Information Science and Libraries

When water is added to flour, it hydrates the protein gluten and starch molecules in the flour, causing them to swell and absorb moisture. This process activates the gluten, resulting in the formation of a cohesive dough. This dough can then be kneaded and shaped to create various baked goods.

Condensation is the process in which a substance changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state. This occurs when the gas loses energy (usually in the form of heat) and becomes more tightly packed together, forming liquid droplets.

cells divide because of:

-growth

-development

-repair

i just was at school today something flew on my head im pretty sure it was black but it landed on my head bit me and left this mint/garbage/perfume smell there for bout an hour! i thought it was a stink bug but im not sure help me with this tho! also i cant anwser this question i just want to know whats wrong with the bug

Diamond is often considered one of the hardest naturally occurring materials in the world. However, a synthetic material called aggregated diamond nanorods has been found to be even harder, making it one of the hardest solids known to date.

Entropy is the measure of chaos or disorder in a closed system. For example: imagine an empty room with a single cup of tea (or coffee if you are American) on a table in the center of the room. Imagine that the beverage starts it's life at 373 degrees Kelvin (the boiling point of water) and the room is at 300 degrees Kelvin (approx room temperature). If you were to observed how ordered the energy in this room is the cup of tea/coffee would be a highly organized body of energy. This is easiest to imagine if you try and see the room through a thermal imaging camera, the cup would appear very hot while the room would remain cold in comparison. Eventually however (as you may know from experience) leaving a hot drink out for long enough causes it to go cold and therefore undrinkable, if we were to watch this happen through our thermal imaging camera the temperature of the cup would decrease while the temperature of the room would increase very slightly until both are at the same level. This is because energy always moves from a more energetic body into a less energetic one and we rarely observe it going the other way round. It is possible that all the energy from the room could be transfered into the cup all of a sudden and make it white hot while the room freezes but it is so unlikely that we do not expect it to happen.

In short entropy is a measure of the organization of energy in a closed system. If one were to observe the Earth you would see that entropy appears to be moving in reverse, energy is always being more organized. If you take into account the bigger picture that the Sun is the body providing that energy and is, in turn becoming more disordered, we see that eventually entropy always has it's way. You can liken entropy to the owner of a casino, he might get the odd winner in which case entropy is reversed, but in the end there are more losers than winners and so ultimately entropy stays in business. On a grand scale the universe is one such closed system and as Rudolf Clausius initially discovered, the rate of change in entropy in the universe is always higher than 0, so it never goes backwards overall, therefore eventually the universe will be so disordered that no energy can be used or collected without expending energy one doesn't have. This is known as the heat death of the universe and the concept can be summed up with the formula

Δsuniverse > 0 .

In simple terms, entropy is the measure of the level of disorder in a closed but changing system, a system in which energy can only be transferred in one direction from an ordered state to a disordered state. Higher the entropy, higher the disorder and lower the availability of the system's energy to do useful work. Although the concept of entropy originated in thermodynamics (as the 2nd law) and statistical mechanics, it has found applications myriad of subjects such as communications, economics, information science and technology, linguistics, music. In day-to-day life it manifests in the state of chaos in a household or office when effort is not made to keep things in order Entropy is the explanation that a system goes towards a state of disorder.

The smallest life form discovered until today 2010 is an Archaea microbe, roughly 200 nanometers across (the size of a large virus, which is not considered to be alive because of its inability to reproduce independently) found in an abandoned mine in Northern California in 2006 by Brett Baker working with Professor Jill Banfield.

Margin of error in science is where they are doing statics based on a sample known as a representative subset. Samples are picked based on the best information given. But since there is always a chance that not all information or details have been given in selecting the sample it makes it impossible to retrieve a 'true' representative subset. So margin of error in science is how well the scientist selected a sample that will allow them to predict what will happen with what they are studying.

To measure the mass of a container, place the empty container on a digital scale and record the reading. Then, add the items you want to measure inside the container and take the new reading. The difference between the two readings will give you the mass of the items in the container.

