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WW1 Homefront
WW1 home front refers to the activities of the civilians during WW1. The governments of affected countries required their civilians to assist in the war effort. In the U.S., up to 30,000 women worked on the front.
353 Questions
What happened to the Christmas blow mold industry?
Multiple factors have led to the decline of the Christmas blow mold industry.
Fewer people now decorate for Christmas. It used to be almost every house was decorated in some way, now less then 50% decorate. With rental properties, many landlords will not allow people to decorate outside for fear of being sued in case of an accident. In addition, blow molds are very large & hard to store.
Inflatables became popular, these fit in a 12" square box & can be 12' in height. Cost increased in production, as every raw material has increased. Electricity costs have increased. This has led to a decline in Mfg & a decline in display as people seek ways to reduce their electric bill. Shipping costs escalated in recent years, leading to a further drop in sales. In many cases these days the shipping is more than the cost of the mold.
Stores no longer carried blow molds, they take up a lot of room. In addition many stores carried the same dozen items year after year, despite the fact that there were hundreds to choose from. If you already had the Santa, Snowman & candles that were carried every year, why buy more?
Now many Christmas enthusiasts are starting their own stores & buying in bulk from the Mfg & reselling. There is a high demand for older molds, & still a lot of demand for the new molds being produced.
What did officers eat during WW1?
officer ate bread cheese ham hot food and all thing nice ulike soldiers
The actual quote is "The lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime". On the evening of 3 August 1914, the day before Britain officially declared war with Germany, the British Foriegn Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, was watching the gas lamps being lit in London. He knew that war in Europe was now inevitable and he was deeply affected by the failure, including his own failure as Foriegn Secretary, to stop it. Moreover, he foresaw that such a war would have terrible consequences, far beyond that of the military conflict itself. And so, as the lamps were being lit in London, he was moved to observe, by way of metaphor, that the light of Europe was being extinguished and that the coming war would caste a shadow over Europe that would not be lifted in his lifetime. He died in 1933, a time when the consequences of WW1 were leading inexorably to the the rise of the Third Reich and WW11.
What should you do when you have the Spanish Flu?
The infectious disease that has been called Spanish Flu was another type of influenza that was particularly virulent and deadly and caused the pandemic of 1918-1919.
Unless you can go back in time, you may not be able to catch this anymore, as it is thought to have mutated to different strains that have changed them and their symptoms significantly. Swine flu was a similar subtype of influenza with similar characteristics in symptoms, however, it was not as deadly as the 1918 disease. Some viruses just "die out" and there is no further replication of them due to the mutations that frequently occur in viruses, especially flu and cold viruses.
At that time of the Spanish Flu, science also did not know about viruses as an infective agent. There was no treatment like we have today with the antiviral medicines. They also had not learned about use of antibiotics for killing bacteria until the late 19th century. Therefore, in 1918, antibiotics were not as developed and did not treat as many kinds of bacteria as the ones we have today can. Those who get secondary bacterial pneumonia now can be readily treated with antibiotics.
There is also now better treatment of "cytokine storm," which is thought to have been a complication of the Spanish Flu that added to the number of deaths. This is a complex complication of infectious diseases; sort of an "over-reaction" by the immune system.
Today we have no cures for the flu of any kind. However, it now can be treated with antiviral drugs (that lessen the duration and severity of symptoms), but that is not a "cure". We also can prevent many types of influenza with vaccines, and we have better treatment for the symptoms so we aren't as miserable.
So, if you would get Spanish Flu, it would be different than that in 1918. It would need to have a new vaccine developed, like was necessary with the Swine Flu in 2009. Until then, since it can't be prevented, you would treat the symptoms as we do with any other influenza illness today.
What was Woodrow Wilson's campaign slogan when we entered World War 1?
Wilson had already been reelected by that time, but his campaign slogan was "He kept us out of war."
How many died in World War 1 German sabotage called the Kingsland Explosion?
The Kingsland (Currently Lynhurst, NJ) Explosion was a munitions factory that produced 76mm high explosive shells. In a four hour time period the building was totally destroyed along with 500.000 rounds of munitions. The 11 January 1917 sabotage was conducted by a Theodore Wozniak who avoided capture and prosecution.
No one was killed. Credit for that miracle is given to Theresa "Tessie" McNamara, the plant's switchboard operator who remained at her post and rang each building in the complex and issued the terse command "Get Out or Go Up" before moving on to the next building.
What other problems occurred in World War 1?
"Displaced Persons" had to start all over again.
"Survivors" had to bear the grief inherent with loss of family and/or friends.
