History of Judaism

The author is not named, but many Jewish and Christian scholars believe that Samuel wrote the first 24 chapters, and Nathan, Gad, or an anonymous author using the records of the three prophets wrote the remainder of I Samuel, and all of II Samuel.

There was originally only one Book of Samuel but it was so long that it was difficult to produce on one papyrus scroll, which had practical limitations on length. Eventually Samuel was split into two books, 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel.

Samuel can be seen to be very closely integrated with 1 Kings (and then 2 Kings) and has very much the same style, to the point that they would appear to be almost the same book if not separated by their titles. In fact, the Books of Samuel are considered by biblical scholars to be part of the Deuteronomic history, which was written by the anonymous author we now call the Deuteronomist, in the seventh century BCE.

He did not institute pogroms - he tried to unite the varied peoples of the empire he took over from Persia.

His killings, apart from the slaughter of conquest and putting down rebellions, were the execution of some of his generals he thought disloyal or plotting against him.

The British White Paper of 1939, effectively banning all Jewish migration to the Mandate of Palestine, was still in effect after the Holocaust. It was not until the State of Israel was established that ships bringing Holocaust survivors to the area were legally permitted. However, during the Jewish-Arab Engagement of 1947-1949, the Israeli government lost control of the Old City and Jordan forcibly evicted all of the Jewish residents of the Old City. It would not be until 1967 and the Israeli reunification of the city that Holocaust survivors would be able to go to the Old City of Jerusalem.

Samaritans originally were Israelites of the Northern Kingdom (2 Kings 17:29). After the 721 B.C. exile, a "remnant of Israel" remained in the land. Assyrian captives from distant places also settled there (2 Kings 17:24). This led to the intermarriage of some, though not all, Jews with Gentiles and to widespread worship of foreign gods. By the time the Jews returned to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple and the walls of Jerusalem, Ezra and Nehemiah refused to let the Samaritans share in the experience (Ezra 4:1-3; Neh. 4:7). The old antagonism between Israel to the north and Judah to the south intensified the quarrel. In the days of Jesus, the relationship between the Jews and the Samaritans was greatly strained (Luke 9:52-54; 10:25-37; 17:11-19; John 8:48). The animosity was so great that the Jews went an extra distance through the barren land of Perea on the eastern side of the Jordan to avoid going through Samaria.

refused to reopen the case

Evidence came to light in 1896-primarily through an investigation instigated by Georges Picquart, head of counter-espionage-identifying a French Army major named Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy as the real culprit. After high-ranking military officials suppressed the new evidence, a military court unanimously acquitted Esterhazy after a trial lasting only two days.

Nine hundred sixty committed suicide, according to Josephus, however, we must remember that is including women, children and elders, not just warrior zealots. Note that the 960 number is only for the suicides. There were others who died there during skirmishes leading up to and during the siege.

Also, modern archaeological digs found far fewer remains than Josephus reported. Whether this is because the 960 is an inflated number or because many of the bodies were taken elsewhere for internment is unknown.

The suppression of the Bar Kokhba rebellion of 132-136 necessitated the mobilisation of as much as 1/3 of the Roman army with legions brought in from around the Roman Empire. It is estimated that forces from 12 legions participated in Severus' final campaign; that is some 60,000 soldiers. According to Cassius Dio 580,000 Jews were killed and 58 towns and 985 villages were destroyed and many more died of starvation or disease. After this Hadrian tried to stamp out Judaism, which is saw as a cause of sedition. He banned the Torah and the Hebrew calendar, had the sacred scroll burnt and executed some Jewish scholars. The Jews were not allowed into the Jerusalem, (except on the day of Tisha B'Av) which he decided to rebuild as a Roman city and renamedit Aelia Capitolina (after the name of his clan and that of the god Jupiter Optimus Capitolinus). He erected ta statue of Jupiter (the most important Roman god ) and one of himself at the former Temple sanctuary. In an attempt to erase any memory of Judea, he abolished the name Judea and replaced it with Syria Palaestina (after the Philistines).

Jews didn't all come here; they stayed in Europe but in places that stayed free. The answer to your question is the Nazis wanted to kill them. Hitler hated the Jewish people and put them in concentration camps where they were ultimately tortured to death. Lack of food and all kinds of awful things killed millions of Jewish men, women, and children.

Yes the United Nations has intervened in the Israeli - Arab conflicts. The most recent time several years ago when the UN authorized placing French "observers" in southern Lebanon to make sure no missiles could be fired into Israel.

