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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

1,646 Questions

What effect if any does connecting a voltmeter across a resistor in a circuit have on the current through resistor?

A very very tiny amount of the current that would normally flow through the resistor instead flows through the voltmeter, allowing it to make its measurement. For most purposes this very very tiny amount of current can be completely ignored.

When is a material said to be ohmic?

An ohmic material follows Ohm's law, which states that V = I*R. This means that the potential difference in a system is equivalent to the total resistance multiplied by the current running through the system. This relationship, as you might have noticed, is a linear relationship. Most materials are approximately ohmic, however, there are exceptions. The resistance of a system remains mostly the same except at high temperatures, and Ohm's law assumes that materials will not undergo drastic temperature changes or be subjected to very high or low temperatures. However, it is generally a good approximation.

Another Answer

If you conduct and experiment that allows you to plot a graph of current against variations in voltage, and that graph turns out to be a straight line, then the material through which that current is flowing is said to be 'linear' or 'ohmic', which means that it obeys Ohm's Law.

In essence, Ohm's Law is true when the ratio of voltage to current is constant for variations in voltage.

However, very few materials and electronic devices are 'ohmic'. Repeating the same experiment with most materials will result in a curved-line graph, which tells us that that material/device is 'non-linear' or 'non-ohmic'. So most materials/devices DO NOT obey Ohm's Law. So an argument can be made that Ohm's 'Law' isn't a law at all, but simply describes the behaviour of a limited number of materials.

The equation, R = E/I, which is derived from the definition of the ohm, and NOT from Ohm's Law, applies whether Ohm's Law is obeyed or not, as it tells us what the resistance of a material/device is at a particular value of voltage (as opposed to a range of voltages).

What is an electron's role in a circuit?

Everything that goes on in an electrical circuit happens in response to a

flow of electrical current. Electrons are the carriers of electrical charge

whose motion constitutes the electrical current in the circuit.

What is a non-stationary signal?

A non-stationary signal is one whose frequency changes over time; e.g. human speech where frequencies vary over time depending on what words or syllables you are pronouncing. On the contrary, you have stationary signals where frequencies don't change over time; e.g. the signal: cos(20*pi*t)+cos(50*pi*t)+cos(200*pi*t) where all of the frequency components (20*pi, 50*pi, 200*pi) exist at all times.

How is ammeter and voltmeter attached to a circuit?

Ammeters are connected in series with the load under test. This requires the load be disconnected from the source, and the ammeter placed in circuit. Voltmeters are connected in parallel with the load under test. This does not require any circuit changes.

Sorry, but WikiAnswers does not support illustrations.

Is the inside of an outlet a conductor?

Inside an outlet there are conductors: hot, neutral, and sometimes ground. The rest of the inside of an outlet is insulator, to keep these conductors from shorting.

What causes a complete electrical failure in a 1997 Grand Prix?

If your battery is good then you need to check the fuseable link on the red wire at your starter. It wont be the biggest red wire it will be the next size down. You will find it connected to the small bolt on the starter. You will have two small bolts and one big one. That bolt will be marked "S" for start. The other is marked "I" for ignition.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of MOSFET?

Advantages:-

1- mosfet are small compare to bjt's so it fabricated easily and space saving scheme on the ic's

2- mosfet's input impedance are very high so they do not load the circuits. loading effect doesn't arise.

3- operating frequency is very high so may be used at higher frequencies.

4- used in digital circuits for it's reliability.

5- effect of noise is less than bjt. so high signal to noise ratio.

6-mosfets are unipolar devices so reverse saturation current doesn't exist.

7- it consume less D.C power rather than BJT.

Disadvantages:-

handling is not easy-

Mosfet is very sensitive to electrostatic charge so it may be destroy when you touch the pins of a mosfet devices by hand.

trans conductance is low than BJT.

What is an arc suppressor?

An Arc Suppressor is a combined Resistive-Capacitive device that is applied across the contacts of a relay or motor-starter to suppress surges on startup or open opening of the contact. This is necessary to absorb the energy potential across the contact and prevent an arc. This prolongs the life of the electrical contact, reduces noise in the circuit, and in some cases may be part of personnel safety. The device must be sized according the potential that might be seen across the contacts.

What advantage is there in arranging the batteries in series and in parallel?

A series connection of [five] cells gives you [five] times the voltage of a single cell.

A parallel connection of [five] cells gives you the same voltage, but [five] times the

battery life, of a single cell.

What are the four parts of any typical lipids?

Typical lipids consist of four main components: fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate groups, and alcohol. Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains that can be saturated or unsaturated, while glycerol serves as the backbone to which these fatty acids attach. Phosphate groups are often found in phospholipids, contributing to their role in cell membranes. Alcohols may vary but often include substances like choline, serine, or ethanolamine, which can further influence lipid function and properties.

What material is used to make a wheatstone bridge?

