Ottoman Empire

The present day nations that now surround what was the Ottoman Empire at the height of its conquests are Austria, Poland, Russia, Sudan, Eretrea, Iraq, Persia. Part of Egypt and part of Armenia also touch what was the Ottoman Empire.

It was the whole of the Western culture that allowed Europe to develop economically, Ataturk felt, and he wanted his country to develop, so the country had to Westernize.

The Ottoman Empire wanted to go to war because the Allies wanted to go to war with Germany and the Ottoman Empire is supposed to help out Germany when they are in war or need some help.

The Ottoman Empire has gone to war numerous times and each time for a different set of reasons. The above is only applicable to World War 1.

The Ottoman Empire at its height controlled territories on three different continents.

Africa: Most of North Africa was under Ottoman control including territories from all of the following Modern countries: Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Sudan.(Morocco was intentionally not conquered but the Ottoman Empire exerted a strong cultural influence over the independent country).

Europe: The Ottoman Empire controlled the entire Balkans region (Yugoslav States, Albania, and Greece) except for some of the Dalmatian Coast (part of Modern Croatia) and parts of Greece which were under Venetian Control. In addition they controlled the entirety of what is now Bulgaria, Hungary, and parts of Romania. In addition they established dependent protectorates in Wallachia (part of Modern Romania).

Asia: The Ottoman Empire controlled the Levant (Modern Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Palestine, and Jordan), Mesopotamia (Modern Iraq) the Western Arabian Coast (part of Modern Saudi Arabia which includes Mecca and Medina), and of course Anatolia and the Caucasus (modern day Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.

Note: This list is not exhaustive as there are other modern countries which had some occupation by the Ottoman Empire, but those territories make up less than 10% of the modern countries' land areas.

The Ottoman Empire did not evolve into anything; it dissolved and was replaced. The cultural, political, religious, and social institutions of the Ottoman Empire were completely destroyed by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1919. The Ottoman Army, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the War of Turkish Independence claimed that the Ottoman Empire was defunct and that they were forming the Republic of Turkey. The Treaty of Lausanne in 1922 recognized Turkey as the signatory, not the Ottoman Empire, and the Republic's institutions were built from the ground up.

They come from central Asia, outer China and Mongolia. mainly from places like the steppes. If you want to be exact about it, they originated in the Altai Mountains, on the border of China and Kazakhstan, in around 5000 BC. The first distinct Turkish tribe was the Huns, who were harassing the Chinese as early as 1500 BC.

Mehmet II nicknamed the Conqueror, who in 1453 seized Costantinople, putting to an end the Byzantine Empire.

World War I fundamentally changed the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire, which controlled most of the Middle East was replaced by the newly independent Saudi Kingdom and the British and French Mandates. As a direct result of the falling of the Ottoman Empire and increased British and Russian involvement in Iranian affairs, the Qajjar Dynasty was overthrown by the Westward-leaning Pahlavi Dynasty. The Ottoman Empire was dissolved in the post-war environment as leading military officers (Jön Türkler) in the Ottoman Empire declared the independence of the new Republic of Turkey.

The British creation of the Mandates of Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq and the French mandates of Syria and Lebanon directly led to the current boundaries in the Middle East. Additionally, as the League of Nations Mandate specified that Palestine was to be a Jewish National Home, this planted some of the seeds of the Arab-Israeli Conflict that would manifest in the following decades. Additionally, the failure to create any Kurdish Mandate in northern Iraq or to enforce the Treaty of Sevres in 1919 to allow for a Kurdish State prevented the Kurds from realizing independence to this day.

Ottoman Empire collapsed in 1923 with the rise of latter state Turkey. Turkey was founded in 1923.
1922

Both empires built prosperous economies by trading with Europe (Apex)

It was long ago Islam was spread.It was at Egypt,Arab...Yemen...it was spread from a religious man..

In terms of territory, they conquered it using the military supremacy afforded them by the modern technologies they used and the advanced battle techniques and strategies that they formulated.

In terms of institutionally, the Sultans set up a strong bureaucracy that easily allowed for its own perpetuation. Low-level bureaucrats were chosen at the provincial level (in the relevant sanjak or vilayet) and higher-level bureaucrats came out of the men taken for devşirme who were unfit or undesirable for Janissary service.

1299-1923. It has stayed for about 700 years!

Conquering the land that is now known as Turkey. They also conquered Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, parts of Arabia, and North Africa. They also attacked the Byzantine Empire, seized Constantinople which is now Istanbul and is also their capital.

