0
Protestantism
Generally associated with the protests against the Catholic Church and its methods, Protestants follow Jesus Christ. One of the early scholars to lead the break from the established church was Martin Luther. If you have questions about anything to do with Protestantism, this is place to ask them.
1,475 Questions
Methodists and Baptists
What is the key events in protestant reformation?
The creation of the printing press in which the fall of the catholic church happened, due to the black death that happened before, it leads to people slowly doubting their belief causing a revolt by the people who gave up hope on religion.
What was the response of the Catholic Church to the protestant revolt?
The Catholic response to the protestant revolt is called the "Counter Reformation"
from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957
The Counter-Reformation is the name given to the Catholic movement of reform and activity which lasted for about one hundred years from the beginning of the Council of Trent (q.v., 1545), and was the belated answer to the threatening confusion and increasing attacks of the previous years. It was the work principally of the Popes St. Pius V and Gregory XIII and the Council itself in the sphere of authority, of SS. Philip Neri and Charles Borromeo in the reform of the clergy and of life, of St. Ignatius and the Jesuits in apostolic activity of St. Francis Xavier in foreign missions, and of St. Teresa in the purely contemplative life which lies behind them all. But these were not the only names nor was it a movement of a few only; the whole Church emerged from the 15th century purified and revivified. On the other hand, it was a reformation rather than a restoration; the unity of western Christendom was destroyed; the Church militant (those still on earth) led by the Company of Jesus adopted offence as the best means of defence and, though she gained as much as she lost in some sense, the Church did not recover the exercise of her former spiritual supremacy in actuality.
What did the protestants reject?
please improve the answer i need to know this now!!!
The protestants were objecting to practices in the Roman Catholic Church that they considered immoral and not according to Scripture. The usual example is the selling of indulgences. An indulgence shortens the time a soul must spend in Purgatory before entering Heaven, and were sold to finance building needs in the Roman Catholic church. The advertising (?) slogan attributed to the sellers was "When the coin in the coffer rings, the sould from Purgatory springs".
How does Christianity affect health?
well, if you are a christian and you have faith that God will make you healthy then you will receive it. Read Matthew 7:7-12, ask, seek, knock. ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find it; knock and the door will be opened.
What nation became protestant because its ruler wanted a divorce that the pope would not grant?
I think you are reffering to King Henry VIII of England wanting to annul (not divorce) his marriage to his first wife, Katharine of Aragon. The Roman Catholic Church would not allow him to do this, so he broke away from Romer and set up his own church in England which he declared himself the head of. Some speculate that he did this mainly because he wanted the English lands and monasteries that belonged to the Church in Rome to be his instead. This church that he made in England was not really Protestant to begin with as Henry VIII considered himself a Catholic -just not a Roman Catholic. However the Anglican Church took on more Protestant beliefs after Henry's reign, particularly during the reigns of Edward VI and Elizabeth I. Today the Anglican Church considers itself to be both Catholic and Reformed.
How many protestants died in the holocaust?
Over 3000 Protestants died in the Holocaust. 5 to 6 million Jews were killed in the Holocaust. However, this is an estimate as it is possible that more may have died.
How many of the Armada returned to Spain after the failed attack on England?
Spain sent 130 ships against England, only 67survived. For England, nothing lost other than 8 fire ships... i think that was wrong because the storm destroyed lots of ships also the fire ships and on the way to Spain on the retreat they were getting scurvy and crashing on rocks theres also a thought that scotish people atacked them. So it's 17 ships that came back yes Philip was in wrath :).
Of course we do!! Practising Protestants - just like practising Catholics, go to church services on Sundays (and other days). The services may be different however. We have many other services as well as mass. Proestants usually call mass 'Holy Communion', 'The Eucharist' or 'The Lord's Supper' but the service is very similar. However, most Protestants do not believe that the bread and wine acally become the body and blood of Christ as do Catholics, but meremy represent them as an act of remembrance for what Jesus did. In addition to Holy Communion, we have services that are called 'non-Eucharistic' and which consist of hymns, prayers, psalms, a sermon and sometimes other liturgy depending upon the kind of Protestant Church.
