that for smooth bore or short range guns.

The points to which I desire the ammunition to be forwarded will be made known to the Department in time. If the Quartermaster Department can furnish any shoes, it would be the greatest relief.

We have entered upon September, and the nights are becoming cool.

I have the honor to be with high respect, your ob't servant

R. E. Lee

UNQUOTE

Not at all. By that time the officers and men of both armies were highly experienced veterans, and the southerners, after making their best attempt to break out of the Yankee encirclement, completely comprehended the hopelessness of their situation and the pointlessness that additional fighting would involve. Hence, they surrendered. In the National Cemetery at Appomattox there are a total of fourteen graves. Gettysburg, Antietam, Chancellorsville, The Wilderness, Stones River, Chickamauga and others were all far, far bloodier, by a factor of greater than several hundred times.

Free black men could be carpenters, coopers, barbers, and blacksmiths. Work opportunities for free black women were even more limited.

The north (also called the Union) won the Civil War on April 9th, 1863.