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James Madison
James Madison was the 4th president of the United States. He was the last of the founding fathers to become a US President. Interestingly, he was also the shortest president at 5'4".
1,277 Questions
What did james madison do to promote religious freedom?
James Madison joined the Virginia Convention in 1776 and won approval for the "free exercise of religion". He also won another victory for religious freedom by persuading the Virginia assembly to pass a law that ended the Anglican Church's status as an official religion.
What does Madison say the advantage is of a well-constructed union in Federalist No 10?
It will break and control the violence of factions.
Who is Alexander Hamilton James Madison and john jay?
Brief answer: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay are famous as a group for having written the Federalist Papers, a series of 85 articles that tried to convince the people of the thirteen states to ratify the newly written Constitution in 1787-88.
Background and further information:
(The Constitution would not have become effective, and the U.S. would not have existed, unless it was ratified by the states.)
In the Federalist Papers, Hamilton, Madison and Jay argued for the necessity of a strong central government and explained various provisions of the Constitution, such as the "checks and balances" that the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) would provide on each other, why rule purely by majority might prove unfair because the rights of religious, political and other minorities had to be protected, why a republic would be more effective than a direct democracy or a loose confederation, why the country should have a one-man chief executive, and the basic concepts of federalism.
From 1783, the end of the Revolutionary War, to 1789, when the Constitution took effect, the thirteen states operated under the Articles of Confederation, with a very weak federal government. For example, even though Congress was given the power to sign treaties or declare war, this was close to useless, because all major decisions requred a unanimous vote. When Shays' Rebellion of farmers in Massachusetts arose in 1786-1787, triggered by a poor economy that resulted in turn from the federal government's failure to resolve debts created during the Revolution, and then the federal government was unable to raise an army to put down the rebellion, so that Massachusetts was forced to do so on its own, it became clear to many that changes were necessary. A Constititutional Convention met in 1787 and decided upon a Constitution, which was submitted to the states for approval.
Individually, each person was also a major contributor to the creation and success of the early United States.
Madison was most qualified to write the Federalist Papers because his thoughts on how to structure a new government had the greatest impact of anyone on the writing of the Constitution. The Constitution was ratified only because the first ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing certain rights to the people and to the states, were added. The Bill of Rights was largely written by Madison. Madison served in the new federal government as soon as it was created, first as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia (1789-1797), then Secretary of State under President Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809), and then as the nation's next (fourth) President himself(1809-1817).
Alexander Hamilton served in the Revolution as an aide to General George Washington. He represented New York at the Constitutional Convention and became the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States in 1789.
John Jay, who had been secretary for foreign affairs under the Articles of Confederation, became the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the new United States and then served as Governor of New York State.
How did James Madison attempt to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and how it is organized?
Did James Madison's wife sell the slaves after his death?
She certainly sold most of them. She was forced by lack of money to sell the plantation. She then moved to Washington and became something of a hostess again. She may have kept a household slave or two.
What does the word faction mean according to James Madison?
Madison defines a faction as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a minority or majority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community".
Marshall declared Section 13 of the The Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional, claiming Congress had attempted to extend the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction to include issuing writs of mandamus for all government officials, a power Marshall said was not specifically included in Article III, Section 2, of the Constitution. As a result, the Court ruled it did not have proper jurisdiction to hear Marbury's case, except on appeal, and that Marbury would have to first file for relief in a lower federal court.
Explanation
Federalist President John Adams appointed 42 members of his own party to justice of the peace positions for Washington, DC, in the waning hours of his administration (these men later became known as the "Midnight Judges" for their last-minute appointment). The incoming President, Thomas Jefferson, leader of the anti-Federalist Democratic-Republican party, saw this, and some of Adams' other last-minute actions, as an attempt to help the Federalist party maintain control of the Judicial branch of government. In response, Jefferson reduced the number of appointments from 42 to 30, then appointed five members of the Democratic-Republican party to some of the remaining seats.