Pericycle Pericycle

Metals have few valence electrons and tend to lose these electrons to form positive ions. This electron loss allows metals to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to the nearest noble gas, leading to the formation of positive ions.

Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. When an object is moving and a stopping force like friction is applied, the inertia of the object causes it to continue moving until the stopping force overcomes its motion, eventually bringing the object to a stop. In this case, the greater the inertia of the object, the more force is needed to overcome its motion and bring it to a stop.

Solid expansion can lead to structural damage in buildings or infrastructure, causing cracks or distortion. It can also disrupt foundations, roads, and pipelines. Additionally, solid expansion can trigger landslides or rockfalls in mountainous regions, posing a threat to nearby communities.

Friction opposes the motion of objects, which can affect their inertia by slowing them down or preventing them from moving. Inertia is the tendency of objects to resist changes in their state of motion, so friction can either help overcome inertia by bringing an object to rest, or maintain its state of motion by providing a force in the opposite direction.

Color:colorlessState at 25°C:gasDensity (g/cm3):0.0037Hardness (Mohs):No dataMelting Point (K):116.6Boiling Point (K):119.7Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol):No dataHeat of Vaporization (kJ/mol):9.1Heat of Atomization (kJ/mol):0Therm. Conductivity (J/m sec K):0.01Elec. Conductivity (1/mohm cm):0Abundance, Solar System:1.653Abundance, Earth's Crust:-4Pure Cost ($/100g):$ 33.00Bulk Cost ($/100g): Source:Air

Expansion and contraction can cause rocks to crack or break apart. When rocks heat up, they expand, and when they cool down, they contract. Over time, this cycle of expansion and contraction can weaken the rock and lead to weathering and erosion.

Seasonal grasslands can be found in places where there are drastic changes in the weather from one season to the next. For example, it could be found in the tundra and parts of the northern steppes, where the grassland turns to an icy desert in winter. It can also be found in North-Central Africa south of the Sahara Desert, in a region called the Sahel, where a deserted landscape could turn into a grassland during the rainy season.

Solubility depends on the interaction between the solute and solvent molecules. Factors that influence solubility include temperature, pressure, polarity of the solute and solvent, and the presence of any common ions. Ultimately, solubility is determined by whether the forces holding the solute molecules together are weaker or stronger than the forces between the solute and solvent molecules.

Neptune was discovered by German astronomer Johann Galle and French mathematician Urbain Le Verrier in 1846. Le Verrier had calculated the planet's existence based on discrepancies in the orbit of Uranus, and Galle confirmed its existence by observing it through a telescope.

Scientists typically communicate the results of an experiment through scientific journals, presentations at conferences, or by publishing their findings in peer-reviewed research papers. This allows other scientists to review, replicate, and build upon the work.

It is a simple device. A variable electronic resister, called a thermistor, is used and is on the end of the cord. The resister varies it's resistance value depending on temperature. The probe must be placed in the area (outside) where you want the temperature. There is a second one in the unit itself and will show the inside temperature.

The name of the hardest solid is a diamond; it is the hardest object known to humankind.

A volcano is formed by pressure building up below the Earth's crust. Magma forces it way through weaknesses in the earth's crust. When the magma emerges it is called lava. When it cools, it solidifies into rock,or it may emerge though thin cracks,which are called fissure.Or it may be forced though wider pipes,that starts to build up, to a volcano.

Plants without green leaves, like the purple velvet vine, can make food through a process called heterotrophy. They obtain nutrients from other sources, such as decaying organic matter or by forming symbiotic relationships with fungi. These plants rely on alternative methods to obtain the energy needed for growth and survival.

Monochromatic refers to light composed of a single wavelength, creating a single color. Polychromatic, on the other hand, includes multiple wavelengths and therefore multiple colors. Monochromatic light appears uniform in color, while polychromatic light can be a mixture of colors.