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Buildings

A building is a permanent construction or structure that is built for human habitation. It may be for housing, commerce, industry, education, or other purpose. Questions pertaining to the history and construction of structures which house people at work or home are found in this category.

4,546 Questions

How many feet in one story?

residential - 8' ceiling height means approx. 9'/story because of joist thickness.

commercial - 10'/story, but that's a wild guess

What kind of house does esperanza want?

Esperanza wants a real house. A house that has stairs, a house where you can take a shower without telling anyone, ect

What is a 'substantial' building?

A substantial building is now referred to as a heroon. A heroon (plural heroa, also called a heroum) was a shrine dedicated to an ancient Greek or Roman hero and was used for the commemoration or worship of the hero. It was often erected over his supposed tomb or cenotaph.

How much money does an architect who builds skyscrapers earn a year?

Architects don't "build" skyscrapers, they design them. Give credit where credit is due, IronWorkers build skyscrapers.

How does brickwork cladding fix onto wall cladding in portal frame buildings?

By using a stainless steel angle support or channel support rail set in concrete Brick work would be placed on these types of support

What is the pitch per foot for drain pipe to the sewer system for figuring correct drainage?

One should also check the local codes .

When I install 8" diameter waste or soil or storm lines I know I can use 1/16 in per ft BUT I have to use considerably less fixtures connected to this line then if I increased the pitch to 1/2" per ft

What are the advantages of Sustainable construction techniques?

Energy efficiency: The less energy you use, the more money you save. Resource Conservation: Setting your printer to the "print double-sided" default setting will save paper, requiring you to buy less of it. Healthy Indoor Environments: Because indoor air quality is often MUCH, MUCH worse than outdoor air quality due to toxins in paint, walls, furniture, clothing, etc., using low VOC (volatile organic compounds) paint and plywood that is processed without formaldehyde are just two of the things to do to decrease indoor air-toxicity. Additionally, big windows that open allow fresh air and natural light into the building, increasing the productivity and happiness of workers. Studies have demonstrated that auxillary benefits such as these often entice highly skilled workers away from better paying positions that don't offer good indoor environments. Overall Sustainability: Each time you choose something that "Reduces, re-uses, or recycles" you are contributing to the overall health and longevity of our planet. It's these simple choices that lead to bigger steps, as market interest breeds industry innovation. Look for wood that comes from well-managed forests (see FSC certified wood), use material that is generated locally (this cuts down on carbon emissions from shipping costs). For more information regarding tax breaks and other incentives, look up the LEED program for new construction.

Is vinyl or steel siding better?

====== I would have to say vinyl siding. It is vertually maintance free and it is less apt to get dinged up and also resist outside temperature and weathering than metal siding. Good luck.

Where is the oldest freestanding building in the world?

Ggantija temples located in Xaghra, a village in Gozo, Malta.

What was the first skyscraper?

The 10-story Wainwright Building is generally considered to have become the first skyscraper in 1891.

Another contender for the title was the Metropole Building in London, completed in 1885.

Which is the highest building in the world?

The tallest building in the world is Burj Khalifa Tower in Dubai, U.A.E. It is the tallest man-made structure ever built. Its total height is 828 meters or 2717 feet and has 160 habitable storeys.

The construction of the building started on 21st September 2004 and It was officialy innagurated on 4 January 2010. It is now part of 2 sq.km area of Downtown Dubai at First interchange along Shiekh Zayed Road.

The total cost of the project was US $ 1.5 billion. The building was renamed at the opening ceremony as Burj Khalifa, Its previous name was Burj Dubai.

