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Software Engineering
Software engineering is the process of applying well-developed techniques and practices in order to create new software products. Questions about everything from design patterns to requirements and specification belong here.
1,663 Questions
What layer does the encapsulation method takes place?
If you want maintainability, flexibility, and extensibility (and I guess, you do), your design must include encapsulation. How do you do that?
• Keep instance variables protected (with an access modifier, mostly private).
• Make public accessor methods, and force calling code to use those methods rather than directly accessing the instance variable.
• For the methods, use the JavaBeans naming convention of set and get.
What is the purpose of Software Requirement Specification?
SRS is the main part of Documentation...
it contains all Steps to be done in Documentation of Software Development.
There are many steps like Market Survey, Analysis,Design, Functional and Structural Behaviour, etc...
Just see the Software Engineering Book , by Pressmen.
What you do after computer science and engineering?
The best course to study is the one that leads to your overall career goals and objectives. Thus, I would imagine you do not have anything specific at this time. So many individuals enroll in college programs without a specific goal in mind. As such, many become miserable in their work which is not good for them, or their employer. If you want to be successful in your work and life, carefully consider the following.
To be successful in your work, you must acquire a vision. A vision is a clearly articulated picture of the future you intend to create for yourself. In other words, it's a dream. However, if the dream does not have direction, it will always remain a dream and will never become a reality for you. That vision should create a passion within you, a love for what you do and the benefit it brings others as well as yourself. Make sure the vision is specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and tangible. Let us look at this closer. When you believe you have chosen an appropriate career goal, look at it in SMART fashion as follows. * Specific - Make sure your career goal is very specific. For example, "I would like to be a teacher," is not specific. "I would like to be a high school biology teacher in New Jersey (USA) in an urban school by 2012" is. * Measurable - Make sure you can measure your progress. How will I know I am progressing in the right direction? This is where the development of short-term objectives comes in (discussed below). You will know you are on the right path as you accomplish each short -term objective. * Achievable - Is the goal achievable considering my current life situation and circumstances? * Realistic - Is what I want to do really realistic. For example, "I would like to be a middle weight boxing champion, and I am 63 years old." That is not realistic. * Tangible - What will I - specifically - have at the end? What will I be (exactly)? It must be very specific. Once you have that vision your path will become clear. Still, you will need a mentor, counselor, or coach who will be able to help you develop a road map embedded with short term objectives leading to your overall career overall goals and objectives. The achievement of short-term objectives will indicate you are moving in the correct direction, and will also give you energy and excitement to carry on towards your overall career goal. It will take some research, but you most likely have some ideas already. Follow them through, look at the nature of the field, the everyday routine, the required education, the salary, the occupational demand and the related fields. When a career sparks an interest, try to shadow an individual who is actually doing what you think you might like to do. You can pick up valuable information this way. Thus, the following. * Acquire the will to change circumstances. * Acquire the vision (dream). * Develop a road-map embedded with short-term objectives leading to your overall goal and objective. * Just do it and do not let go until it becomes a reality.
What is the use of 'pragma' in C language?
The #pragma directive is a compiler specific instruction. There are many things you can tell the compiler. For instance, the #pragma pack n directive tells the compiler to override the /Zpn command line argument and to use a new default structure packing value. To see all of the possible #pragma directives, go to online help, and index by #pragma directives, C/C++. You probably only need to type in #pra and then click on C/C++ to get this far.
How do you differentiate between Harvard and Von Neumann architecture?
There are basically two types of digital computer architectures. The first one is called Von Neumann architecture and later Harvard architecture was adopted for designing digital computers.
Von Neumann Architecture:
- It is named after the mathematician and early computer scientist John Von Neumann.
- The computer has single storage system(memory) for storing data as well as program to be executed.
- Processor needs two clock cycles to complete an instruction.Pipelining the instructions is not possible with this architecture.
- In the first clock cycle the processor gets the instruction from memory and decodes it. In the next clock cycle the required data is taken from memory. For each instruction this cycle repeats and hence needs two cycles to complete an instruction.
- This is a relatively older architecture and was replaced by Harvard architecture.
Harvard Architecture:
- The name is originated from "Harvard Mark I" a relay based old computer.
- The computer has two separate memories for storing data and program.
- Processor can complete an instruction in one cycle if appropriate pipelining strategies are implemented.
- In the first stage of pipeline the instruction to be executed can be taken from program memory.In the second stage of pipeline data is taken from the data memory using the decoded instruction or address.
- Most of the modern computing architectures are based on Harvard architecture.But the number of stages in the pipeline varies from system to system.
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The best way is to first convert hexadecimal to binary and then to octal.
