Software Engineering

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In Object-oriented design, association is a relation between two objects, for example, Car & Wheel have an association (that is, car contains wheels), Toolbar & Button have an association (that is, toolbar is composed of buttons), a Student is associated to Course (that is, a student can study a course).

It can be strong association or weak association.

If A is strongly associated to B then A cannot exist without B. In implementation terms, object A would be composed of object B & without creating B, creation of A is not possible. For example, a Toolbar cannot be created without creating a Button.

If A is weakly associated to B then A can exist without B. For example, a Student can exist without the exitence of Course.

function function_name() {

....................

}

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You protect derived classes from breaking when you change the internal parts of the base class by making sure that the public (or protected) parts of the base class do not change. Only the private parts may change. If the public interface changes, then the derived class must often change.

Chunking allows reviewers to combine related concepts into bigger chunks. The components can serve as chinks ( if they are highly cohesive and loosely coupled) making it easier for reviewers to keep track of the interactions of several components during a design review ran that a large number of individual classes and their methods.

Flow Chart is a generic term, and DFD is a specific one. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a data flow chart to illustrate the data flow/store/change in a component/system/product from the input to the output.

While striving for a win-win model in software development is ideal, it is not always achievable. Conflicting stakeholder interests, budget constraints, and differing priorities can complicate the situation. However, effective communication, collaboration, and flexibility can help align goals and create mutually beneficial outcomes. Ultimately, the success of a win-win model often depends on the specific context and the willingness of all parties to negotiate.

Rolls-Royce engines typically feature a unique, modular design that allows for easier maintenance and upgrades, with a focus on noise reduction and fuel efficiency. In contrast, General Electric engines often emphasize high thrust-to-weight ratios and advanced materials for durability and performance. Additionally, Rolls-Royce engines may incorporate a more streamlined nacelle design, while GE engines often utilize larger, more robust fan blades for enhanced performance. Overall, these design philosophies reflect each company's engineering priorities and target markets.

A prototype is typically build to better understand some aspect of the final project. If you don't intend to use any part of the prototype in the final produce, it can be said to be a throwaway.

Inter block gaps are spaces (or gaps) in the recording stream that separate physical records, or blocks. They allow an opportunity for the read/write heads to change mode as necessary.

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The INT 03 instruction on the 8086/8088 and higher class processors is a program generated interrupt that only requires one byte in the opcode. Often, this is used by a debugger, to plant breakpoints at certain points in the code. During the interrupt servicing routine, the original opcode would be restored so that it could be executed if desired.

Contrast this with the INT 01 instruction, which is actually a single step type of interrupt. In this case, the debugger sets the single step flag in the return PSW, and then simply returns to the program. No opcode needed to be planted, as there will be an automatic execution of just one instruction, and then the interrupt will occur.

The difference is in performance. INT 03 can allow the program to run at full speed until it hits the breakpoint. The downside is that, if the program does not make it to the breakpoint, the debugger will not be able to regain control without forcing an interrupt. INT 01 allows the debugger to examine the state of the program at every single instruction, allowing the implementation of complex rule based breakpoints. The downside is that program execution will be very slow.

Another name for propagation delay is latency.

A magic brain calculator operates by using mental math techniques and visualization strategies to perform calculations quickly and accurately without physical tools. Users typically practice specific methods, such as breaking numbers into smaller components or using mnemonic devices to remember formulas. The key is to strengthen cognitive abilities through regular practice, allowing for swift calculations in various scenarios. Ultimately, it's about enhancing mental agility and numerical intuition.

A supermarket would need an in depth inventory program that was tied to the sales registers and bar code readers. That would keep trasck on what was bought, what was sold, and what remained in inventory. The next part of the software would be to handle employees time. Time worked, sick time, vacation, and any other condition they might find important. The next would be for the Human Resources, to help in the hiring, training, and disciplinary actions of employees. There could be other things to track, but that would depend on supermarket, and what services they would provide. In many cases, some of the various departments are sub-contracted to other companies. Some of those services which may, or may not be handled by the supermarket chain include photography services, pharmacy services, automotive, sporting goods, paints, crafts, and so on.

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AMIETE: Associate Membership of Institute of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers

No, XOR gate is a not a universal gate. There are basically two universal gates NAND and NOR.

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semaphore is a variable providing mutual exclusion in following manner-

-It consist of two function called wait and signal,

wait()

{

while(semav==0);

semav--;

}

signal()

{

semav++;

}

where semav is semaphore.

we apply wait() and signal() in following manner-

while(true)

{

<entry section>;

wait()

<critical section>

signal()

<Exit section>

}

note that wait() always comes before signal(), a process is not allowed to execute critical section if the semaphore has a value 0 i.e. at most one process can execute critical section at a time.

Break down voltages happens at low voltages (.6 for silicon & .3 for germanium), whereas knee voltages at higher voltages. That's why its cheaper.

The consistency of software is measured during the process of user testing carried out either in-house or with a private beta test. Some of the main variables considered include reliability, performance, stability, and authentication issues.

Breaking down an organization into smaller business units/departments allows the organization to more efficiently and effectively manage the organization. For starters, people will know where to look for employees with specific skill sets. For example, if someone has a question about salaries, then they know to look for someone in the HR department.

Since employees of a specific department are often located in a specific physical location in an organization, finding a specific employee is simpler. Employees that serve similar purposes within an organization (e.g. HR, PR, IT) often have to work with one another. So by having them in the same physical location, they can communicate and work with one another more effectively. Having departments localized in specific areas of an office can also help streamline the office layout.