Why did Martin Luther and other Protestants leave the Roman Catholic Church?
When the monk Martin Luther began the Protestant movement in the 15th Century, the Church was corrupt. Doctrines had crept in that were unbiblical and against what Jesus taught. These included purgatory, limbo, praying to saints, the accumulation of great wealth, especially by the Pope and monasteries, the over-veneration of Mary and many other doctrines which had little historical evidence. Luther and others saw these as gross heresies. The most corrupt practice - and the one which led to Luther beginning the Reformation of the Church - was that of selling indulgences. As the Church believed in the unbiblical idea of purgatory priests sold certificates called Indulgences to unsuspecting grieving loved ones of those who had died, and, for a large sum of money, 'guaranteed' a certain number of years less in purgatory for their loved one, as the priest would pray for his or her soul. Many priests just pocketed the money and ended up very wealthy. While reading Paul's letter to the Romans, Luther realised that we are saved through faith in the Lord and not through paying our way into heaven. So he complained bitterly to the Church which then promptly excommunicated him. When the Protestant movement really took off, and millions were leaving Rome all over Europe, even the Roman Catholic Church realised that they should reform into the church we have today. However, there are still many doctrines even in the modern Roman Catholic Church that many protestants still regard as unbiblical and unChristian.
Answer: During the Middle Ages, the most powerful institutions in Europe were the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire. The empire was made up of hundreds of estates of various sizes and covered an area now occupied by Austria, the Czech Republic, eastern France, Germany, Switzerland, the Low Countries, and parts of Italy. Since the German estates comprised its major part, the empire came to be known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Each estate was ruled semiautonomously by a prince. The emperor himself was a Roman Catholic of the Austrian Habsburg family. Therefore, with the papacy and the empire in power, Europe was firmly in Roman Catholic hands.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, however, the established order was shaken. Throughout Europe there was widespread dissatisfaction with the excesses of the Roman Catholic Church. Such religious reformers as Martin Luther and John Calvin spoke of a return to Biblical values. Luther and Calvin found widespread support, and out of this movement grew the Reformation and Protestant religions. The Reformation split the empire into three faiths-Catholic, Lutheran, and Calvinist.
Catholics viewed Protestants with distrust, and Protestants held their Catholic rivals in disdain. This climate led to the formation of the Protestant Union and the Catholic League in the early 17th century. Some princes of the empire joined the Union, others the League. Europe-and the empire in particular-was a powder keg of suspicion that needed just one spark to send everything up in smoke. When that spark finally came, it started a conflict that lasted for the next 30 years. Luther's words and actions helped give birth to the Reformation-a religious movement described as "the most significant revolution in the history of mankind." He thus helped to change the religious landscape of Europe and to draw the curtain on medieval times on that continent. Luther also laid the basis for a standardized written German language. His translation of the Bible remains by far the most popular in the German language.Luther's understanding of how God views sinners brought him into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church. It was then widely believed that after death, sinners had to undergo punishment for a period of time. However, it was said that this time could be shortened by indulgences granted on the pope's authority in exchange for money. Luther was indignant about the sale of indulgences. He knew that men cannot bargain with God. In the autumn of 1517, he wrote his famous 95 theses, accusing the church of financial, doctrinal, and religious abuse. Wanting to encourage a reform, not a rebellion, Luther sent copies of his theses to Archbishop Albert of Mainz and to several scholars. Many historians point to 1517 or thereabouts as the birth of the Reformation.The question of church reform was no longer a local issue. It became a widespread controversy, and Martin Luther suddenly became the most famous man in Germany.
Baroque
What protestant group wanted to reform the church in England?
Protestans who wanted to reform the Anglican Church were called Puritans
What does the Epitaph on Martin Luther's tomb say in English?
Free at last, free at last, thank God Almighty I'm free at last."
How did Martin Luther feel about the Catholic church?
He wanted to reform corrupt practices and question traditions that seemed without basis.
.
