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Ethics and Morality
Ethics is about what we should – and should not - do. It includes identification of basic principles, e.g. the prerogatives of property owners; and the application of those principles to actual situations, e.g. copyright protection of intellectual property over the Internet.
2,801 Questions
What is the classification of human acts?
There are two classifications of human acts. These are the elicited acts and the commanded acts. Elicited acts are the actions done by will alone. Commanded acts are those involving both body and mind.
This implies one has a standard to judge what is an act worthy of a human and what is not. Interestingly at the Nuremburg trials Goering said the Nazi actions in the Holocaust were not illegal and therefore not bad since they were following laws enacted by the German parliament. He stated that the trial was just the triumph of the victor over the vanquished. The chief prosecutor appealed to a 'higher standard' of right and wrong by which their actions could be condemned as 'crimes against humanity.' This the Nazis should have known yet ignored.
Every person has innately some sense of what it is to be human. This is why inhumane acts are seen as an aberration or departure from this. The Evolutionary theory in its starkness cannot explain this 'social conscience' but it does fit in with the Biblical view that man is made in God's image and so deserves dignity and respect. The fact that man regularly displays his fallen nature, and that this alienation from self can be noticed serves to highlight the reality of a higher ideal which we recognize as humanity.
- but not all human acts are possible to do because of the gravity of the earth.
Is ethical relativism an oxymoron?
Ethical relativism is an oxymoron for many reasons. The discipline of ethics involves the identification and prioritization of principles that are rational, inherently and objectively good for human beings and applicable to all. Universal conceptions of popular human virtues, such as love, tolerance, justice, equality and courage, and ethical principles concerning respect, conscience and human dignity, all entail a recognition of their inherent goodness and their universally-desired natures. Aristotelian virtue ethics, natural law principles and Kantian (or deontological) ethics all demonstrate the objective, rational and universal nature of various ethical principles that have existed for centuries.
The study of ethics without such principles may lead one to the conclusion that ethics is relative. But such a conclusion is neither rational nor justifiable.
The irrational and illogical nature of ethical relativism can be quickly demonstrated by reference to its supreme virtues of tolerance and non-judgment. If ethical relativism is correct, then values and virtues are relative to something, either an individual or a culture we presume. But which is it? Can an individual disagree with his own culture? On this relativists cannot agree. According to a cultural relativist the culture defines what is right and wrong for its members and, in essence, is infallible. An individual relativist who sincerely disagrees with his own culture because of his personal upbringing or experiences may quickly be considered to be wrong or immoral by the culture itself. Such a judgment is made but often seen as prohibited by ethical relativists since it is moral NOT to judge. Indeed, it is often taught by relativists that tolerance is the only acceptable course of moral action. It should be plain from all of this that judgment is inevitable (even between relativists) and that tolerance must either be followed as a universal virtue or perceived as a requirement that all actions and practices are morally equivalent because they are neither inherently good nor bad, nor right and wrong. On what basis can a relativist even begin to make such judgments?
The simple answer is that even relativists make judgments based on universal principles, the very concepts that they deny exist. They just don't admit this. The study of the philosophy of relativism in western civilization demonstrates that its earliest origins are found in the ancient Greek philosophy of the Sophists. Sophists like Protagoras taught that man was the measure of all things and that man can control the circumstances of his happiness through conformity and the pursuit of power. Thus, ethical relativism affirms that power, not tolerance, is really the supreme virtue and that nothing, except perhaps power, is inherently good or bad. Consequently, the practice of actual relativism cannot be said to be logical or consistent with the primary tasks and functions of ethics and morality.
List two reasons why divine command theory is not a proper ground for ethics?
First, not everyone believes in a Devine creator so even though one person may believe that their gods' commandments maybe holy it does not mean that the person next to him has the same belief. Essentially it boils down to: everyone's moral and ethical beliefs vary. Divine command theory fails when you're speaking to someone who is not of "Faith" because their moral foundation may not be that of God. Another one would possibly be the vilitiy of those ethics. Just as anything, Christiananity cannot be proved. I cannot be proved through science or reason or logic. People can accumulate evidence to support it or to attack it but neither side can absouletly prove it. That same thing applies to the divine command theory. Since no religion or there lack of religion can be proved neither can the commands of the deities or there lack of deities. Of course, this applies to anything. This is another reason why everything as far as "right and wrong" is an argument with someone somewhere.
What are the Ethical issues of different companies?
It will be more appropriate to ask, what are the ethical issues in various sectors.
Because if we look at companies as a whole, there could be many issues happening in an around it.
For example,
FINANCE SECTOR: Misleading accounting analysis, fraud, Accounting Scandals (ENRON, SATYAM)
MANUFACTURING: Safety is to be given prime importance (Bhopal gas Tragedy, BP oil Spill)
HR Issues: Discrimination, Not paying the employee the right compansation which he deserves, or his work is worth for
Marketing
Infringement of patents, and Copyrights
So on and so forth...
HUMAN ACTS can be any action (words, deeds), good, bad, or neutral. Human acts involve the way we treat each other, our possessions, our animals, and the world.
Positive human acts are how humans comfort, help, console, or act humanely to each other or to animals. Positive actions are often those of our heroes or heroines, our positive role models, of people who inspire us to do better in our own lives.
Negative human acts involve our misuse of power, or our decision to ignore or remain unmindful of the needs we see around us. Actions like harassment, racism, cruelty, killing, rape, torture, and any actions (words, deeds) in which we abuse the power we have are negative human acts.
