Political Science

In science, the term "medium" usually refers to the substance or material through which a wave, force, or organism propagates or travels. It can also be used to describe the environment in which an experiment or reaction takes place. In biology, a growth medium is a substance used for the cultivation of microorganisms or cells.

Machiavelli's work, particularly "The Prince," laid the foundation for understanding politics as a rational and systematic field of study based on empirical observation and analysis. He emphasized the importance of power dynamics, diplomacy, and strategic decision-making, which are key aspects of modern political science. His ideas influenced later political thinkers and shaped the development of political theory.

Post-modernisation has contributed to environmental issues through increased consumerism, urbanisation, and industrialisation. These factors have led to problems like pollution, deforestation, and climate change as societies prioritize economic growth and convenience over sustainability. However, post-modernisation has also facilitated the rise of environmental movements and awareness, leading to efforts to address these challenges.

This process is known as influence peddling, where individuals or groups leverage their power and influence to advocate for specific values and interests. It often involves lobbying, campaigning, and networking to persuade decision-makers to support their agenda. Influence peddling can take various forms and may involve financial incentives, political favors, or leveraging personal relationships to advance a particular cause.

According to Marx, the proletariat would revolt against and overthrow the owners of the means of production , i.e. the bourgeoisie. The victory of the proletariat would mean that, for the first time in history, one group of people would not be oppressing an other. This new society would be called Communism. The new society would indirectly transition to Communism via a socialist stage, where class distinctions remained in existence and power while the means of the production, being socialised, would break down the existing social distinctions in society.

No, India's parliament is not called MLA. MLA stands for Member of Legislative Assembly, which refers to a member of a state legislative assembly in India. The Indian parliament consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

No, physicians generally earn a medical degree such as a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree, a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree, or a Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS/MBChB) degree.

Botswana has several political parties, but the main ones include the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), the Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC), and the Botswana National Front (BNF). The BDP has historically been the dominant party in Botswana politics since independence in 1966.

A nationalist group is a political organization or movement that promotes and prioritizes the interests of a specific nation or national identity. Nationalist groups often advocate for policies that protect the cultural, social, and economic well-being of their nation and can sometimes espouse xenophobic or exclusionary ideologies.

Law consists of set of rigid rules, while jurisprudence does not have any specified set of rules, its basically an investigation into law.

In law principles are derived from an authoritative sources, while in jurisprudence its not so.

Law is applied to factual situations, while jurisprudence does not have any practical application.

In law whatever the writers view may be the legal rule remain the same, and jurisprudence does not have any rules, which gives far greater play for writers own approach.

In political science, the term "state" refers to a political entity with a defined territory, permanent population, centralized government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. It encompasses institutions, laws, and systems that govern a particular geographical area.

The state holds a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within its borders and plays a crucial role in providing security, regulating society, and representing its citizens on the international stage. Additionally, the state is responsible for making and enforcing laws, providing public services, and promoting the common good.

One demerit of using a philosophical approach in the study of political science is that it can lead to abstract and theoretical discussions that may not always have clear real-world applications or relevance. Additionally, philosophical perspectives may differ widely, leading to debates that are often subjective and open to interpretation. Lastly, focusing too much on philosophy may neglect empirical data and practical analysis, which are critical in understanding the complexities of political systems and behaviors.

the causes were starvation and human suffering, because of this, the Bolsheviks revolted to dethrone the Czar and execute the whole family.

If by permanent you mean in the extremely long-term (hundreds of years or more), then no, since the nature of relations between states has largely fluctuated based not only on past outcomes but future potentialities. That is, while some groups may be friends or enemies for a long time, given enough time, there is almost always some issue or problem that will emerge against them simply due to sheer probability.

It is difficult to study politics without any bias, as personal experiences, beliefs, and values can influence one's perspective. However, researchers can strive to be objective by acknowledging and minimizing their biases, using multiple sources of information, and employing rigorous research methods to ensure the credibility of their findings.

Policymakers generally aim to achieve economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability through their decisions and actions. These outcomes are interconnected and essential for ensuring a well-functioning society.

The leader of the Irish Green Party is Eamon Ryan. He has held this position since 2011.

One of the merits is that you don't have to fight alone. You have another person or group to back you up. Another is that sometimes alliances can avert fighting because several people or groups with a united front are less likely to be attacked unless the opposing party has overwhelming superior power.

The price of a commodity is inversely related to quantity demanded because as the price of a commodity decreases, more consumers are willing and able to purchase it due to increased affordability. This leads to an increase in quantity demanded. Conversely, as the price of a commodity increases, the quantity demanded tends to decrease as consumers may find it less affordable or seek alternative options.

It is not clear what you are referring to with "mahamed". Could you provide more context or clarify your question?

The major task of political science is to study and analyze political systems, processes, behavior, and institutions in order to understand how power is wielded, decisions are made, and conflicts are resolved in societies. It aims to provide insights into how governments function, how public policies are formulated and implemented, and how political actors interact with one another.

Glitter is a compound - a single substance consisting of two or more different elements.

That depends on if you are talking about the noun or the adjective. The noun does not have an antonym. The adjective, however, does have an antonym and it is elective, optional, or voluntary.

Comparative politics involves comparing political systems, institutions, behaviors, and policies across different countries. It seeks to understand similarities and differences to draw insights about political phenomena. The scope of comparative politics can range from studying specific aspects of government to analyzing broader trends in political development.