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Electrical Wiring

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4,935 Questions

Who invented the electric transformer?

Ottó Bláthy, Miksa Déri, Károly Zipernowsky of the Austro-Hungarian Empire First designed and used the transformer in both experimental, and commercial systems in 1885.

What is the polarity of a circuit?

The polarity of a circuit is dependent upon the type of circuit. Direct current circuits have one negative pole and one positive pole and they flow in one direction. Alternating current circuits the electron flow reverses because the tow poles alternate between negative and positive.

Is wire coating an example of thermosetting plastics?

yes wire coating is an example of thermosetting plastics!!!!

What is the difference between ampere and volt?

Liken volt and amp to a water in a pipe. Voltage is the water pressure in the pipe and amperage is the water flow through the pipe. They are two completely different electrical units.

What is the meaning of DYN 5 on a transformer nameplate?

D is for the primary winding -> triangle Y is for the secondary winding -> star N -> secondary grounded 5 -> phase difference 180 degrees/5 = 30 degrees

If an AC voltage begins rising or going positive at 0 degrees when will it reach its maximum negative value?

It's a sine wave (if there is no distortion). Voltage is zero at 0 degrees, at its positive peak at 90 degrees, back to zero at 180 degrees, at its negative peak at 270 degrees, and back to zero at 360 degrees.

What is varley loop test?

A varley loop test is a test used to find the earth fault location in an underground cable. It uses the Wheatstone bridge to help determine the distance from the test point to a fault in a telephone or telegraph line or cable.

Determine the secondary and primary current for a transformer which has primary voltage 1440V and secondary 240V and turns ratio of 6 if the secondary is loaded with a resistive load of 60 ohms?

An ideal lossless transformer with a primary voltage of 1440 and a secondary voltage of 240 will deliver 4 amperes to a 60 ohm load by ohms law 240 volts divided by 60 ohms causes 4 amperes to flow through the 60 ohm load. The power delivered to the 60 ohm load will be 4 amperes times the 240 volts or 960 watts. The current in the primary is divided by the primary to secondary ratio of 6. Thus, the primary current will be 4 amperes divided by 6 or 2/3 ampere. The power going into the primary will be 1440 volts times 2/3 amperes or 960 watts. In a real transformer there is losses that make the numbers change. The output voltage will be slightly less and the resistance and reactance of the windings lower the output.

2 form c relay?

A 2 Form C relay is a DPDT relay that does Break-before-make

If you're born on July 22 what zodiac sign are you?

The Cancer zodiac sign applies to those born June 22nd-July 22nd. The Leo zodiac sign applies to those born July 23rd-August 22nd. You would officially be a Cancer, but you're right on the cusp, so some astrologists would say both zodiac signs apply to you.

Why do you have to put batteries in a certain position in flashlights?

You have + and - on batteries, the polarities have to be in the same direction or the current won't flow.

How do you calculate voltage drop for 6.6 kv whose length is 3000m load is 1 MW?

THIS CONSIDERATIONS SHOULD BE STRICKLY FOLLOWED: SOUND ENGINEERING AND ACCEPTABLE ECONOMICS; 1.DEFINE DEMAND LOAD - BASED ON ACTUAL SYSTEM VOLTAGE AND PHASE. 2. ONE WAY LENGTH OF CABLE - FT. (AWG) OR MTR. (SQ.MM) SELECTION 3. MULTIPLY BY 125% TO THE CALCULATED LINE CURRENT TO GET AMPACITY REFERENCE 4. LOOK OR SELECT THAT NEAREST RESULT TO ANY LOCAL MEDIUM VOLTAGE CABLE SUPPLIER CATALOGUE OR NEC TABLES AND MATCH IT TO CORRESPONDING CABLE SIZE. 5. APPLY DERATING FACTORS - ALSO AVAILABLE TO NEC OR CABLE SUPPLIERS AND DEFINE THE FF: A. MEDIUM OF INSTALLATION - TRANSMISSION TOWER, PVC OR RSC CONDUIT, CABLE TRAY OR CABLE LADDER OR TRUNKING, THROUGH, ETC. B. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE - INDOOR OR OUTDOOR? C. GROUP FACTOR - CONSIST OF CABLE SPACING AND DISTANCE TO WALL OR INSIDE CONDUIT INSTALLED IN TRAYS OR UNDERGROUND 6. APPLY DERATION IN WHICH RESULT IS LESS THAN ONE (1) TO THE PRE-SELECTED CABLE - THIS IS NOW YOUR ACTUAL FOR SELECTED CABLE 7. DEFINE REQUIRED OR ACCEPTED VOLTAGE DROP IN PERCENT VALUE 8. NOW USE THIS FORMULA: VDapp(APPLICABLE VOLTAGE DROP) = %Voltage Drop x Actual Voltage x 1000 divided by Derated Current x One Way Length x 100 9. THE RESULT WILL HAVE A UNIT OF -- mV/A.Mtr OR MILLIVOLT PER AMPERE-METER 10. NOW COMPARE IT TO AVAILABLE TABLES FOR VOLTAGE DROPS OF CABLES - IF IT IS LOWER THEN SELECT THE NEXT SIZE OR WHICH EVER MEET THE REQUIREMENT.

What is the Voltage drop for 70 foot run 300 watt 12 volt ac circuit?