What is a poem and how is a song a poem?
because song is poem is poem and that's that's so should i be this confused?
World War 1 would be the end of European empires and new governments were formed. Turkey, Hungary, Russia, Germany and Austria would all come to form new governments. This was also the time when tanks were invented and many technological advancements were made; thusly making WW1 the 5th deadliest war in history. Europe was redrawn into smaller states and the League of Nations was formed.
How has the war in Iraq affected America so far?
Look at the gas prices, really if you see price gouging going on, there the answer! Keo
What fabrics did women in world war one use to make clothing?
During World War I, women's clothing took on a softer, less rigid appearance. Popular fabrics at the time included cotton and wool.
Why is foreign policy so important?
The world is increasingly inter-connected or "globalized" as some might say. We are no longer a handful of individual states. In large part we rely on one another for both economic and military support. How the rest of the world views one state is very important. Harsh foreign policy is often coupled with military action or economic embargoes. One might suggest that we shouldn't be complicated with foreign policy and not deal with the complications of other countries and become isolationist. What these people don't realize is that the very act of becoming isolationist is in fact foreign policy.
What are fundamental liberties?
Civil liberties are those guarentteed rights such as the right to live, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. There are rights such as freedom from slavery, torture, the right to a fair trial and due process as stated in the Bill of Rights and others are in the United States Constitution. The most known and heavily guarded is the freedom of free speech and press, the right to due process, the right to own property, privacy, freedom of religion. Basically the first 5 amendments of the constitution.
What was the decision in the US Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States?
The US Supreme Court held The Espionage Act of 1917 (ch. 30, tit. I § 3, 40 Stat. 217, 219) was constitutional.
The landmark case Schenck v. United States, (1919) set a standard for determining reasonable restrictions on the First Amendment right to free speech based on whether the speech, written or spoken, constituted a "clear and present danger." In this case, the danger was determined to be a risk to the United States' recruitment and conscription efforts during WW I, and in violation of the new 1917 Espionage Act; however, the concept has been used as a test in many cases through the years. The criteria for what constitutes unprotected speech was subsequently narrowed in Bradenburg v. Ohio, 395 US 444 (1969) when the Court upheld the First Amendment rights of the Ku Klux Klan.
Schenck v. United States is also the source of Holmes' famous quote about the First Amendment not protecting a person "shouting fire in a crowded theater."
Background
Charles T. Schenck, General Secretary of the Socialist Party, was convicted under the recently enacted Espionage Act of 1917 of attempting to interfere with the operation of the United States Armed Forces by urging men to resist the draft.
Schenck, in his capacity as an official of the Socialist Party, was in charge of the Socialist headquarters where the Executive Committee met. According to meeting minutes found on the premises, the committee had issued a resolution on August 13, 1917 that 15,000 leaflets should be printed and distributed to men who had been drafted or were eligible for the draft.
Schenck undertook responsibility for printing and mailing the circulars, while his co-defendant, Dr. Elizabeth Baer (named in the full caption), had recorded the meeting minutes.
Quoting the 13th Amendment prohibition against slavery and involuntary servitude, the Socialists claimed the 1917 Conscription Act (draft) violated the Constitution, and said that a conscript (draftee) is "little better than a convict." The pamphlet further claimed the draft was a "monstrous crime" against humanity, intended to benefit "Wall Street's chosen few." The literature also said, "Do not submit to intimidation," and exhorted men to "Assert Your Rights," but advocated only peaceful means of protest, such as petitioning for repeal of the Conscription Act.
Both Schenck and Baer were convicted in District Court of violating the Espionage Act, and appealed directly to the US Supreme Court.
US Supreme Court
In a brief prepared for the Court, Charles Schenck and Elizabeth Baer argued that "the fair test of protection by the constitutional guarantee of free speech is whether an expression is made with sincere purpose to communicate honest opinion or belief, or whether it masks a primary intent to incite to forbidden action, or whether it does, in fact, incite to forbidden action."1
Schenck further argued that his circular did not meet this standard because its clear intent was to persuade people to sign a petition urging Congress to repeal the Conscription Act, and did not recommend any action in violation of law.
The Justices and Schenck apparently disagreed about Schenck's intent.
Oliver Wendell Holmes, writing the unanimous opinion of the Court, concluded the pamphlet's intent was to influence drafted men to resist enlistment, which would obstruct the government's war effort. Holmes acknowledged the circular would have been protected under the First Amendment during peace time, but that the United States' engagement with Germany in war changed the context.
