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Endocrine System

The endocrine system is made up of glands which control and coordinate body functions and maintain homeostasis inside the body.

500 Questions

What causes adrenal gland cancers?

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Asked by GaleEncyofMedicine

Adrenal gland cancers, also known as adrenocortical carcinomas, are rare and typically occur when normal cells in the adrenal glands change (mutations) in their DNA. These mutations can lead to the uncontrolled growth of cells, forming a cancerous tumor. While the exact causes of these mutations are often unclear, several risk factors and genetic conditions are associated with an increased likelihood of developing adrenal gland cancers. Here are some factors that may contribute:

Genetic Predisposition:

In some cases, individuals may inherit genetic mutations that increase their susceptibility to adrenal gland cancers. Certain genetic syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, have been linked to an elevated risk of adrenal cancer.

Hereditary Conditions:

Some hereditary conditions, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and Lynch syndrome, may be associated with an increased risk of adrenal gland cancers.

X-ray Exposure:

High doses of radiation, particularly to the abdomen, may increase the risk of developing adrenal cancers. However, this is a rare cause, and most adrenal cancers are not linked to radiation exposure.

Age and Gender:

Adrenal gland cancers can occur at any age but are most commonly diagnosed in individuals between the ages of 40 and 50. They are slightly more common in women than in men.

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome:

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a rare genetic condition that increases the risk of various cancers, including adrenal gland cancers. Individuals with this syndrome have a mutation in the TP53 gene.

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome:

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by overgrowth and an increased risk of certain childhood cancers, including adrenal gland cancers.

Carney Complex:

Carney complex is a rare genetic syndrome that can be associated with adrenal gland tumors, among other conditions. It is caused by mutations in the PRKAR1A gene.

Unknown Factors:

In many cases, the exact cause of adrenal gland cancers remains unknown. They often develop sporadically, without a clear genetic or environmental trigger.

What are the survival rates for thyroid cancer?

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Asked by Wiki User

Thyroid cancer is generally associated with very high survival rates. The prognosis for thyroid cancer is often favorable, with the majority of patients surviving the disease. Survival rates can vary depending on the specific type and stage of thyroid cancer. Here are some general survival rate statistics:

Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Papillary thyroid cancer, the most common type, has a high survival rate. The 5-year relative survival rate for localized papillary thyroid cancer is approximately 99%, meaning that almost all patients with localized disease are alive 5 years after diagnosis. Even for regional (spread to nearby lymph nodes) or distant (metastatic) disease, the 5-year survival rate remains relatively high at around 93%.

Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Follicular thyroid cancer also has favorable survival rates. The 5-year relative survival rate for localized disease is approximately 97%. For regional disease, it's about 86%, and for distant disease, it's around 67%.

Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Medullary thyroid cancer has slightly lower survival rates compared to papillary and follicular types. For localized disease, the 5-year relative survival rate is around 98%. For regional disease, it's about 89%, and for distant disease, it drops to approximately 41%.

Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, and survival rates are much lower. The 5-year relative survival rate for this type is generally less than 10%, and many cases are fatal.

What is the function of adrenal glands in frogs?

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Asked by Wiki User

The function of the adrenal gland is to secrete hormones.

How can you tell if an older cat has thyroid problems?

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Asked by Wiki User

Our cat began losing weight while still eating the normal amount. He was also more active than usual. It was confirmed with a blood test. Our cat began losing weight while still eating the normal amount. He was also more active than usual. It was confirmed with a blood test.

Who has the more active thyroid gland cats or humans?

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Asked by Wiki User

Both cats and humans can end up with hypothyroidism, a condition that causes them to have low thyroid levels. Cats typically get this condition late in their life, while people can get hypothyroidism in adulthood.

Is Sobe Adrenaline Rush Energy Drink discontinued?

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Asked by Wiki User

There are many reports that this drink was discontinued at one time, and that may be fact, but currently (November 2011) they are being produced in limited supply. The following quote was taken directly from a SoBe representative on their Facebook page:

SoBe Unfortunately, Adrenaline Rush is made in very, very limited supply now. You can check out our Store Locator to see if it's sold near you: http://www.pepsicobeveragefacts.com/storelocator/index600.html (Here's the shortcut for how to find it: Home > Energy Drinks > SoBe Adrenaline Rush > Adrenaline Rush Regular)

I am able to find it in both North and South Carolina. Many people have complained, so hopefully they will listen. Please comment on their Facebook page and sign this petition if you'd like it mass produced again:

http://www.petitionspot.com/petitions/sobeadrenalinerush

http://www.facebook.com/sobe

Can you drink coffee after thyroid surgery?

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Asked by Wiki User

You may drink coffee in moderation without worrying. The latest scientific information shows that 1-2 cups of coffee a day are safe. I'd stay away from multiple super-venti-grand-giganto lattes with extra shots, though! The only problem with too much coffee would be that you'd be more jittery than normal because of the thyroid medication. Basically, you can tell if you've had enough coffee. When you start feeling jittery, it's time to stop and drink less next time.

Why does your sweat have salt?

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Asked by Wiki User

Depends how much you consume salt. There might be a few cups.

What does endocrine dysfunction affect our life?

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Asked by Wiki User

Endocrine dysfunction can have a significant impact on various aspects of a person's life. The endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate numerous bodily functions. When there is a dysfunction in this system, it can lead to imbalances in hormone levels, resulting in a wide range of physical, emotional, and metabolic effects. Here are some ways in which endocrine dysfunction can affect a person's life:

Metabolism and Weight: Hormonal imbalances can lead to weight gain or weight loss. Conditions like hypothyroidism can slow down metabolism and cause weight gain, while hyperthyroidism can lead to weight loss.

