Digestive System

The cheese sandwich's journey begins when it is taken into the mouth, this process is ingestion. Whilst in the mouth, the large particles are broken down into much smaller particles, by chewing, which also mixes the food with saliva which contains a carbohydrase enzyme. This amylase digests the starch in the sandwich to glucose. The saliva is produced in the three salivary glands. These are called, parotid, sublingual and submandibular.

When the sandwich is swallowed, the food reaches the oesophagus. The reason why the food goes down the oesophagus rather than the windpipe is that a flap called the epiglottis drops over the windpipe stopping the sandwich particles from getting into the lungs.

The oesophagus links the mouth and the stomach together, so the particles of the cheese sandwich enter the stomach organ next, where the food mixes with a protease enzyme which digests protein. The carbohydrates which were digested in the mouth were used in the human body for energy. There is high of starch content in the bread of the cheese sandwich. The carbohydrates are like a body fuel. Professional sportsmen and women need a diet high in carbohydrates because they are active and need energy. Protein, on the other hand which will be found in cheese is used for building cells. Proteins are vital for growth and to repair damaged areas of the human body. Hydrochloric acid is present in the stomach to kill bacteria. It has a low pH, and the enzymes produced by the stomach work best in acidic conditions.

The food empties from the stomach into the duodenum where it is mixed with enzymes and salts produced by the liver and enzymes made in the pancreas. The pancreas secretes three main enzyme types: protease enzymes, carbohydrase enzymes and also lipase enzymes run into the duodenum at the top the small intestine, where it continues its journey. The fats in the sandwich, which are in the butter and the cheese, are also used for energy. Fats act as a store of energy, which are used only when the carbohydrates run out. If there is too much fat it will store up and become obvious to other people that too much is stored. Bile is also alkaline to give the correct pH for the enzymes in the small intestine. The small intestine produces more enzymes to further digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Around the oesophagus and throughout the small intestine (duodenum and the 20ft long ileum) are circular muscles which press the sandwich particles along in a contacting and relaxing motion, so the food gets pressed along. This contracting and relaxing motion is called peristalsis. The muscles responsible for peristalsis need to be regularly exercised. The way these muscles get exercised is not just by normal foods going down and the muscles pressing the particles along. They become stronger by fibre going down and because fibre is difficult to digest the muscles have to press hard and like any other muscles in the human body, they become stronger when they are worked on.

In the small intestine are millions of villi. These are small, but visible to the human eye, finger like structures which line the small intestine and are perfect for absorbing the food. The main reason why villi are so good at absorbing food is that they have a thin layer of outer cells, which act as a cell, called micro-villi. Whilst villi are structures, micro-villi are tiny cells outside the villi. The villi also have a high blood supply and provide a big surface area for absorption. In the small intestine the food is absorbed through the gut wall into the blood, which takes it around the body to wherever the particles are needed. The job of the enzymes in the small intestine is also to break down the foods.

Chemical digestion, under the control of enzymes throughout the digestive system, takes up to twenty four hours to complete, depending on what the is being digested. Ultimately this is very thorough. Mechanical digestion on the other hand is done mostly in the mouth (where the teeth are biting down the cheese sandwich into much smaller pieces), but also in the stomach which churns food through muscular action. Mechanical digestion happens quickly but is less thorough at breaking down food. Only particles which have been chemically digested are able to pass through into the blood through the cell wall.

The next part of the digestive system is the large intestine. Here the water is absorbed so it is not wasted and passed out with the faeces. Water plays a major part in digestion as 75% of our body is made up of water. The rectum stores the waste products and non-digestible food and completes the re-absorption of water. Finally, when convenient, the waste faeces are passed out of the body through the anus. This is called egestion.

The mouth. Then through pharynx. Then through oesophagus. Then to stomach. Then through duodenum. Then through small intestine. Then through large intestine. Then through rectum and finally through anal canal. The process of digestion starts from the mouth only. It is no more called as food at the end of small intestine. It becomes waste product of digestion there onwards. Though this waste product of digestion also does few important functions in your body.

horses, rabbits and guinea pigs are all modified monogastrics

We were given what was called Parrish Food during the war, it was a rather thick liquid brown/red color. Also we had Cod Liver Oil and Malt, just as it sounds, the malt was just like caramel toffee, it helped the cod liver oil go down. We lined up each night before bed time, we had hot Horllcks and then these tonics. Supposed to help our nutritional needs while food was rationed.

if you want to be more technical:

When you chew a Ham sandwich the teeth grind down the ham and the bread, the saliva breaks down the carbohydrates, using an enzyme called amaylase, in the bread, reducing them to maltose, as well as lubricating the food making its transtion down the throat easier.

When the food reaches the stomach(lumen) it is churned in the stomach acid, and the cheese is digested by an enzyme called pepsin.

When the pepsin has broken down the cheese in to poly-peptides the remainder of the food is passed down to the duodenum (also classed as the lumen), i think its under the stomach. Then in the duodenum the pancreas egests some more amaylase to breakdown the remainder of the carbohydrates, protases to breakdown the polypeptides into tripeptides and dipeptides, peptidases for the tripeptides and dipeptides into amino acids, and lipase for the butter to break it down into monogylcerides and fatty acids.

Then its passed to the intestines where the remaining sugars from the carbohydrates are broken down into glucose. then all the nutrients and stuff are absorbed and the waste comes outta ya.

The digestive system of ruminants consists of four stomach.

It does not take a long time, the mouth is the first part of the digestive system.

That's what mothers tell their kids to prevent them from swallowing the gum. In reality, the stomach can't digest the gum matter and it is passed through the intestines along with the other non-processed waste, usually around 48 hours.