Catholic AnswerM. Luther's thoughts about the Catholic Church are contained in the 95 Theses, an English translation of which I have attached below. As M. Luther was (supposedly) a priest, an Augustinian Friar, and a Theology professor, one could hope that what he thought about the beliefs of the Catholic Church were pretty much what is taught in the Catholic Church throughout history. However, as his "95 Theses" show, he was incredibly ignorant about basic teachings of the faith. Some of what he calls for is totally ludicrous as it is what the Church has always taught - they could come right out of a Theology book. Others are just off the wall. Admittedly, he was calling for refutation of what (he said) others were preaching, but even then, it just doesn't make a lot of sense. He should have known better. What he believed about the Church and what he came to believe about the Church many years later are two completely different things. In the beginning he was calling for a reform of indulgences, which was actually quite sensible giving the goings on back then of some people; however, later in life he completely denies indulgences, or even the power of the keys - something which he held firmly in his earlier years.Conflict between Catholics and Protestants in England?
A most famous conflict between protestants and catholics was the spanish armada.
Elizebeth led England into battle against catholic Spain and won the amada despite having less ships.
The Armada was defeated as much by the weather as the British navy.The British had small nimble ships that could get in between the larger Spanish galleons.The Brits sent in fire ships that caused havoc amongst the Spaniards.Also the Spanish were relying on Dutch forces to bolster their numbers.The final straw was the awful weather the Spanish had to deal with.They had to travel around trhe British Isles up the East coast around Scotland & into the Irish sea.They suffered more losses to the weather etc than to actual fighting.
What is the name of a protest against the Roman Catholic Church?
Protests against a church organization are called different names depending on the level of disagreement. Minor protests are called disagreements or disputes. Major religious changes are usually the result of what are called "reformations." Such reformations happened at the ideals of people like Martin Luther or John Calvin.
What is the name of the period of history during which Charles II ruled?
It was the only interregnum since 1066 and it was called the Commonwealth. Cromwell declared himself Protector of the Realm.
On his death, the title passed to his son Richard (Tumbledown Dick) who was clearly incapable of the job, and retired abroad.
King Charles II returned to London in 1660, and the public were glad to see him back.
Who was the most important protestant reformer other than Luther?
Probably Wycliffe, Hus or Calvin. In terms of long term impact I would probably say Calvin
Why did many people think that the Catholic Church was in need of reform around A.D. 1500?
Another answer from our community:
The Catholic Church propably wanted to minimize the damage caused by Protestant reformation by making itself more popular, defining its dogmas and fixing its alleged internal problems. This process is called the Counter-Reformation. Wikipedia has a good article on the subject.
What two reasons lead to the Protestant reformation?
Catholic Answer
The one basic cause of the protestant revolt was sin, which played out in various ways. One of the biggest contributing factors (see below) was the Great Schism or the Schism of the West also known as the Avignon Papacy. Another huge factor was the breakdown of the medieval synthesi, also see below.
The proximate cause was Martin Luther and others not really understanding their own Church and attributing men's sins to the Immaculate Bride of Christ, His Mystical Body, the Church. That, and their stubborn pride and thinking that they knew better than Our Blessed Lord, Himself.
It wasn't so much the conduct of the Church, although the conduct of individuals - from Popes to laity - certainly played a part in it. But it was a whole host of factors including several major famines, the Black Death, the Avignon Papacy (The Great Schism), the heresy of Conciliarism, according to which a Church council was a higher authority than the pope. Then there was the coldness that was seeping into religious life, which was first noticed by St. Francis of Assisi. The collect from the Tridentine liturgy for the Feast of St. Francis on September 17 refers to this growing coldness:
O Lord Jesus Christ, Who, when the world was growing cold, didst renew the sacred marks of Thy passion in the flesh of the most blessed Francis, to inflame our hearts with the fire of Thy love, graciously grant that by His merits and prayers we may continually bear the cross and bring forth fruits worthy of penance.
There, of course, are many more reasons in these two centuries that led to the protestant revolt, I would suggest that you pick up Diane Moczar's book, Ten Dates Every Catholic Should Know, and read chapter the chapter headed 1517 AD The Protestant Catastrophe.