IF USING A COPPER AT 105 DEG. CELSIUS - 70 FT. ONE-WAY LENGTH: TO GET AT VOLTAGE DROP = 3.72% AT 25 AMP LOAD ---- USE #1 AWG TO GET AT VOLTAGE DROP = 2.94% AT 25 AMP LOAD ---- USE #1/0 AWG TO GET AT VOLTAGE DROP = 1.85% AT 25 AMP LOAD ---- USE #3/0 AWG

An NPN transistor is correctly biased and turned on if the?

If the EBJ is forward baise and the CBJ is reverse baised then the transistor will in the active/forward mode of operation.

What is an insulator of electricity?

a insulator of electricity is a material that insulates, especialy a nonconuctor of sound,heat,or electricity.

How do you install a GFCI so it is always on to a two way light switch that controls a vent and a light in a bathroom?

Your question sounds simple but it isn't. There are two ways of wiring a light to a switch.

One is to bring the hot and neutral wire to the switch box and from there run wires from the switch to the light. If this is the case you can install a GFCI on the circuit.

The other way is to bring the hot and neutral wire to the light and from there run two wires to the switch and switch the light that way. In this case you cannot install a GFCI to in the switch box.

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The way you want the circuit to work has to be laid out as follows.

Method one, the circuit that now controls the bathroom devices can be changed to a GFCI breaker. This is probably the quickest and cheapest, unless the job is new construction.

Method two, if new construction use this method, as tearing walls open to get to the wiring will become costly. Where a supply circuit comes from the service distribution panel the first device on that circuit has to be a GFCI receptacle. This device has secondary terminals on it, that if connected every device downstream from it will also be protected. So if you supply the two way light switch that controls the vent fan and a bathroom light from the secondary terminals from the GFCI receptacle they will be protected.

What is 440MCM wire?

'MCM' stands for 'thousand circular mils'. A 'circular mil' is used in North America to represent the area of a circular-section conductor. It is defined as the conductor's diameter, expressed in 'mils' (one-thousandth of an inch), squared.

Of course, squaring a diameter of a circle doesn't actually result in a true area, so the circular mil (CM) is simply a figure that 'represents' an area.

Somewhat confusingly, in this context, 'M', means one-thousand (from the Latin, 'mille'), not one-million (M = 'mega') as it would in the metric system.

For measuring rectangular-section conductors, the 'square mil' is used -this is the product of the two sides of the rectangular, each expressed in mils.

This system of measurement is unique to North America; most other countries use the square millimetre to represent conductor sizes.

Who invented LED?

In the fall of 1961, while working at Texas Instruments Inc., James R. Biard and Gary E. Pittman found that gallium arsenide (GaAs) emitted infrared light when electric current was applied. On Aug. 8th, 1962, Biard and Pittman filed a patent based on their findings titled "Semiconductor Radiant Diode" (U.S. Patent US3293513). After establishing the priority of their work based on engineering notebooks predating submissions from G.E. Labs, RCA Research Labs, IBM Research Labs, Bell Labs, and Lincoln Labs at MIT, the U.S. patent office issued the two inventors the first patent for the infrared (IR) light-emitting diode, the first modern LED. After filing the patent, Texas Instruments immediately began a project to manufacture infrared diodes. They announced the first commercial LED product (the SNX-100) in October of 1962.

What is a shorted turn?

A shorted winding means the insulation of the winding wires is deteriorated or burned and hence the current no longer takes the designed path. A coil or a winding on a transformer is a length of well-insulated wire wound in a tight spiral, usually around some sort of former, made of a dry insulation material such as plastic, card or wood, with a magnetic core. A coil can have anywhere from 1 turn (loop) to thousands of turns. For proper operation the windings must all be insulated from each other, that is, the conductors of the wires must not touch each other electrically. (Even though the insulated wires must of course touch each other physically.) If the insulation becomes frayed or worn, or is damaged in some way, perhaps by too much heat or voltage, the insulation on some of the wires can be damaged so that two or more of the turns end up touching each other electrically. This in effect short-circuits such turns of the winding. Because a shorted turn is a closed loop around the magnetic core, it ends up getting a massive current induced into it which causes that shorted turn to get very hot, often so much that it catches fire. This heat causes the insulation of other nearby turns to fail in the same way and this process then rapidly cascades until the whole coil of wire either catches fire or the supply of current is cut. It can be cut either by a protective breaker or fuse or, if this does not happen soon enough, sometimes a turn or turns melt under the intense heat, thus breaking the circuit. In either case, even though the current ends up being cut off, the coil itself is ruined and has to be replaced before the appliance it is serving can be used again.

Why -48 volt is used in telecom equipment?

To prevent wire corrosion. Most phone wire is copper, and it is stripped and exposed to air at many points along its path from the telephone company central office to your phone. Also, breaks in insulation could expose small parts of it to water or soil. Any of these will allow the wire to corrode, and the usual methods of corrosion are that copper in the wire is converted to copper oxide or copper carbonate. Both of those happen as a chemical reaction where copper atoms act as positively charged ions to combine with negatively charged oxygen or carbonate ions in water or dirt. A wire with a positive charge will actually draw the negatively charged ions to the wire and will greatly accelerate corrosion. A negative charge will repel the corrosive ions and will slow the corrosion.

A negative charge will cause some copper to be lost due to a process called electro-deplating (reverse of electroplating), but the rate of copper loss is much less than would be caused by copper corrosion with a positive charge.

The phone company power supply acts like a giant battery. They ground the positive site of the supply so that any part of the system has a voltage that is zero or negative, so the whole system resists corrosion better and lasts longer.