This action failed as missiles were launched into Israel from southern Lebanon. The result was an invasion of Lebanon by Israel. Also Israel launched air attacks on Beirut.

Ernest Henry Shackleton (1874-1922) was a British explorer who commanded three expeditions to the Antarctic (1907-09, 1914-17, 1921-22), during which the South Magnetic Pole was located in 1909.

Moses was an Israelite, a great-great grandson of Jacob. He was born 245 years after the death of Abraham. The time when Moses was born was when the Pharaoh ordered his people to kill all Jewish male infants because he (Pharaoh) was afraid that the Israelites would become too strong for him (Exodus ch.1-2). Moses' mother didn't want him to die. So she made a basket for him and put him in it to float in the Nile reeds. He was found by the Pharaoh's daughter, who took pity on him (Exodus ch.2) and raised him as her own son. He was forced to flee after killing a cruel Egyptian taskmaster, and went to Midian, where he wedded the daughter of Jethro. He eventually achieved the highest level of prophecy (Deuteronomy ch.34) and was called upon by God (Exodus ch.3). He brought the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery (Exodus ch.12). He received the Torah from God (Exodus 24:12) and later recorded it in writing (Deuteronomy 31:24). He went up on Mount Sinai for 40 days and nights (Deuteronomy ch.9-10) and brought down the Two Stone Tablets with the Ten Commandments (Exodus 31:18). He brought the Israelites into the covenant with God (Exodus ch.19 and ch.24), and he oversaw the building of the Tabernacle (Exodus ch.35-40). He was the humblest of men and the greatest of prophets (Numbers ch.12).

In the Netherlands, Jews were required to wear the yellow star by the Nazi-dominated government there as of May 2, 1942.

For purposes of clarification: An earlier equivalent decree applicable to Germany (including Austria and the absorbed Czech areas) came into effect on September 19, 1941.

The major event preceding the Babylonian captivity was the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Jewish holy temple in the city.

Russian Jews have been moving to Israel since the late 1800s early 1900s since before the Soviet Union was around and before Israel was even a country. But in mass, Russian Jews moved to Israel in the 1970s and late 1980s when the Soviet Union opened up its boarders to Jews wishing to reunite with family in Israel. After the fall of the Soviet Union many Jews moved to Israel as well, but on a slightly smaller scale at that point.

There were Jewish communities throughout the Galilee (Israel); Rome, Bari, Otrento, Lucca (Italy); Cyrenaica (Libya); Alexandria (Egypt); Athens (Greece); Carthage, Antioch; Marseilles (Gaul); Sicily; Cyprus; Tyre, Sidon; Spain; Rhodes; Turkey, and more.

This was in the Temple of Jerusalem. The Holy of Holies was the innermost room of the Temple that contained, among other things, the Ark of the Covenant of the Israelites. It was in this room that the Jews believed God dwelt and consequently only the high priest was able to enter this room, and then only on a special day once a year. The room was separated from the rest of the temple roooms by a long, heavy curtain, woven in one piece, that symbolised the division between God and humans. At the death of Christ, the gospel writers record that there was an earthquake and the curtain of this temple was torn in two from top to bottom - a very symbolic event for the Jews as this symbolised that at Jesus' death and his salvation for us all, the curtain separating man from God was no longer there - and that the relationship between humans and God was restored.

Jack Dreyfus was born on August 28, 1913 and died on March 27, 2009. Jack Dreyfus would have been 95 years old at the time of death or 101 years old today.

This is difficult question, as "Jew" is a tribal/racial group, a socio-political group, and a religious group.

What we currently would label the "Abrahamic" Jews (that is, followers of the Jewish religion as defined by Abraham, and a member of the "original" Jewish tribes) are mostly descendants of one of a multitude of small tribes in the Trans-Jordan area (modern Jordan, Israel, Syria, Lebanon, and Eqypt). Abraham probably lived sometime in the early second millennium BCE (likely 1800-1600 BCE), and the local tribe most associated with the beginnings of Judaism are the Israelites, who lived in the area of modern-day Greater Israel around 1100-1600 BCE.

She was a Catholic.

1) The route of Abraham from Ur to Harran and Canaan.

2) The route of Abraham to Egypt and back.

3) The route of Jacob to Harran and back.

4) The route of the Israelites from Egypt to Canaan.

The first and third of the above, followed the curve of the Fertile crescent, skirting north of the Syrian Desert.

Abraham's route to Egypt could have followed the coast or the Jordan valley.

The route of the Israelites was a convoluted one.

Zionists did not play any part in the Holocaust.