Buildings

Lighthouses have always been important for helping ships to navigate away from rocks and reefs that pose dangers to them.

Owings and Merrill Skidmore were the architects

Just did a science fair project on this. Its 700 meters per minute, and it is in the burj Khalifa.

Oak furniture is made from solid oak, or oak planks, which is pieced together/ sculpted to create the desired form.

The horizontal part of the crane (the top of the 'T') is assembled on the ground first then jacked up for the first section of the tower to be inserted. The assembly is continually jacked up allowing more and more sections to be slotted in until the required height is reached. Some towerblocks are built in a similar way with the roof first being assembled at ground level then jacked up for floors to be built below. These are known in the UK as "jack blocks" but I'm not sure whether this is an official term or an international one for that matter. Alasdair Bailey

A 50 scale is used to make measurements on a construction plan. If a plan is said to be in 50 scale, then a length of one inch on the ruler is the equivalent of 50 feet on the plan.

The Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi India.

When an architect designs a building (or any small part of one), he/she must understand the products that will ultimately go into the building. Before the architect can understand the product, they have to know what products are out there!

Sweets catalog(s) allow the architect to peruse a list of building products that they can then use to investigate further by contacting the company, visit company website, list company in specifications, etc.

Examples of products truly run the gamut - everything from bricks, park benches, movie theater seats, flag poles, windows, door hardware, light fixtures, and so on.

Because this is such a broad range of products, the catalogs are arranged according to the system developed by the "construction specifications institute". For example, if an architect is looking for a company/product dealing with interior finishes (carpet, ceiling tiles, gypsum board), they can go straight to the catalog dealing with these items (division 9).

No. This was once believed but has since been disproven. The pressure drop inside a tornado is insufficient to cause significant damage. Damage is caused instead by the wind in the tornado and debris carried by it. Even in a tornado of moderate intensity, this damage would put enough holes in a building to equalize pressure rather quickly.

They would all fall down and people would die under them. Take a look online of pictures of earthquakes in villages in Italy or Greece.

The forum was a reflection of Roman civilisation, rather than something which had an impact on it. It was a product of this civilisation.

The city of Rome had two types of fora: the forum civilium and the forum venalium. The former was the civic forum and the latter was the commercial forum, or market. The forum civilium was the civic centre and the heart of a city and its public, political, judicial and administrative life. It was comparable to a city centre. It had a comitium, the place where the popular assemblies met to vote, public speeches were made and public debates were held. It had a senate house. Roman towns had their own local senate, modelled on the senate of the city of Rome. It had the courts were trials were conducted and administrative offices. It had public buildings (basilicas), shops, entertainments and important temples.

In the city of Rome the Forum or Forum Magnum as the Romans called it (Roman Forum is a modern term) which was a forum civilium, also had the aerarium (the treasury) which has in the temple of Saturn, the tabularium (the state archives) which was built on the slope of the Capitoline Hill, the regia (the residence of the Pontifex Maximus, the chief priest of Roman state religion) and the saenaculum (which was a place where the senators gathered before the entering the senate house for formal summons). It had several platforms for public speeches. The oldest one was called the rostra (plural of rostrum). The name came from the six rostra (warship rams) of captured warships which were and mounted to its side. It faced the north side of the comitium towards the senate house. Later it came to be called Rostra Vetera (Elder Rostra) when other platforms were built. These were called rostra with the addition of the name of their builders or the person it honoured. There was also the Graecostasis at the southwest end of the Comitium, to the west of the rostra. The name refers to the Greek ambassadors for whom the platform was built after the annexation of mainland Greece. It became a platform for representatives of foreign nations and dignitaries from the Roman provinces (conquered territories).

The city of Rome also had four other fora civilia (plural of civilis) which are called imperial fora because they were built by emperors, even though one of them was built by Julius Caesar, who was not an emperor (it was named after him). The others were named after the emperors who had them built: Augustus, Vespasian, Nerva and Trajan

The city of Rome had several fora (plural of forum) venalia (plural of venalium): the Forum Boarium (cattle market) the Forum Suarium (meat market) the Forum Piscarium (fish market) the Forum Holitorium (vegetable market) the Forum Vinarium (wine market) the Forum Pistorium (bakers' market) and the Forum Cuppedinis (delicatessen market).

