Carbohydrates and Low-Carb Diets

The ribosomes responsible for producing enzymes involved in the first steps of sugar metabolism can be found in the cytoplasm of the cell. Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized based on the instructions from messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. These enzymes are essential for breaking down sugars and initiating the metabolic process.

Starch is itself a type of carbohydrate coming under the category of insoluble.

Carbohydrates and ATP are related to one another but are not the same. The body ingests carbohydrates, absorbs them into the bloodstream in the form of glucose, and then uses the mitochondria to turn glucose into ATP. ATP is the main energy source in mammalian organisms.

Glucose is the primary carbohydrate fuel for cells in the body. It is broken down during cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP.

Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen because carbon has the unique ability to form strong covalent bonds with itself and other elements, allowing for the formation of a wide variety of complex structures. Hydrogen is commonly found in organic compounds because it is the simplest and most abundant element, often serving as a bonding partner for carbon atoms in organic molecules.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy molecule that is made and used by cells. It is a high-energy molecule that stores and supplies energy for various cellular processes, such as muscle contractions, protein synthesis, and active transport across cell membranes.

Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are essential for providing energy to the body. Common characteristics include being classified as simple sugars (monosaccharides) or complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), having a role in cellular structure and function, and being a primary fuel source for the body.

Tygon polymers are typically composed of a blend of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and plasticizers to achieve flexibility, chemical resistance, and durability. Other additives like stabilizers and lubricants may also be included to enhance performance characteristics. The exact composition may vary depending on the specific type and grade of Tygon polymer.

The pH indicator phenol red turns yellow in the fermentation test when the pH drops below 6.8, indicating acid production from fermentation.

Carbohydrates are essential to provide energy for the body because they are quickest source of the energy for the body. They meet the body's immediate energy needs and are the first source of the energy the body uses.

Proteins that are found in the body are divided into two main groups. a.) Structural proteins -These are proteins which are necessary in formation of an organic substances, parts, structures and other basic parts of the body. examples of these are collagen (which is found in the bones), keratin (a pigment in skin and others). b.) Functional proteins -These are proteins that performed a specific function in the body Examples of these protein are : Haemoglobin - an iron containing pigment in the blood which carries oxygen to the brain. Actin and Myosin - the fluid that is involve in the proper contraction of arm muscles.

the gene is never expressed. ^^^^ this guy is a frickin idiot. and this would more of be in the cells/ biology section. What happens is a repressor binds to the operator and turns off the gene so the protein doesn't get made. and when its needed the repressor detaches and the gene is turned back on. ( this all happens on a strand of DNA )

Glycosidic bond formation. These occur on the so called or 'hemiacetal' (or 'hemiketal') carbon which is a carbon bonded to both an -OH group and an -O-R group found in sugars in their ring form. These carbons are highly reactive and attack the C'-OH bond of another sugar (or any compound with such a bond) forming a 'acetal' (or 'ketal') group which is a carbon bonded to two -O-R groups and in the process condensing (water is a byproduct of this reaction) the two sugars together (Now R-O-C-O-C'-R) into one disaccharide or polysaccharide.

Note:

C - Carbon on sugar one.

C' - Carbon sugar two.

The functions of carbohydrate portions of molecules include energy storage. It also functions as the backbone of RNA and DNA molecules. Carbohydrates also contribute to the structure of cell walls.

Chief source of energy

Constituent of compound lipids and conjugated proteins

Degradation product act as promoters or catalysts

Certain carbohydrates derivatives are used as drug like Cardiac glycosides/antibiotics

Lactose principal sugar of milk- in lactating mammary glands

The term for the reaction of carbohydrates with oxygen in organisms is cellular respiration. This process involves the breakdown of carbohydrates to produce energy in the form of ATP, which is used by cells for various functions. Carbon dioxide and water are produced as byproducts of this reaction.

Inert proteins are proteins that do not have any enzymatic activity or biochemical function in the body. They mainly serve structural roles, such as in providing support and strength to cells and tissues. Examples include collagen and keratin.

A cell's DNA can be considered the 'recipe' for proteins, as it contains information on how to make proteins.

The recipe first has to be translated into mRNA. The ribosome can then be considered the kitchen (and its catalytic site the head chef), where the mRNA translation of the recipe is used as a template/guide to produce the protein's polypeptide chain(s). Since tRNA prepares and carries the ingredients (amino acids) to the kitchen/head chef, these must be the assitant chefs.

Polysaccharides (such as starch and cellulose) are the group of carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzed to give smaller molecules. They consist of long chains of monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds that are not easily broken down by hydrolysis.

The enzyme that reduces complex carbohydrates in the mouth is called salivary amylase. It breaks down starches into simpler sugars like maltose and dextrin, initiating the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.

Photosynthesis is the creation of carbohydrates, by plants, using water, carbon dioxide & sunlight; chlorophyll also needs to be present, but isn't actually used up - it acts as a catalyst

polysaccharide

There are several....iron, copper, brass, carbon any and every element on the periodic table. Carbohydrates are complex molecules composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, anything that doesn't contain these elements in the correct arrangement is a non-carbohydrate

Glucose is converted into glycogen, a complex carbohydrate, for storage in the liver and muscles. Glycogen serves as a readily available energy source that can be broken down back into glucose when the body needs a quick burst of energy.

Yes, fat diets are always just temporary. The real way to lose weight is a lifestyle change. Just eat healthier food because this diet will continue on and on where as a fat diet doesn't go on after you have lost the weight.