William Marbury was among those whose commissions were withheld. He and several other Federalists petitioned the Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus (a court order compelling an official to take a specific legal action). Chief Justice Marshall sent a preliminary order to Jefferson's new Secretary of State, James Madison, to "show cause" why the Supreme Court should not issue the writ of mandamus requiring Madison to provide the plaintiffs with their justice of the peace commissions. Madison ignored Marshall's order.
Meanwhile, Congress repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801, legislation that had reorganized the federal court system, added 16 circuit judges (again, all Federalist appointments) reduced the members of the Supreme Court from six to five (by attrition), and changed the months of the Court's Term. The net effect was a temporary return to the Judiciary Act of 1789, followed by another set of changes determined by the Repeal Act of 1802, that prevented the Supreme Court from holding sessions in 1802.
As Marshall probably suspected, this represented a power struggle between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, as well as between the Executive and Judicial branches of government. Madison's refusal to respond to Marshall's show cause order raised a reasonable concern that he would also ignore any writ of mandamus Marshall might issue. This would weaken the judicial branch relative to the other branches of government, rather than elevate it to a co-equal position of power, as Marshall intended.
In order to circumvent the problem, Marshall declared Section 13 of the The Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional claiming Congress had attempted to extend the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction to include issuing writs of mandamus for all government officials, a power Marshall stated was not specifically included in Article III, Section 2, of the Constitution. [A comparison between Marbury and many of Marshall's later decisions tends to indicate this was more a rationalized political strategy than his true belief. Marbury is one of the only cases in which Marshall employs a textualist interpretation of the Constitution.]
As a result, the Court ruled it couldn't hear the case because it lacked original jurisdiction over the matter, and that Marbury would first have to seek relief in a lower federal court. Marbury never refiled.
Case Citation:
Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137 (1803)
For more information on Marbury v. Madison, see Related Questions, below.
What is some information on Canon James Lowery formerly of Birkenhead?
'Canon' Lowery allegedly embezzled a huge amount of money from Shrewsbury Diocese and then went away to live with the mother of his child.
How many kids Edgerrin James have?
4 kids edquisha James euro James edgerrin James jr. and eyhana James
What were the names of James Garfield's siblings?
According to the book "Garfield: A Biography" by Allan Peskin, James Garfield's siblings were named:
Mehitabel, b. 1821
Thomas, b. 1822
Mary, b. 1824
Did James Madison believe that a true democracy would be good for America?
He was nicknamed the father of the constitution because he helped it so much. That is one thing that everyone should remember him by.
Why did James Madison go to Princeton?
He went to Princeton University because that was the only closest school to his home town in Virginia
Catholics and Protestants
What is James Madison known for during the war of 1812?
Madison was the president during this war. He was the one who asked Congress to declare war. He was also the one who had to flee Washington and the White House when the British invaded . He had to find a new place to live after the British burned the White House.
If men were angels no government would be necessary James Madison wrote the to urge support for the?
James Madison is of tech plurality. Government is of angels..look up techno of 2012 or the fact of our modern gluey wordings coming from the mouth...in mind it sounds more savage...There is an English language that sounds more like the mind, it is thought. The basis of angelic men...memories are formed right around the time of telepathy and time awareness of possible lives after rebirth so no bothering...it needs it. Sexually speaking angels are not reborn yet into men breathing them back into higher beings don't speak of the cross right no wrong it is planetary it is extra solstice...keep it in mind when you hit the sixth solstice...it keeps us from poppy retardation. turnkey basis centerfold information..don't lose the argument with the breastplates cause they'll really break an angel with the cross..thank you. oh yeah crosses are the hearts of memory...men have them...don't speak of it we are in a planet cohesion. oh let all ye adore him..
Did Dolley Madison have an education?
There is no evidence that Dolley had any formal education until she was about 15, but she may have been taught at home (which is how girls were often taught back then). She seems to have acquired some skills, such as being able to read, but it was still not common for most young women of her era to attend school.
What did James Henley Thornwell believed that would happen to slaves when slaves obey their masters?
James Henley Thornwell believed that by obeying their masters, slaves would fulfill their spiritual duty as outlined in the Bible and would consequently secure their own salvation. He viewed slavery as a God-ordained institution and believed that obedience and loyalty to masters would bring slaves closer to God.
