Islam

The three most central holy sites in Jerusalem are the Western Wall for the Jews, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre for the Christians, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock Shrine for Muslims.

A more complete list of the sites includes:

1. For Judaism: The Western Wall and the Temple Mount Complex, Mount of Olives Cemetary, Ramban Synagogue, and the City of Jerusalem itself
2. For Christians: The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Via Dolorosa, Golgotha, the Church of All Nations, and Mount Zion, among other smaller churches and places.
3. For Muslims: Al-Aqsa mosque (That is considered one of the three holiest mosques) and the Dome of the Rock mosque . In Islam, the whole site of Al-Qods (Jerusalem) is one of three holiest sites in Islam.

Answer 1

Because :

Ibrahim (Abraham)is Muslim

Dawood (David) is Muslim

Suleiman (Solomon) is Muslim

Musa (Moses) is Muslim

Isa (Jesus) is Muslim

All the prophets are Muslims because sent from the same and the Only GOD (Allah) who got the same Curriculum.

Answer 2

The typical Pro-Palestinian view centers on the idea that Israel is a modern colony in the Middle East (as opposed to a return of a people to their lost homeland). In the narrative, prior to 1900, less than 10% of the population of what would become Mandatory Palestine was Jewish and the Fellahin or Settled Arabs were the majority. There were also a large percentage of Turks, Circassians, Bedouin, and Druze, but the Settled Arabs were still the majority. Zionist Jews or those Jews who desired to create a Jewish State cleverly manipulated the Great Powers, especially the United Kingdom into giving them the right to immigrate to Mandatory Palestine in large numbers without consulting the rights of the Fellahin. Additionally, Zionist Jews purchased large swaths of land from Turkish nobility without consulting the Fellahin who lived on that land for centuries but did not properly own it. As a result, numerous Fellahin were forced off of their land during the Yishuv period, Yishuv being the word for a Zionist Jewish settlement in Mandatory Palestine. The Jewish population in Palestine continued to rise until 1939 when the Fellahin successfully petitioned the British government to close off Jewish immigration. The Fellahin, who now identify as the Palestinians, have a right to that country based on this history.

However, Islam fundamentally opposes this view. Israel is a unique case and the Qur'an actually says that Allah is behind the creation of Israel. These views are established in 5:20-21 where Allah commands Moses to take the Holy Land for his people, in 17:104 where Allah claims responsibility for gathering the Jews to Israel, and 26:59 where the Qur'an gives the Land of Israel to Jews as inheritance. There is no point in the Qur'an that even alludes to Muslim control or right to rule any place in the Levant region. Unfortunately, as many Muslims would like to advocate the argument in the first paragraph of this answer, they conveniently ignore what their own book says.

20And, when Moses said to his people, "O my people, remember the favor of Allah upon you when He appointed among you prophets and made you possessors and gave you that which He had not given anyone among the worlds. 21O my people, enter the Holy Land which Allah has assigned to you and do not turn back [from fighting in Allah 's cause] and [thus] become losers."

AND

104And We said after Pharaoh to the Children of Israel, "Dwell in the land, and when there comes the promise of the Hereafter, We will bring you forth in [one] gathering."

AND

59Thus. And We caused to inherit it [the land] the Children of Israel.

Jerusalem is sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims. They all believe it to be a Holy city. The idea of it being "chosen by the religions" would be seen as very offensive by the followers of those religions since it is their belief that God chose these places and sanctified them, not men.

Jews: The entire blueprint of the Holy Temple was made with Divine inspiration from the hand of God (1 Chronicles 28:19), including its location, which was in Jerusalem, in the very spot where Abraham had sacrificed the ram in Genesis ch.22 (Maimonides, in Hilchos Beis Habechirah).

Followers of Judaism believe that Jerusalem is the city of King David, regarded as Israel's greatest king, who founded the dynasty that ruled Judah for much of its history. It was the site of the Temple, the holiest place on Earth. It also served as the capital of the United Kingdom of Israel during the reigns of King David and King Solomon.

Christians: Followers of Christianity believe that Jesus Christ held the Last Supper, was tried before Pilate, crucified, and rose victorious from the dead in Jerusalem and its nearby hillsides.

Muslims: Followers of Islam believe that their prophet, Muhammad, traveled to Jerusalem, where he was taken up bodily into heaven. He ascended into heaven for one night in order to meet with previous prophets and attain the greatest amount of revelation. Islam also recognizes King David as an Islamic Prophet and his building of the city enhances its sacredness.

Jerusalem.
The city is Jerusalem, in modern-day Israel/Palestinian territories.

This city is holy to the three different faiths for three different reasons.

1. Jews: The tribes of Israel were united by King David, who ruled in Jerusalem, and for over a thousand years, Jerusalem was a seat of Jewish sovereignty.
2. Christians: Jerusalem was the city in which Jesus (peace be upon him) was brought to as a child to be presented at the Temple and attend festivals, as recounted through the canonical gospel of Luke. Jesus also preached in Jerusalem, and the city of Jerusalem is mentioned over 650 times in the Old Testament of the Bible.
3. Muslims: Jerusalem is significant for many reasons, the first being that it was the site of many prophets sent to the Jews, such as David, Solomon, Elijah, and Jesus (peace be upon them all). Jerusalem was also the first direction of prayer in Islam, before it was changed to Mecca. Also, Jerusalem was a place that Muhammad (S) visited on his journey to the heavens, and he prayed in Jerusalem. This story is mentioned in the first verse of Chapter 17 in the Holy Qur'an.

Islam has and continues to impact Europe in a myriad of ways. The growth of Islamic Caliphates directly opposed European economic and political interests in the Middle East including the decline of Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Conquest of Spain. The Crusades, which fundamentally changed European culture and helped to usher in the Modern Era would not have occurred has Muslims not been in control of the Holy Land. Math, Science, and the Greco-Roman Classics were preserved in the Islamic Caliphates and given back to Europeans during this period.

Later the Turkish Ottoman Empire (a Muslims State) conquered a vast swath of territory in southeastern Europe including what is now the Balkans, Greece, Romania, and Hungary, bringing Islam into the heart of Europe and leaving behind large Muslims populations in Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Bulgaria. The Ottomans were the preeminent military force in the region using state-of-the-art artillery and military organization. These tactics were eventually added to European warfare styles.

In recent times, there was European colonization and occupation in North Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, which have large indigenous Muslim populations. As a result of that colonization and the required rebuilding of Europe after World War II, many immigrants arrived in Europe from these regions bringing their faith with them. This has caused numerous political debates as to whether Islam is reconcilable with European values and resulted in many impoverished Muslim communities developing across Europe.

Answer 1

It is known as Hjra or The Migration. The year of Hjra marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar known as the Hjri Calendar.

The reason behind this journey was increasing tensions between his believers and Mecca's rulers. As Medina rulers wanted to become more powerful, they opened hands to Muhammad and it's followers.

Answer 2

Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina is called the Hijrah (هجرة).

Answer 3

The original journey is called the Hegira or Hijra (that means immigration in English)