What are Basic rights to which all people are entitled?
This is a highly philosophical question, but in the United States, you are granted the rights outlined in the "Bill of Rights" of the Constitution, and, theoretically speaking, those outlined in the Declaration of Independence and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is, in effect, a treaty guaranteeing the people of the nations party to it those rights.
Rights guaranteed Citizens of the US:
- Freedom of and from religion
- Freedom of and from the Press
- Freedom of peaceable public assembly
- Freedom to petition the government "for a redress of grievances"
- Freedom of speech
- Freedom to keep and bear arms (ability to have a gun)
- Freedom to refuse quarter of soldiers (quarter = free room and board for the military)
- Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure
- Right to a warrant for specific search and seizure, which can only be given with probable cause
- Right to a speedy, public trial by a jury of peers in both criminal and civil suits
- Freedom from self-incrimination
- Freedom from Eminent Domain "without just compensation"
- Right to Counsel
- Right to know of the accusation of a crime
- Right to know your accuser
- Right to call witnesses in your defense
- Freedom from excessive bail, fines, and fees
- Freedom from cruel and unusal punishment
- Right to due process
- Right to vote or directly elect Senators, serve in the military, and enter into contracts at age 18
- Right to run a campaign for the US House of Representatives beginning at age 25 (with 7 years of citizenship)
- Right to run a campaign for the US Senate at age 30 (with 9 years of citizenship)
- Right to run a campaign for the Presidency at age 35 (only for natural born citizens of the US)
- Right of free movement within the nation
- Freedom to leave and re-enter the nation
- Right to be represented in Congress by at least one Representative and two Senators
- Right to freedom from servitude without due process
- Right to Life, Liberty, and Happiness
- Right to privacy
- Right to know your rights
- Right to matters of public record
- Freedom to work (in other words, the government can't force citizens to remain unemployed)
- Right to compete (in both business and the wide world of sports; once again, this just prohibits the government from impeding your right. Regular citizens can do so with impunity)
- and, All other rights not specifically granted to the states or federal government
What does conventional development morally mean?
Conventional moral develop refers to the normal development of children in overcoming self-centeredness by taking into account the interests and welfare of other people when making decisions. Normally the process results in the development of a conscience, an internal moral compass.
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What is the four considerations pertinent to ethical decisions according to McGinn?
1. Making decision on the rights and wrongs of the action
2. Entering into deontological
3. Failure to use or withdraw from a particular procedure
4. Developments in science and technology are allocated to way that are equitable to one or another social group
What is the properties and consequence of human act?
what are the properties and consequence of human acts
When did the American Marketing Association violated any code of ethics in the last few years?
in 1979
Morals are lessons learned from a story or personal beliefs that tell an individual what is right and wrong.
An example of a literary moral would be slow and steady wins the race, or that a person that takes their time will find more success than someone that rushes while doing a task.
Personal morals differ person to person, and some examples could be
- honesty
- loyalty
- courage
- selflessness
etc.
Whp knows the meaning of life?
To understand the meaing of LIFE you have to understand very other meanings and ask very other questions.
You have to:
1- Understand yourself.
2- Understand the physical world and the very other dimensions.
3- Understand the concept of energy.
4- Understand the concept of meditation, meaning and cause of action.
5- Understand that there is Phisical and NON physical.
If you try to understand the first 5 topics you can understand my answer.
Answer:
What the human beeing calls life refers to the material body that has "life" and its counter as death, is when the body stops working. They consider that life is learning while walking on a path that you chose by your actions until your body stops.
The Real Answer:
You were born as what you call spirit on a Quasar star by the power Source LOVE and will of God itself. The Light Civilizations evolved to a state that cannot consider a beeing to be inteligent without learning all meanings, aspects and emotions there are to learn, so they imbue you in on a physical body that is capable of this specific development. You are corrently on the 4 dimension of consiousness. and you are part of god with all its capabilities.
There are several kinds of energetic beeings, wich they are connected to the DNA contain on a body. This only alows spirits of the contained DNA to reborn on this bodies.
The Human beeing was created to fill a specific purpose that was needed specificly for these Entities. They didnt feel conected to God and they asked to evolve again, learn what pain is, so they could consider their future world a better place ratter then good without meaning.
Living on a physical body is to Uplift the consiouness and understanding of the Omniverse.
We are already very close to the 5th dimension. Dont worry, the pain wont last long ;)
Big hug my brothers,
Micael Sunlight.
What are negative and positive rights?
Negative rights are rights that are respected by inaction. For example, privacy is a negative right since people can respect your right to privacy by not doing things that violate your privacy.
Positive rights are rights that require action to respect it. For example, health care would be a positive right because if you have a right to healthcare, people have to actually work to respect that right by providing health care.
What are ethical implications?
It means the morality implied by something, like how the right to privacy is implied by the Constitution.
Or the moral(s) that aren't specifically stated by something. For example, the ethical implications of a policy that encouraged frequent lay-offs would be something harsh, like "survival of the fittest" or worse, like "social Darwinism."
Ethical implications is how the possible outcomes of a situation will affect everyone's best interests.
How to establish a system to monitor audit and enforce ethical standards?
establishing systems to monitor, audit and enforce ethical standards
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The phrase is morally defective. It means a person who has totally lost his or her sense of right and wrong. (Alternate phrase: morally bankrupt)
