Oil Refineries

Petrol and kerosene can be separated by a process called fractional distillation. Since there is a 25-degree Celsius difference in their boiling points, they can be heated, and the component with the lower boiling point (in this case petrol) will vaporize first and can be collected separately, leaving kerosene behind.

The specific heat capacity of used black lubricating oil can vary depending on its composition but generally ranges between 0.35 to 0.45 J/g°C.

Chemistry in petroleum refining is crucial for processes such as cracking, reforming, and desulfurization to convert crude oil into valuable products like gasoline, diesel, and petrochemicals. It involves understanding how hydrocarbons can be altered through chemical reactions to improve product quality, yield, and environmental impact. Analytical chemistry techniques are also used to monitor and control various stages of the refining process to ensure efficiency and quality control.

The fire occurred at the Cosmo Oil refinery in Chiba, after the earthquake and tsunami in 2011. The disaster severely damaged the refinery, leading to explosions and fires that burned for days.

Some oil field reserves have been depleted, others are slowly being depleted, some new fields are developed but we are slowly running out of oil reserves. Other oil reserves are to difficult or expensive to access and produce. If we do not find alternatives, we might run out of oil in about 50 years.

Fractional distillation is the separation method used in refining oil. Oil refining involves heating crude oil to separate it into different components based on their boiling points, allowing for the extraction of valuable products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.

Sulfuric acid is used in trace amounts (less than 1%) in certain processes in oil refining, such as alkylation and desulfurization. Its main role is to catalyze chemical reactions and facilitate the production of cleaner fuels.

Oil drillers sometimes choose to burn off excess oil and gas from wells as a way to quickly dispose of it when production exceeds capacity or transportation options are limited. This process, known as flaring, is also used to reduce the environmental impact and safety risks associated with releasing unburned methane into the atmosphere.

Crude oil separates into different components such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, and other petroleum products through a process called fractional distillation. These components have varying boiling points, allowing them to be separated and used for different purposes.

Crude oil IS oil so you don't separate oil from it. You do refine crude oil, separateing parts of it that are used for a variety of purposes. This is usually done by fractional distillation. You heat the crude oil so that the parts with higher boiling points become vapors, the vapors are taken to condensers at different temperatures so materials with different boiling points are condensed into different channels and moved for furhter processing.

Portions that do not convert to vapor have very high boiling points and generally are the larger molecules. These "bottoms" hare broken into lighter chemicals in fractionation columns.

The laboratory is extremely important in an oil refinery. There is a dedicated lab for testing the octane of the products that will be blending into the gasoline pool. There is also another huge lab in which the various properties of the feestocks and products are tested for quality, purity, and composition.

A refinery in the United States can incur heavy fines if the gasoline products do not meet the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) specifications.

Crude oil is organic remains of plants and animals Buried long ago. The organic material over a long period of time changes to different length of hydrocarbons. Crude oil is unrefined petroleum. The way to get crude oil through drilling. The exploration and finally the drilling process are complex and require investments and skill.

Bitumen and any other heavy oils can be cracked either thermally, catalytically or by the addition of hydrogen at high pressures. Typical units are cat crackers, fluidized bed cat crackers, hydrocrackers, thermal crackers

In all cases the temperatures are elevated. The residence time of the heavy material is controlled to preferentially produce shorter molecules of a useful length - there is no use in a refinery just producing methane and carbon as end products.

Cracker bottoms may be recycled for further cracking.

No, Petromin and ARAMCO are different companies. Petromin is a Saudi Arabian lubricants company, while ARAMCO stands for Saudi Arabian Oil Company, one of the largest oil companies in the world. They operate in different sectors of the oil and gas industry.

The distance from Earth to the Sun is 93 million miles. Uranus has a mean distance of 1.78 Billion miles from the Sun. So the mean distance from Eath to Uranus is (1.78 billion miles - 93 million miles) = 1.687 Billion miles

The density of crude oil is between 0,75-1,05g/cm3. Anderson Aggrey

Crude oil is primarily used to produce fuels like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. It is also used to make a wide range of products including plastics, chemicals, and lubricants. Additionally, crude oil is used in asphalt for road construction and in the manufacturing of various consumer goods.

It may be an unsupportable assumption that the worst fires occur at oil refineries. Oil refinery fires are usually extinguished quickly and are usually well contained.

It all depends how you define 'worst'.

The most difficult to stop fires tend to be fires in forested lands. The most expensive fires tend to be large commercial buildings. Fires with the highest human death rates tend to be in dense informal urban settlements - so called slums. The most polluting fires tend to be associated with gas flares and well fires in oilfields.

Oil refining in the Philippines began in the early 1900s, with the first refinery established in 1954 by the Philippine Refining Company. The industry expanded with the construction of more refineries over the decades, facing challenges such as fluctuating oil prices and regulations. Today, the country has several refineries operated by companies like Petron Corporation and Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corporation.

The number of people working in pulp mills can vary greatly depending on the size and capacity of the mill. Smaller mills may have a few dozen employees, while larger mills can employ hundreds or even thousands of workers.

Contrary to popular belief there are many, spread all over. According to the EIA, 149. However, they are not all dedicated to refining oil into usable gasoline, and 149 still aren't enough. The real problem, however, is not that there aren't enough refineries (which, once again, there aren't,) but that the refineries we have are not working at maximum capacity. Regularly, their parent companies will shut them down or scale them back, dramatically reducing their output. The oil companies say its due to refinery age, reparis, etc. There is much debate, however, as to whether or not these actions are actually deliberate in order to boost prices at the pump. It could be argued that with problems occurring that increase expenses for oil companies that their increase in profits recently makes those same statements of high expenditures false. What adds further weight to the debate is the fact that dozens of refineries have been closed in the past 15 years, which doesn't add up during a supply shortage or price spike caused by the same, with increase in demand. It is also widely known that in the mid-1990's some refineries were closed as a direct result of refinery overproduction, during times of surplus, which was due to a loss of profits by the relevant companies. This further makes recent industry profit spikes quite coincidental, now that those refineries are closed and production is strickly controlled, shortage or surplus with every barrel with limited refineries, which can be slowed for any reason. Regardless, production of gasoline and related products is affected, and to be fair, 60% of U.S. oil is imported, and so conflicts in Iraq and problems with Iran, Venezuela, long shipping times/distances all can also dramatically affect the price of gasoline as well, and have been known to hamper it in the past.

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, the oil and gas industry employed 125,370 people in 2001

My felony was over 7 years ago and halliburton did not hire me..