1:- Records

The Burj Khalifa has set a number of World Records. The list of them is as follows:

• Tallest skyscraper to top of spire: 828 m (2717 ft)

• Tallest structure ever built: 828 m (2717 ft)

• Tallest extant structure: 828 m (2717 ft)

• Tallest freestanding structure: 828 m (2717 ft)

• Building with most floors: 160

• World's highest elevator installation, situated inside a rod at the very top of the building

• World's fastest elevators at speed of 64 km/h (40 mph) or 18 m/s (59 ft/s)

• Highest vertical concrete pumping (for a building): 606 m (1988 ft)

• Highest vertical concrete pumping (for any construction): 606 m (1988 ft)

• The first world's tallest structure in history to include residential space

• Highest outdoor observation deck in the world (124th floor) at 442 m (1450 ft)

• World's highest mosque (located on the 158th floor)

• World's highest installation of an aluminum and glass façade, at a height of 512 m (1680 ft)

• World's highest swimming pool (76th floor)

Facts and Figures:

Location

Dubai, UAE

Construction period

2004-2010

Ground Breaking

January 2004

Compeletion

1 October 2009

Official opening

4 January 2010

Usage

Mixed

Height to Roof

828 meters

Height to Top floor

621.3 meters

Floors

160 habitable in addition to 46 mantinance level and 2 parking levels in basement

Floor Area:

464511 sq. meters

Design:

The Design of the building has been inspired from a number of factors the most influential of them are Islamic style of design and Hymennocallis flower, a common desert flower found in Arabian Desert.

The tower is composed of three elements arranged around a central core. The modular, Y-shaped structure, with setbacks along each of its three wings provides an inherently stable configuration for the structure and provides good floor plates for residential. Twenty-six helical levels decrease the cross section of the tower incrementally as it spirals skyward.

The central core emerges at the top and finishes in a sculpted spire. Viewed from the base or the air, Burj Khalifa is evocative of the onion domes used in Islamic architecture.

Floor Plan:

The following Floor plan was used for the building:

1. The two Basement levels are used for parking levels. The concourse, Ground and 1st to 8th floors are used for Armani Hotel.

2. The 9th to 16th levels will be used for Armani Residences.

3. 17th and 18th floors will be used for mechanical purposes.

4. 19th to 37th floors will also be used for Armani Residences.

5. 38th and 39th levels will be used for Armani Hotel Suites.

6. 40th to 42nd levels will be used for mechanical purposes.

7. 43rd level will be used for sky lobby.

8. 77th to 108th levels will be used for residences.

9. 109th and 110th levels will be used for Mechanical purposes.

10. Level 111 to level 121 will be used for Corporate suites.

11. 122nd level will be used for Atmosphere restaurant.

12. Level 123 will be used for Sky lobby.

13. Level 124 will be used as the Observatory deck.

14. Level 125 to 135 will be use for Corporate suites.

15. Level 136 to 138 will be used for mechanical purposes.

16. Level 139 to 154 will serve as Corporate Suites.

17. Level 155 will be used for mechanical purposes.

18. Level 156 to 159 will be used for Communication and Broadcasting.

19. Level 160 and above ones will serve for mechanical services.

Interior Design:

The interior design team of the tower was led by award-winning designer Nada Andric. It features glass, stainless steel and polished dark stones, together with silver travertine flooring, Venetian stucco walls, handmade rugs and stone flooring.

Artwork:

Over 1,000 pieces of art from prominent Middle Eastern and international artists will adorn Burj Khalifa.

Construction:

The construction team for the tower consisted of 12000 workers and contractors who were from more than 100 nations.

The construction timeline of the tower is as follows:

January 2004Excavation started February 2004 Piling started March 2005Superstructure started June 2006 Level 50 reached January 2007Level 100 reached March 2007Level 110 reached April 2007Level 120 reached May 2007Level 130 reached July 2007Level 141 reached - world's tallest building September 2007Level 150 reached - world's tallest free-standing structure April 2008Level 160 reached - world's tallest man-made structure January 2009Completion of spire - Burj Khalifa tops out September 2009Exterior cladding competed January 2010Official launch ceremony

Over 45,000 m3 (58,900 cu yd) of concrete, weighing more than 110,000 tonnes were used to construct the concrete and steel foundation, which features 192 piles buried more than 50 m (164 ft) deep. Burj Khalifa's construction will have used 330,000 m3 (431,600 cu yd) of concrete and 39,000 tonnes of steel rebar.