A wheatsone bridge is an electrical circuit made from 4 resistors, 3 of a precisely known value and a 4th of unknown value which we want to measure. There is also a volt meter. See Wikipedia link for circuit diagram and more info.

Does salt water ruin batteries?

I'm not sure about salt water but i got loads of water in my electric toothbrush once and it was soaked but it still worked

What is a resistor?

A resistor is a device that resists, or limits, the flow of electric current through itself. The more resistance a thing has, the more it limits current (at the same voltage). In a circuit, resistance and current are inversely proportional. The more the resistance, the more current will be limited and the less current will actually flow. Resistors pay a price for limiting current - they create heat.

In other words, resistors convert electrical energy into heat energy.

It might be convenient to divide resistors into just two groups for this discussion (though there are many possible ways to catagorize them). Resistors might be though of as electronic components, or as thermal elements in a device or equipment. A resistor "sorta" conducts current flow, but it heats up as a consequence to having current "forced" through it by some applied voltage. If the resistor is an appliance, it is probably being used specifically to generate the heat, because the heat is what is desired. We need to dry our hair, or the clothes. We want to make toast or coffee or bacon. Incandescent lights could be seen as resistors, but we don't (usually) use them to generate heat. Heating elements, or thermal elements, are heaters - resistive heaters. In electronics equipments, resistors are included in circuit designs to "develop" voltage and to limit current. They are an integral part of the electronics world, and anyone entering in will be seeing them and solving a number of problems with resistance, current and voltage within a short time of arriving.

Do i need a voltage regulator?

Whether you need a voltage regulator depends on your specific application. If you're using devices that require a stable voltage and your power supply fluctuates, a voltage regulator is essential to protect those devices. For projects with sensitive electronics or batteries, incorporating a voltage regulator ensures consistent performance and longevity. In contrast, if your power source is already stable and matches your device's requirements, a regulator may not be necessary.

I dropped my phone in the toilet and I dried it and blow dried it then used a vacuum on it and I was wondering if it's late to save the phone if it makes a buzzing noise when the battery is put in?

1. Take the phone out of any holster.

2. Open the case. Take all the doors off of the phone.

3. Take the battery out and put it aside.

4. Get an oven thermometer. Put it in the oven where you can see it.

5. Pre heat the oven in your stove to some temperature.

6. Put the phone on a disposable paper plate.

7. Turn the oven off. Watch the thermometer as the oven cools.

8. When the temperature is down around 150 , put the phone in the oven.

9. When the temperature is down around 80 , take the phone out.

10. If you're ambitious, do the whole thing again, beginning with pre-heat the oven.

11. Put the battery in and reassemble the phone. DON'T turn it on.

12. Wire the phone up to charge the battery for an hour.

13. NOW check the phone. Turn it on and see what it does. Maybe take it

into a store that sells that kind of phone. Better ... take it into a store that

SERVICES that kind of phone. Have them look iot over and check it out.

14. See what you've got. THEN make the decision.

What is the total voltage of 2 1.5 voltage cells where the minus is facing the minus?

1.5V if measured across the + and - terminals, otherwise 0V. When measured at points with identical potential (voltage), there is no difference between voltage levels and no current flows.

Why main switch use in the rest of the circuits in the house?

A main switch controls the entry of power into the property. Inside the property there may be several circuits that are individually switched

Does the 1988 Nissan 300ZX 2 seater have a voltage regulator?

Hi there All vehicles have a regulator, in the past it was more common to have a separate unit but most vehicles these days have a built in regulator in the alternatorOn Nissan vehicles some models have an external regulator and some an internal. Hitachi and Mitsubi alternators are used. To identify which one you have, (if the id stickers are missing or illegible) is to see how many wires come out of the unit. The alternator with a separate or external regulator has about 3 or 4 wires leading to it. One thick one for the main charge and then two or more thinner ones for the field wire and earth The units with the builit in regulator have only two wires. One for the charge light and one for the supply.I hope this is of help to youregardsRogueYou can visit this site which has an on line manual

http://www.300zx-twinturbo.com/cgi-bin/manual.cgi?list=el&dir=&config=&refresh=&cycle=off&scale=0&design=default&total=133

What happens to the charge if you double the voltage across a capacitor?

In order to double the voltage across a capacitor,

you need to stuff twice as much charge into it.

How do you set up an RC circuit that will keep a 12V lamp on for 4 seconds after depressing the switch?

Use a transistor to drive a small relay. When the switch is pressed it should turn on the transistor and at the same time charge a small capacitor. Discharge the capacitor over 4 second time period with a resistor. You will have to experiment with resistors to find one that gives an acceptable discharge rate. Note, if the 12V lamp is running DC you can drive it directly with the transistor and forget about the relay.

What would happen to the voltage when the resistors are ten time larger than have be given?

If all the resistors in a circuit are changed by the same amount, including internal resistances of voltage and current sources, the voltages throughout the circuit remain unchanged. The currents will change though.

If the internal resistances of voltage and current sources remain unchanged it is more complicated and will have to be computed on a case by case basis.