Probably the single biggest behavior that effected the Church in the Late Middle Ages was the Great Schism, which ran from 1378 to 1417. This was known as the Avignon Papacy, when the Pope moved to Avignon, and no one knew who the real Pope was. For most of this period there were two claimants to the Papal throne, near the end of it, three. This threw Christendom into crisis with the end result of greatly weakening the Papacy and contributing to the protestant revolt a hundred years later. That and the rise of heresies including those of the Bohemia, John Hus, the heresy of Nominalism. And then there was the rise of Renaissance thought. Originally Renaissance thought saw the good in the Greek and Latin classics and tried to bring them into the Christian present. Thomas Aquinas has done a magnificent job of this earlier in the 13th century with Aristotle, on whom he based his classic Summa Theologiae which is still used to this day in teaching theology. But later Renaissance intellectuals had a whole different mind set and through their fascination with pagan ideas, they adopted the worldly outlook of their writers. Finally there was the rise of the business culture and the love of money - the root of all evil according to the Sacred Scriptures. The love of money and business became prevalent in this era wiping out the great Age of Faith that had just ended.
.
from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957
The Great Schism, otherwise know as the Schism of the West was not strictly a schism at all but a conflict between the two parties within the Church each claiming to support the true pope. Three months after the election of Urban VI, in 1378, the fifteen electing cardinals declared that they had appointed him only as a temporary vicar and that in any case the election was invalid as made under fear of violence from the Roman mob. Urban retorted by naming twenty-eight new cardinals, and the others at once proceeded to elect Cardinal Robert of Geneva as Pope Clement VII, who went to reside at Avignon. The quarrel was in its origin not a theological or religious one, but was caused by the ambition and jealousy of French influence, which was supported to some extent for political reasons by Spain, Naples, Provence, and Scotland; England, Germany, Scandinavia, Wales, Ireland, Portugal, Flanders and Hungary stood by what they believe to be the true pope at Rome. The Church was torn from top to bottom by the schism, both sides in good faith (it was impossible to know to whom allegiance was due), which lasted with its two lines of popes (and at one time three) till the election of Martin V in 1417. It is now regarded as practically certain that the Urbanist popes were the true ones and their names are included in semi-official lists; moreover, the ordinal numbers of the Clementine claimants (who, however, are not called anti-popes,) were adopted by subsequent popes of the same name.
Extracted from What Every Catholic Wants to Know Catholic History from the Catacombs to the Reformation, by Diane Moczar, c 2006 by Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division
The five key elements that made up the "medieval synthesis" were:
- The harmony between Faith and reason.
- The balance of power among nation-states as parts of Christendom
- The balancing of the authority of the king with local self-government.
- The harmony between the goals of individual self-fulfillment and those of society.
- The equilibrium - and an uneasy one, it is true - between Church and state.
In the fourteenth century everything started to fall apart beginning with famine and plague. Cold, wet weather between 1315 and 1322 brought ruined crops in northern Europe and the resulting famine produced mass starvation, the mortality rate was as high as ten percent. But within 25-20 years the Black Death struck Europe. Between 1347-1350 an estimate average of thirty percent of the population on the continent died. In some cases, the death toll was much higher. It returned again in 1363 and would recur periodically for the next three centuries. All of this caused social friction and rebellions, not to mention some bizarre heresies. In addition to all of this the Hundred Years's War began, the Ottoman Turks began their onslaught of Europe, and the Papacy was going through many troubles beginning with the Avignon papacy. All of this set the stage, so to speak for the protestant catastrophe.
What brought the conflict between the protestants and catholics?
At the simplest level, the native Irish were Catholic and were rebellious towards the occupying, protestant English. To try to pacify the native Irish, the English crown populated large parts of the island of Ireland with loyalist Scots, who were protestants. So animosity between the two religions was based on not only on religion itself, but loyalty to the English crown, ethnicity and also land rites as Irish natives were dispossessed to make way for English and Scots landlords and colonising Scots from lower down the social tree.