For example the hexadcimal number B4EA is in binary:
B 4 E A
1011 0100 1110 1010
Thus B4EA (hexadecimal) = 1011010011101010 (binary)
We add leading zeros to the binary number in order to be able to divide the number in sets of 3 digits. Then we convert easy to octal as follows:
001 011 010 011 101 010
1 3 2 3 5 2
Therefore 1011010011101010 (binary) = 132352 (octal)
and from here you have your result:
B4EA (hexadecimal) = 132352 (octal)
What is the critical distintion between throwaway and evolutionary prototyping?
In throwaway prototype model we discard the prototype and start from scratch. In evolutionary prototype model we make changes in the prototype and refine it.
What information is provided by use cases or a use case diagram?
Use case diagrams are used foe better understanding of software. They have actors , use cases and relation between them.
What is the name of the application development project for which waterfall model is not suitable?
When we are talking about a big project we Use Water fall model. Water fall model has total of five stages.
http://www.edrawsoft.com/images/examples/data-flow-diagrams.png
http://www.conceptdraw.com/products/img/ScreenShots/cd5/uml/DataFlowSample.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Data_Flow_Diagram_Example.jpg
What is system implementation in software engineering?
System implementation is the creation and installation of the method to follow the engineering principals to remove part of the human element in the equation. Software engineering is a rapidly growing field.
Difference between top down and bottom up approach?
top down:
You formulate the problem and solve it inroducing simple operations, for instance, you need to add 2 numbers. This is your problem which you have to solve.
You devide it in simpler problems. Remember in computer memoty first additive, then second. And then add it to each other and show result or save in another variable and show the result.Top down approach is the most popular method in programming.
bottom up:
This method is more complicated because it's not easy to formulate simple problems and end up with a global problem. In most cases bottom up is reversed to top down approach.
What subjects are required to study computer engineering?
In order to have a career in computer programming you must know how computers work, their logic (binary logic) and ofcourse at least one mainstream programming language. The most used computer programming languages are C++ and C#. The C++ language is more powrfull and gives more capabitilies of interacting with the H/Y, while C# is far more easy for the novice user while being as powerful as C++.
What is Team Software Process mean?
A software team is a group of software engineers, software coders, software testers, documentation writers, etc. that work together on the design, development, testing, and documentation of a specific piece of software. Occasionally some people from nonsoftware fields (e.g. hardware technicians) may be attached to a software team (often for a short time) to assist with specific issues.
What is the difference between sketching and drawing in engineering?
During my lecture to faculties of engg Institutes affiliated to RGPV bhopal, i asked this question myself and searced on web. No correct answer was found. Then I gave a deep thougt to it and my thoughts are as follows: Graphs are schematic models in the language of Operations Research. Other two conceptual level models are Iconic/ physicsl and symbolic/ mathematical. Schematic diagram/ model represent some quntity of interest proportional to other visible quantities like legth (bar graphs) or area (pie digrams). Graphs are most widely used in engg and management and it is said that a graph / image is equivelent of several pages of description. Thus a graph normally represnt relation or comparison between two or more independent and dependent variables. Drawings, on the contrary, provide methood and rules to represent one, two or three dimensional objects.
Full subtractor using 2 half subtractor?
The half adder is an example of a simple, functional digital circuit built from two logic gates. A half adder adds two one-bit binary numbers A and B. It has two outputs, S and C (the value theoretically carried on to the next addition); the final sum is 2C + S.
A full adder has three inputs - A, B, and CarryIn from the prior stage. It generates a Result and a Carryout with the truth table...
ABC-RC
000-00
001-10
010-10
011-01
100-10
101-01
110-01
111-11
The adder can be a ripple adder, in which the propogation delay depends on the carry "rippling" through the logic, or it can be a look-ahead-carry type, which has constant propagation delay time, at the expense of more logic.
What is the step by step process of rad model?
RAD stands for rapid application development model in short. RAD can be used on systems that can be time- boxed to deliver functionality in increments.
What is function in javascript?
A Function in JavaScript is a note to the program to group all of the actions performed in the Function clause to be referenced as the functions name, so that one does not need to copy out the function every time they want to run the group of actions.
What are the steps in product life cycle management?
The steps may vary to one life cycle to another.The main steps are requirements specification, designing, coding, testing and maintenance.
There are different development models, so the stages are different. Typically either Analysis can be second if a Feasibility Study is first, or Design can be second if Analysis is first.
What are the 5 different ways of design phase in software engineering?
A defined set of system models
Rules that apply to these models
Guidelines for design 'good practice'
A model of the design process
Formats for reports on the design
Difference between positioning and pointing computer devices?
pointing device like mouse because by mouse we can perform operations graphically. and positioning devices like keyboard.....