It was still called Constantinople by some, but The Turks called It Istanbul. The name is derived from Greek: εις την Πόλιν which means in the city. The Turks hear it as Istanbul and the name stuck.

Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire was conquered by Sultan Mehmed II, who has also been called Mehmed the Conqueror.

European countries began finding trade routes to Asia that avoided Ottoman territory

Serbia was great middle age state. When Ottomans concored Byzantine, they started attacking Serbia empire. They defited Serbs at Marica river battle in 1371. The Battle of Kosovo (1389)defined the fate of Serbia, because after it no force capable of standing up to the Turks existed. The Turks continued their conquest until they finally seized the entire Serbian territory in 1459 when Smederevo fell into their hands. Serbia was ruled by the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries. The Turks persecuted the Serbian aristocracy, determined to physically exterminate the social elite. Since the Ottoman Empire was an Islamic theocratic state, Christian Serbs lived as virtual bond servants - abused, humiliated and exploited. European powers, and Austria in particular, fought many wars against Turkey, relying on the help of the Serbs that lived under Ottoman rule. During the Austrian-Turkish War (1593-1606) in 1594 the Serbs staged an uprising in Banat - the Pannonian part of Turkey, and the sultan retaliated by burning the remains of St. Sava - the most sacred thing for all Serbs honored even by Moslems of Serbian origin. During the Great War (1683-1690) between Turkey and the Holy Alliance - created with the sponsorship of the Pope and including Austria, Poland and Venice - these three powers incited the Serbs to rebel against the Turkish authorities, and soon uprisings and guerrilla spread throughout the western Balkans: from Montenegro and the Dalmatian coast to the Danube basin and Ancient Serbia (Macedonia, Raska, Kosovo and Metohija). However, when the Austrians started to pull out of Serbia, they invited the Serbian people to come north with them to the Austrian territories. Having to choose between Turkish vengeance and living in a Christian state, Serbs massively abandoned their homesteads and headed north lead by their patriarch Arsenije Carnojevic. Many areas in southern Balkans were de-populated in the process, and the Turks used the opportunity to Islamize Raska, Kosovo and Metohija and to a certain extent Macedonia. A process whose effects are still visible today started. Serbian resistance to Ottoman domination, latent for many decades surfaced at the beginning of 19th century with the First and Second Serbian Uprising in 1804 and 1815. The Turkish Empire was already faced with a deep internal crisis without any hope of recuperating. This had a particularly hard effect on the Christian nations living under its rule. The Serbs launched not only a national revolution but a social one as well and gradually Serbia started to catch up with the European states with the introduction of the bourgeois society values. Resulting from the uprisings and subsequent wars against the Ottoman Empire, the independent Principality of Serbia was formed and granted international recognition in 1878.

Poorly, obviously; for they failed; because of divided opinions; concerning right and wrong And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand: [Matthew 12:25.] Humanity's greatest "Human Error"! Theorising they have control over the Cosmos; and may control it with their laws! History has proved human laws; Do Not Work! ----

There were several such groups. The Armenians were the most prominently persecuted in what would be a genocide. Greek Orthodox Christians were also persecuted as were certain Kurdish groups. (Most Kurds actually fought alongside the Ottomans.) There were also repressions of Syrian Arabs in southern Anatolia to prevent them from uniting with the British led Meccan Arab Revolts.

They sided with the Germans in World War I and after the War the Empire was left in shambles and in 1923 the Empire fell.

Specifically, Great Britain and France wanted to divide the Ottoman Empire (Present day areas of Middle East). Turkey was invaded by Greece who took all of Anatolian Peninsula, soon Turkey drove out Greeks to the Turkish Republic.

It was not in 1443 but in 1453. This city was considered the gate to Europe, that meant that the Ottomans could invade Europe from that strategically basic point. It meant the end of the Byzantine Empire (its capital city was Constantinople), the last powerful enemy of the Turks.

After the growth of the Ottoman Empire, the state had already reached its pinnacle. This led to the stagnation and decline of the Ottoman Empire, which lasted hundreds of years.

The Ottoman Empire's failure to effect a successful Siege at Vienna.

Particularly, the Polish army under Jan III Sobieski routed the Ottoman Encampment at Vienna and forced the Ottoman Empire to retreat. Previously, the Austrian and Hungarian armies had themselves been routed by the Ottomans at the Battle of Mohacs.