Biochemistry

Yes, protein pills or protein supplements in pill form are available in the market. These pills are typically made from protein sources like whey, casein, or plant-based proteins and are used to supplement protein intake for individuals who may have difficulty meeting their protein needs through diet alone.

Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. The general properties of matter such as color, density, hardness, are examples of physical properties. Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties. Flammability and corrosion/oxidation resistance are examples of chemical properties.

I've spent a great deal of money going to eye doctors and on medicines over the past 10 years trying to find a cure for my "leaky eyes." One tiny bottle of eyedrops was more than $100 and not covered by insurance. I used that for months with absolutely no change. The only thing that seems to give relief, though temporary, is the boric acid compress. My father used it, but since he's long gone, I could only guess at the measurements. I was using a half teaspoon per cup which didn't seem to do any harm and dried my eyes for short periods of time. Although I tend to believe mine is not conjunctivitis since my problem doesn't respond to topical or internal antibiotics or anything the MDs have prescribed, I did find a great deal of information at this web site: http://www.health911.com/remedies/rem_conju.htm At www.dryeyepain.com/Practical3-Vit_Compr.htm - 41k they list 1/8 teaspoon of boric acid powder to 1 cup sterile water.

It is unlikely. Vitamin D deficiency is most commonly associated with bone problems. However, the full interaction of hormones and other body chemistry on the functioning of the brain is not fully understood. One possible connection between Vitamin D and bipolar is that the main source of vitamin D is exposure to sunlight. Lack of exposure to sunlight can trigger a mood disorder closely associated with bipolar: seasonal affective disorder.

If you have been tested and found to NOT be phenylketonuric, go for it. If you ARE phenylketonuric, any amount of aspartame can cause serious problems. Laws in most states require that infants be tested for phenylketonurea before they are allowed out of the hospital. If you were born in a hospital, you have been tested. If you have eaten a banana and not gone into siezures or suffered serious brain damage, you are NOT phenylketonuric and you could safely consue the amount of aspartame that is in 12 diet cokes every day. On the other hand, you SHOULD be concerned with the phosphoric acid and some of the other chemicals that are in soft drinks, and restrict your intake of them. === === Note: This information required a Freedom Of Information Act request to pry it from the reluctant hands of the FDA. Nutrasweet (brand name for Aspartame) was not approved until 1981, in dry foods. For over eight years the FDA refused to approve it because of the seizures and brain tumors this drug produced in lab animals. The FDA continued to refuse to approve it until President Reagan took office (a friend of Searle) and fired the FDA Commissioner who wouldn't approve it. Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes was appointed as commissioner. Even then there was so much opposition to approval that a Board of Inquiry was set up. The Board said: "Do not approve aspartame". Dr. Hayes OVERRULED his own Board of Inquiry. Shortly after Commissioner Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr., approved the use of aspartame in carbonated beverages, he left for a position with G.D. Searle's Public Relations firm. Long-Term Damage. It appears to cause slow, silent damage in those unfortunate enough to not have immediate reactions and a reason to avoid it. It may take one year, five years, 10 years, or 40 years, but it seems to cause some reversible and some irreversible changes in health over long-term use. METHANOL (AKA WOOD ALCOHOL/POISON) (10% OF ASPARTAME) Methanol/wood alcohol is a deadly poison. People may recall that methanol was the poison that has caused some "skid row" alcoholics to end up blind or dead. Methanol is gradually released in the small intestine when the methyl group of aspartame encounter the enzyme chymotrypsin. The absorption of methanol into the body is sped up considerably when free methanol is ingested. Free methanol is created from aspartame when it is heated to above 86 Fahrenheit (30 Centigrade). This would occur when aspartame-containing product is improperly stored or when it is heated (e.g., as part of a "food" product such as Jello). Methanol breaks down into formic acid and formaldehyde in the body. Formaldehyde is a deadly neurotoxin. An EPA assessment of methanol states that methanol "is considered a cumulative poison due to the low rate of excretion once it is absorbed. In the body, methanol is oxidized to formaldehyde and formic acid; both of these metabolites are toxic." The recommend a limit of consumption of 7.8 mg/day. A one-liter (approx. 1 quart) aspartame-sweetened beverage contains about 56 mg of methanol. Heavy users of aspartame-containing products consume as much as 250 mg of methanol daily or 32 times the EPA limit. See the nearby links for an official FDA view and an independent assessment.

To maintain constant the pH of a solution.

HGH is just about the only thing that will stimulate growth, but it will only work up to the point when the growth plate closes on the long bones. That is usually shortly after puberty. You will need to go to a doctor to get that kind of hormone therapy. There are many supplement manufacturers who are willing to claim that their preparation will help you grow taller. Those preparations are guaranteed to separate people from their money, but do nothing for growth. You need vitimins and minerals so you can live longer and they can help your bones.