Energy Levels: Hormones play a crucial role in regulating energy levels. Fatigue is a common symptom of many endocrine disorders, such as adrenal insufficiency and diabetes.

Mood and Emotions: Hormonal imbalances can affect mood and emotions. For example, imbalances in thyroid hormones can lead to depression or anxiety. Hormonal fluctuations during menstruation and menopause can also influence mood.

Reproductive Health: Endocrine disorders can impact fertility and sexual function. Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and low testosterone can affect reproductive health.

Bone Health: Hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, play a role in maintaining bone density. Hormonal imbalances can lead to conditions like osteoporosis.

Cardiovascular Health: Hormones like cortisol can affect blood pressure and cardiovascular health. Conditions like Cushing's syndrome, which involves excess cortisol production, can increase the risk of heart disease.

Blood Sugar Regulation: Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels. Diabetes, a common endocrine disorder, involves problems with insulin regulation and can lead to serious health complications if not managed properly.

Skin and Hair: Hormonal imbalances can affect the skin and hair. Conditions like acne and hirsutism (excessive hair growth) can be related to endocrine dysfunction.

Thyroid Function: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism and energy. Thyroid disorders can have a broad impact on various bodily functions.

Cognitive Function: Hormones can influence cognitive function and memory. Conditions like hypothyroidism can lead to cognitive impairment.

Quality of Life: Overall, endocrine dysfunction can significantly impact a person's quality of life. The symptoms and complications associated with these disorders can be physically and emotionally challenging.

It's important to note that many endocrine disorders are treatable, and management often involves medications, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring by healthcare professionals. Early diagnosis and treatment can help minimize the impact of endocrine dysfunction on a person's life and improve their overall well-being. If you suspect you have an endocrine disorder, it's essential to seek medical advice and undergo appropriate testing for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

What function does a birds pineal gland accomplish?

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Asked by Wiki User

It brings the bird into a condition suitable for breeding.

What is echotexture?

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Asked by Wiki User

What is heterogeneous echotexture

What food contain insulin?

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Asked by Wiki User

No food contains insulin. Insulin is an hormone that is produced within the body. Diabetics that need to take insulin for their condition have to take it via injection.

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the production of thyroxine and TSH?

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Asked by Wiki User

The hypothalamus produces TSH Releasing Hormone (TRH) that signals the pituitary to tell the thyroid gland to produce more or less of T3 and T4 by either increasing or decreasing the release of a hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

What hormones are released from the adrenal gland?

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Asked by Wiki User

The adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, are endrocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys in mammals. For humans, the right gland is triangular shaped while the left gland is semilunar shaped. They are responsible for releasing hormones in conjunction with stress through the synthesis of corticosteroids such as cortisol and catecholamines, such as epinephrine. Adrenal glands effect kidney function through the secretion of aldosterone, a hormone involved in regulating plasma osmolarity.

What would happen if enzyme amylase is absent in saliavary gland secretions?

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Asked by Wiki User

Starch and glycogen would not be able to be digested and sugar would not be able to be formed.

Can you burn out a pancreas?

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Asked by Wiki User

If the pancreas was to brust i really dont know what would happem..

How do you remove the goiter?

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Asked by Wiki User

A test is done, thyroid radioactive uptake, to see the size of the goiter. There is a possibility that the goiter will shrink without the need for surgery. The other removal method is surgery. Have a doctor determine these.

How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar and how are they different?

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Asked by Wiki User

1. They both are communicators of the body. The endocrine is a slow communicator and the nervous system is a fast communicator.

What is thyroid nuclear scan?

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Asked by Wiki User

A thyroid nuclear medicine scan is a diagnostic procedure to evaluate the thyroid gland, which is located in the front of the neck and controls the body's metabolism.

A radioactive substance that concentrates in the thyroid is taken orally or injected into a vein (intravenously), or both. A special camera is used to take an image of the distribution of the radioactive substance in and around the thyroid gland. This is interpreted to evaluate thyroid function and to diagnose abnormalities.

i hope that this answer helped you..!

What diseases affect the adrenal glands?

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Asked by Wiki User

Addisons disease and Cushing's syndrome are two diseases that affect the adrenal glands.

Is a TSH level of 9.7 considered normal?

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Asked by Wiki User

According to the lab sheet print out from my internist's office, normal TSH values run between 0.4 and 5. There does appear to be much controversy over what these "normal" values are as they do vary slightly depending upon where you are researching this info.

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No, it is not normal. As the above poster state every lab determines its own normal range and so there will be some variation in exactly where the cut off will be. However, 9.6 will be listed as abnormally high from any lab. The TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) is the brain's signal to control how much hormone the thyroid puts out so a high level implies low thyroid function (the brain is asking for more).

Interestingly, while every lab would list that as abnormal, and most doctors would give thyroid hormone in response, studies suggest that most people do not feel symptoms or benefit from treatment until it is above 10.

Which endocrine gland that is composed of an anterior and posterior lobes hangs from the infundibulum below the hypothalamus?

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Asked by Wiki User

The pituitary gland hangs from a stalk from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus of the brain.

A relatively rare life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism?

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Asked by Wiki User

Graves' Disease.

It is the most common cause of Hyperthyrodism and Goiter.

Graves' Disease causes toxic Goiter which than ]will present with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis such as palpitations, hyperactivity, weight loss despite increased appetite, and heat intolerance.