Ingredient Substitutions

Options include: Lard, Oils, Butter, Margarine, and in some cases, Mayonaise (breads and cakes only).

Lemon zest is the outer waxy yellow layer of the lemon peel. To grate it get a fine grater and scrape the outer portion with it over a bowl.

If you are baking, substitutions can make a big difference. Lets say your cookie recipe calls for butter and you use margarine or shortening, you will still have cookies but with butter they would be crispy, margarine and shortening soft, also they would taste different. If a recipe calls for oil, do not use margarine, it will not rise properly.

Now if you cook something like soup, recipe calls for leeks, your out of it, use onions, no salt, use boullion granules, no flour to thicken a gravy, use instant potatoes or cornstarch, so in COOKING various recipes its ok to substitute, however when Baking its a little trickier and you best follow the recipe to the T .

Although the merlot grapes can be prepared in a way that the resultant wine is white, this is extremely rare. Most of the time, merlot IS a red wine and thus may be used when red wine is called for.

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You may not have this ingredient either, but drug stores sell various types of meal substitute drinks (some of which would be described as "instant breakfast"), which have a similar thickness and richness to evaporated milk, and which can be used as a substitute. The biggest advantage of making that substitution is that the meal substitute drinks do not have lactose in them, so if you are lactose intolerant, the resulting recipe will be much easier to digest. It is, however, somewhat more expensive than evaporated milk.

Shortening or lard could be substituted without any major change in the recipe.

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You can, but you won't get the same type of crust. Strong flour is merely flour that is high in gluten which makes for a strong stretchy dough.

For purposes of baking there is no real difference. The lemon juice from the green bottle if you read the label, you will see that it is from concentrate, and fresh squeezed is exactly that, fresh squeezed.

Red wine vinegar, if you have it.

Probably. The remedy depends on the heat of the water and the smoothness of the honey for effectiveness. Although the lemon does provide a little Vitamin C it isn't much. Orange also contains Vitamin C and is sour, although it contains mroe sugar than lemon.

Try turning the heat down.

Yes it does, if you are making a sandwich or baking cakes then soften the butter, the butter although soft retains it beautiful creamy texture and is easy to work with, if you melt the butter it turns to oil, and all the solids separate out, it will never return to its creamy form

The whipping process fills it with tiny air bubbles and it becomes whipped cream. Over-whipping causes the fat molecules to clump together and it turns into butter.

it will be 2 1/2 cups. http://www.worldwidemetric.com/metcal.htm conversion web site.

The same as in any other physical form of sugar: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Baking soda is required to leaven the baked product. Either baking soda or baking powder would need to be included in the batter regardless of the use of cocoa powder.

I always use 1 teaspoon of Chile powder in place of 3 whole chillies, chili powder never seems to be as potent as fresh chillies. Depends on how hot you like your food too. (The hotter the better for me !)

Orange Julius is a recipe that incorporates Tang, milk, and ice. In addition to the Tang, milk, and ice, you would also add a bit of vanilla, and some sugar before you place everything in the blender.

I usually sauté it in olive oil

Hong Kong flour is a type of all-purpose flour that is highly bleached.

Its the only pure cane sugar from Hawaii.
Jingle went along with a popular Hawaiian song: "C&H - pure cane sugar -From Hawaii - grown in the sun -When you cook, when you bake - for goodness sake make it C&H - C&H, pure cane sugar, that's the one!" The tune was taking from the hawaiian song "Pearly Shells" ..The original words to the song goes : " Pearly Shells ..From the ocean ..Sining in the sun ..Gether on the shore . When I see them ..My heart tells me that I love you ..More then all the litle pearly shells . For every grain of sand that's on the beach , I've got a kiss from you ..And I'll have more left over falling stars that twinkles in the blues . Pearly shells ..From the ocean ..Shining in the sun ..Gather on the shone . When I see them , my heart tells me that I love you ..More than all the little pearly shells ."

nothing replaces flour, other than other types of flour, I.E. non wheat flour.

You cannot physically chage it, but you can add sugar, milk, or cream to sweeten it.