Monosaccharides are classified by the number of carbon atoms and the types of functional groups present in the sugar. For example, glucose and fructose have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6), but a different structure: glucose having an aldehyde (internal hydroxyl shown as: -OH) and fructose having a keto group (internal double-bond O, shown as: =O). This functional group difference, as small as it seems, accounts for the greater sweetness of fructose as compared to glucose.

The hopkins-cole test is used to determine the presence of the amino acid tryptophan. Tryptophan has an indole nucleus which is responsible for the violet ring found at the junction between the two layers.

The key principles involved in crystallization include solubility, supersaturation, and nucleation. Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. Supersaturation occurs when the solution contains more solute than it can normally dissolve at that temperature. Nucleation is the process where the solute molecules come together to form crystal nuclei, which grow into larger crystals.

That's actually not that difficult. If one wishes to answer this question in depth, feel free, but all one must do is test them separately. Just put glucose and your indicator (most-likley benedict's solution) in separate beakers, and then heat them both. Nothing will happen to either of them.

A triglyceride is a type of fat found in blood and tissues. It consists of three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol backbone. Triglycerides are a major energy source for the body and are formed from excess calories consumed.

Because without it we would all die

Hi, The DNA Helix is simply another name for DNA, and such name is used because DNA is in a double helix shape. The DNA is what determines who you are and therefore is found in every cell in our body. It is the genetic information of a human being and it contains genes, which are what determines our traits. For example, there are genes that control eye color, hair color, size of body...etc.

Potassium butyrate is commonly used as a food additive and flavoring agent. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a medication to treat certain gastrointestinal conditions. Additionally, it has potential applications in animal feed to improve gut health and digestion.

Usually water and Isopropyl Alcohol and sometimes some aromatic fragrances. Isopropyl alcohol is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C3H7OH), which makes it an organic compound. Isopropyl alcohol comes from wood grain. Rubbing alcohol is typically 70% isopropanol and 30% water. Isopropanol is propane (C3H8) with one of the middle hydrogens knocked off and replaced with a hydroxyl (OH). The formula for isopropanol is C3H8O, or writing the formula to show how the atoms are connected, it would be (CH3)2CH-OH Should be nothing more than isopropyl alcohol and perhaps some water. Some preparations also add some food coloring (green, usually), so it doesn't look like water.

Phosphate ions are used as a buffer because there are three protonated forms (H3PO4, H2PO4-, and HPO42-) that have pKa in the correct range. The pKa for the three listed forms of phosphate are 2, 7 and 12 respectively.

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Do you mean a blood enzymes test, or more generally, enzymes in the blood? Enzymes are proteins that carry out chemical reactions (as opposed to structural enzymes). Most of the detectable enzymes in the blood come from the various tissues and organs of the body. Abnormal levels may reflect problems with a particular organ. The most common blood enzymes test is for liver enzymes. When the cells of the liver are damaged, such as from a viral infection, their enzymes can leak out and be detected in the blood. Another common test measures enzymes from heart damage, such as from a heart attack.

"Bacilla" is most likely a misspelling or mispronunciation of "bacteria," which are single-celled microorganisms found in various environments. They can be beneficial or harmful to humans and play a crucial role in ecosystems.

Boiling mineral water will not change its mineral content or composition. The only change that may occur is the loss of some volatile substances, such as gases, but the minerals will remain the same.

Free radicals, also known simply as radicals, are organic molecules responsible for aging, tissue damage, and possibly some diseases. These molecules are very unstable, therefore they look to bond with other molecules, destroying their health and further continuing the damaging process. Antioxidants, present in many foods, are molecules that prevent free radicals from harming healthy tissue.

Your body comprises trillions of cells. Cells, in turn, are made up of many molecules. Molecules consist of atoms joined by chemical bonds. Atoms consist of neutrons, protons, and electrons. The number of positively charged protons in the atom's nucleus determines the number of negatively charged electrons surrounding the atom. Electrons orbit an atom in one or more shells. When the innermost shell has two electrons, it is full; when the second shell has eight electrons, it is full, and so on. Chemical reactions involve the transfer of electrons, which bond atoms together to form molecules. The number of electrons in an atom's outer shell is an important way to determine its chemical behavior. A substance that has a full outer shell tends to be inert and tends not to react chemically. Atoms reach this state of stability by gaining electrons to fill their outer shells, or by bonding together with other atoms and sharing electrons in order to complete their outer shells.

When molecules split, they normally don't leave molecules with unpaired electrons. But when weak bonds split, they leave one or more molecules with unpaired electrons, called free radicals. Free radicals are positively charged, very unstable, and react quickly with other molecules, to acquire the electron they need to gain stability. Generally, free radicals acquire an electron from the nearest stable molecule. The molecule that loses an electron then becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction. Once the process is started, it can cascade. Excessive free radicals in your cells can attack the cell membranes, causing cell and tissue damage. Free radicals can also break strands of DNA (the genetic material in your cells), which can lead to cancer.