"The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that the United States Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right."
Citing the Espionage Act of 1917, Holmes later stated:
"The statute of 1917 in section 4 (Comp. St. 1918 , 10212d) punishes conspiracies to obstruct as well as actual obstruction. If the act, (speaking, or circulating a paper,) its tendency and the intent with which it is done are the same, we perceive no ground for saying that success alone warrants making the act a crime."
(Congress extended the meaning of the term "espionage" to include openly expressing public opinion under circumstances in which the expression could be construed as helping the enemy)
The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the lower court ruling and found against Schenck, who was jailed six months for his crime, and Baer, who was jailed for 90 days.
"Clear and present danger" was a test established Holmes established in the majority opinion for the Court.
Holmes' writing in Schenck was criticized for his use of the word "tendency," in describing the potential effect of exercising free speech. The "bad tendency" concept originated in 17th-century English case law, and its vagueness implied a potential for restricting free speech in the absence of actual danger.
Holmes took the criticism to heart, and was more careful not to frame subsequent First Amendment issues in terms that undermined the Bill of Rights.
These early cases that imposed rigid restrictions on free speech, ostensibly to preserve law and order, were overturned by Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 US 444 (1969), which held that the government cannot restrict inflammatory speech unless its intention is to incite, or is likely to incite, "imminent lawless action."
1 Philip B. Kurland and Gerhard Casper, eds, 18 Landmark Briefs of the Supreme Court of the United States: Constitutional Law 1037-38 [University Publication 1975]
Case Citation:
Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919)
For more information, see Related Links, below.
Actual quote, "The lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime." Sir Edward Grey, British Foreign Secretary, 3 August 1914
Why did having alliances make World War 1 worse?
having alliances involved more nations in world war I Germany got in because it was an ally of Bulgaria. France and Britain got in because they were both allies with sebiria
How did the hardships of World War 1 affect Australian fashion in the 1920's?
The hardships of world war one affected Australian fashion for women especially. Due to their participatin in world war one it gave them independence, and confidence knowing that they can work equally as the men. The women in the 1920's were very different from a decade ago, and it was not only shown in their fashion but also in their social life and activites as well. There outfits became more "radical" and shorter and their new form of independence was seen. Their social life also changed as the women started to smoke and drink in public and wear there new outfits which not only showed them to be of a higher social standing but also gave the women of this decade more confidence and freedom.
and thay wanted to be treated as equals.so thay took on more maskline jods.
Under what circumstances might conscription be necessary?
I assume your question refers to The United States in our current circumstances, i.e. the War on Terror. I come from the Cold War generation that faced a universal draft. In fact, I volunteered for the army because I knew if I didn't I'd be drafted. I served through the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Berlin Wall. I was serving when President Kennedy was shot and we weren't sure whether there was a conspiracy or if the Soviets were involved. We didn't stop the draft until 1973, just two years before we finally gave up and got out of Vietnam.
Under what circumstances might conscription be necessary? Whether you agree with the war in Iraq or not, the bottom line is that our all-volunteer military is stretched perilously thin in Iraq and Afghanistan. We have not been able to capture Osama bin Laden or any of his higher ups. The War in Iraq has nearly sucked dry the energy of all the Armed Forces. We are extending tours for our soldiers, and some of our troops have done three tours so far in either Iraq or Afghanistan, with no end in sight. The troops we have are becoming exhausted, and enlistment rates are down, especially for the army.
Despite the Pentagon's own admission that our self sacrificing volunteer troops are nearing the breaking point, the present administration is rattling the saber at both Iran and North Korea over nuclear weapons and other issues, especially the mounting evidence that Iran is providing deadly weapons and training to terrorists in Iraq. Should we somehow end up in a war with either or both, where would the soldiers come from? It's at that point that I think conscription might be necessary. It could even become necessary should enlistment rates fall to the point that we can no longer supply the troops to keep up the "surge" in Iraq, if the next administration chooses to continue the fight. If the all volunteer force is too small and depleted to do the job, history shows that the government is likely to turn to conscription. It did in the Civil War and both World Wars, not to mention The Cold War and Vietnam.
The really big question is, what happens if the government tries to reinstate the draft? How many young people would obey the law? How many would burn their draft cards or flee? Do we conscript women? Should women fight? (They do now.) Do we have to agree with a war in order to fight it? Can those who don't agree say No? These are all questions I personally hope we never have to answer.
Which nation was Austria-Hungary's closest or biggest ally?
Germany was the biggest central power in WW1 but the Otoman Empiere also was in it with Austria Hungary.