The tower accomplished a world record for the highest installation of an aluminum and glass façade, at a height of 512 metres. The total weight of aluminum used on Burj Khalifa is equivalent to that of five A380 aircraft and the total length of stainless steel bull nose fins is 293 times the height of Eiffel Tower in Paris.

The amount of rebar used for the tower is 31,400 metric tons - laid end to end this would extend over a quarter of the way around the world.

How tall does a building have to be in order to be classified as a skyscraper?

A minimum height of approximately 150 meters or 492.12 feet is often used as a criterion for a building to qualify as a skyscraper. Other criteria like shape and appearance may also affect whether or not a building is considered a skyscraper.

Are dome homes difficult to maintain?

Dome homes are generally much easier to maintain than most "conventional" structures. The reason being is that the domes require less roofing to enclose the same amount of square footage as a rectangular structure and the roofing is subjected to much less stress from prolonged heat. The entire roof is never exposed to direct sunlight at the same time, therefore, the sun will "move across" the dome allowing the triangles to cool off as it does, thus preventing as much heat buildup as is prevelant in a flat or panel pitched roof. Also, the lack of an attic space greatly cuts down on convection heating of the exterior of the roof and the interior of the dome itself, not to mention that you get more useable space inside the home. The exterior walls are also easier to maintain because they are generally shorter and require less materials to cover, again, to incorporate the same square footage of space. Domes in general only require about 60% of the materials to build as compared to a rectangular structure of the same square footage. I have been involved with designing and building domes for over 30 years and people are constantly reporting to me that the maintenance costs are much less for the domes than for the home that they had before....and we aren't even considering the energy savings, which can be as much as 70%. Many have reported that the 30 year roofing that they purchased is actually lasting 30 years, or more. If a dome is properly constructed and roofed, then the maintenance costs will be considerably less than most homes being built today.

How much money do architects earn year?

It depends on the location of job, what state, if you have a 4 year degree or masters, etc. Look up some wages on the internet. Look under salaries, wages, through search engines. You can compare low wages, medium, and high depending on where you live and how much experience etc.

How long does it take for GM Motors to build a vehicle at the assembly line?

Well I have been through the GM plant. It takes about 2 hours from start to finish.

AnswerIt takes a little longer then 2 hours to build a complete vehical. A vehical may come off the line about every 3 to 8 minuts, but it takes about 2 day to build a vehical from start to finish.

When I worked at the GM plant in Moraine, Ohio a truck rolled of the line every 47 seconds, not 3 to 8 minutes. A truck was made, start to finish, in about 20 hours (if I remember correctly)

What would cause a central heat and air unit to not cool at all but switch to EM heat when turned to cool?

Answer

thermostat is wired wrong or something damaged thermostat wires. check where they enter (outdoor) unit. may have abraded on metal edge.

Sounds like you have a cooling problem somewhere. The light for EM heat is also what we call a "you have a problem light". Does the outdoor unit run at all? Or does your emergency heat actually kick on, heat out of ducts?

yes the blower blowsheat out of ducts

Which is the biggest building in Dubai?

Burj Dubai at the moment. 818m

Al Burj (2013) 1200m

Dubai City Tower (2024) 1600m

Is there a rotating tower in Dubai?

Yes. The tower is know as The Dynamic Tower (or the Dynamic Architecture Building or the Da Vinci Tower). The tower is designed by Italian architect Dr. David Fisher. The Dh11b 80-storey Dynamic tower will be 420 metres tall and located on Shaikh Zayed Road.

How is the Eiffel Tower maintained?

SETE - Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel. This is a limited public-private company which holds the franchise until 2015. The City of Paris owns 59.9 percent, and various finance houses the rest (except for 0.01 percent belonging to the Paris Tourism and Congress Office). Separate companies run the souvenir stalls, the restaurants and biffets, the telescopes, the ATMs and the guided tours. Profits are about 4 million euros a year (less tax), resulting from a revenue of 66 million, of which 24 go to personnel, 9 to the City of Paris in royalties, 14 to paying of debts. These are th#e figures I can find; the rest, presumably, goes on maintenance and refitting, of which there is a lot.

For more details, see http://www.tour-eiffel.biz/en/business-activity