Civil or Structural Engineer is the primarily responsible for it. But then we need to investigate the construction quality if it is constructed as per design and specifications?

Unexcavated simply means "untouched earth" or "natural earth."

Fazlur Rhaman Khan is an architect and structural engineer. He was regarded as the "father of tubular design for highrises". The influence of Khan's tube structure design can be seen in numerous buildings built since the 1960's.

Construction was completed in 1806.

Congress

I own a Casio fx 880p pocket computer, and I've used it to process many formulas that I use at work. The computer has ten program areas, P0 to P9, which are accessed by selecting "mode 1" and then (S)hift (0)zero. P 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 29648 READY P0 This will be the display indicating that on the left areas 0 to 9 are vacant, and on the right the memory available for programming. The display is 2 lines by 32 character, which is good for viewing results. The computer is programmed using Basic, a computer language used during the 80's for pocket computers. Each line written requires a line number, so the computer can recognise the sequence in which to process the program when its written. This is an example of a simple program written in Basic for the Casio fx 880p. 5 PRINT"R.P.M. PROGRAM" 10 CLEAR 15 INPUT"Cutting Speed?",S 20 INPUT "Diameter?",D 25 R=S/(D*.003141) 30 SET F0 35 PRINT"R.P.M.=";R 40 END This program will ask the question; Cutting Speed? eg. 152 It will then ask the next question; Diameter? eg. 600 It will then display the answer; R.P.M.= 81 After the program is written the computer mode has to be changed to Mode (0)zero, which changes it from "Program" mode to "Run" mode. This means that it will now activate the program that has been written. To activate the program select (S)hift then (0)zero The program will now run. Program area (0) now has a program in it, and if you go back to "Mode (1) then an asterisk will be displayed in area (0), indicating a program is written. Most people that own these computers can write programs using Basic, and to get the best out of them an understanding of this language is important. I've given you a small glimpse into how to program the computer, but there's so much more that can be done with them.

In 1895, a house there was bought by Eugene Field, dubbed "the children's poet" by someone (mebbe his own publisher) or some group. Field died only 5 months after buying the house. In 1926, a large apartment building was constructed on the site, and given the street numbers of 4240-48. Today it is 4240-42. The April 20, 1926, building permit (#4948) shows that the original owners of the apartment building were "Delott & Greenberg" and the architect was "L. Guiser."

I was told by my realtor that it was a swanky hotel in the 1920s.

I heard that it was actually a brothel. Al Capone used to frequent it.

The Willis Tower.

In 1973.

Wooden Cladding

A multifaceted procedure called wood cladding entails coating the outsides of any building or structure with a layer of high-quality materials that offer thermal insulation and defence against the elements. The outer surface frequently affects how objects strike or land on a surface.

Types of Wooden Cladding

Ipe Cladding

Ipe, often known as Brazilian walnut, is a stunning exotic wood from South America. Its name is pronounced, "Ee-Pay." Structures made of ipe wood are robust, durable, and naturally impervious to decay, abrasion, weather, and insects. It is up to five times tougher and almost twice as dense as other types of wood.

Thermoash Cladding

The term "Thermoash Wood'' refers to the heat treatment procedure that timber undergoes to increase its tensile strength and stability, making it the perfect timber for outdoor use. The thermoash wood is chemical and resin-free and entirely natural, and the manufacturing procedure for thermowood employs no chemicals.

WPC Cladding

Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs) are composite materials of thermoplastics like PE, PP, PVC, or PLA with wood fibre/wood flour. WPC is now referred to as a sort of flooring with an extruded hard core and top vinyl veneer, according to those in the flooring industry.

khufu's pyramid

A bridge can certainly be a frame structure, especially when it is a Truss bridge. This type of bridge utilizes a system of fastened steel (or other materials) members. These members are oriented so that they carry the loading vectors in vertical and horizontal directions. Even a simple beam span could be considered a frame with the piers as its legs.