No. Freezing is when you take something that is in the liquid or vapor phase and turn it into a solid. Your stomach is already solid, so it is impossible to freeze your stomach. You can make your stomach very cold though, and if you eat something that is cold enough it might even cause ice crystals to form where they don't belong, causing cellular damage.

Technically, portions of your stomach are liquid, so they can freeze - if exposed to something cold enough, like liquid nitrogen - but regular ice cream is not cold enough. Commercial freezers like you get in a store or your home do not get cold enough to make ice cream freeze your stomach. Also, as Ice cream gets colder it gets harder and harder, and long before you would have problems with it inside your tummy it would be impossible to scrape out of the tub.

Crab meat is an easily digested protein, and is an excellent choice for people with digestive issues. There is no literature explaining the digestive process of crab.

While there are more advantages than disadvantages of a monogastric digestive system, there are still disadvantages that exist. Animals with a monogastric digestive system are unable to extract energy from the cellulose that they consume in their foods.

Slightly over 165 12 oz beers.

Well, I actually accidentally ate some expired bacon today. Depends on how old it is. This bacon was three months because nobody in family thinks to rotate the fridge when I'm at college. Pretty sure I have a mild case of food poisoning: stomach hurts a lot, and have a mean case of the runs. Would not recommend you attempt.

Papaya enzyme is used to treat gastrointestinal tract disorders and infections. It is also used as a diuretic and a sedative.

Camelids, like camels, alpacas and llamas. They are not ruminants because they do not have a rumen, but they are not non-ruminants either, because they still have three chambers in their stomachs that act like a true ruminant's and eat the same forages like any ruminant would.

Lungs, Heart, Brain, Kidneys.

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Digestive organs food does not pass through:

Liver

Pancreas

Salivary glands

Gallbladder

Hope this is what you were actually getting at. There are a plethora of organs that food doesn't pass through including, but not limited to:

All of the above organs

Skin

Eyes

Bones

Nose (hopefully)

glands of any sort

Gonads

The list continues, but there you go.

Corn can never be fully digested by the human digestive system. This is because corn contains cellulose, which cannot be digested by humans.

cellulose which is present in grass can be digested by ruminants but cannot be digested by humans

First off, the carbonation in all sodas including pepsi is comprised of Carbon Dioxide, the same compound that you exhale. Putting something in your body that your body exters energy to get rid of is not a good thing. The combination of the carbonation and the acidity of pepsi can over time eat away at your stomach lining over time. Drinking soda can also inhibit your body's ability to abosrb and metabolize calcium. Another terrible ingredient in pepsi is caffeine. Caffeine acts as a stimulant by tricking your body into releasing sugar (glucose) from intercellular stores. The reason this glucose is there in the first place is because you need it for emergencies. When you are walking around the corner and someone spooks you and you experience a sudden sense of alertness and energy, that is the glucose and adrenaline from your intercellular stores. Your body only keeps a limited amount of glucose handy. The rest is converted into fat. Depleting your body of the necessary stored glucose does NOT end up burning fat, it only results in a sugar crash. I have about five other reasons why soda is bad but that's all for now

The human digestive system takes roughly 72 hours between ingestion and excretion, regardless of the specific food eaten. This is determined by the rate of peristaltic contractions pushing the material along.

Increase your chances of getting drunk or intoxicated. Although it wont alter your alcohol blood level your reaction to the alcohol will change.

Tea is a diuretic. It causes you to urinate more. Drinking excessive amounts would indeed dry you out, but you'd need to drink gallons per day for it to cause constipation. Constipation is usually caused by not eating enough fiber such as you find in fruits and veggies.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, where saliva and chewing both start to digest those kinds of foods.
Mouth, saliva contains the enzyme amylase which breaks down sugars (carbohydrates)

Most of us have probably realized that after eating corn, it shows up in our stool. The corn in our stool can appear only hours after we eat it. Rest assured, corn in the stool is normal, and the reason we see the corn relates largely to our digestive tract, and also to evolution.

Millions of years ago, our digestive systems were different. Primitive man was not a big meat eater. Primitive man had a digestive system with a longer digestive tract that was far better equipped to digest plant and vegetable matter. Back then, the appendix likely played a role in digestion -- a role it does not play today.

Our teeth were different then, too. We had larger molars and smaller incisors. Larger molars meant that the difficult-to-digest plant material could be well chewed and mashed. Today, our teeth are smaller and many of us even have problems with our wisdom teeth (our largest molars), which are being phased out by evolution because our diets today really do not require them. (Our jaws are becoming smaller, and as a result the wisdom teeth have less room to grow in.)

So how does this all relate to corn, and why it is seen in the stool? Since we have smaller teeth, we chew our food less effectively, and more of what we eat is swallowed only partially chewed, or not chewed at all. With corn, some of the kernels will be chewed fully, some partially, and the others will be unchewed and swallowed whole. Our digestive system today is not that good at digesting plant material anymore, much less whole kernels. They pass through our stomach and intestines, and appear in our stool to confound and entertain us.

If you would rather not see any corn in your stool, I recommend that you just chew each mouthful into a mushy mixture free of any whole kernels.

One last point I want to make is that it is not difficult for our digestive systems to pass corn kernels. It is really amazing what the digestive system can tolerate and pass. Drugs are frequently smuggled into the country by individuals who swallow balloons or condoms filled with the drugs. (These people are called "body packers.") In addition, I have read on several occasions about people who unintentionally swallowed their dentures, only to pass the dentures in their stool a few days later. I have also read of children swallowing thermometers passing them just the same.

The human digestive system really is fascinating. But remember that we are slowly evolving over time -- our digestive systems are constantly adapting to our diets and our environments. Our digestive systems of today will not be the same as the digestive systems of humans thousands of years from now. Remember this the next time you enjoy your corn, or broccoli, or any other difficult-to-digest food product -- what kind of food might future generations be spotting in their poop?