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Pakistan
Pakistan is an Islamic country in South Asia consisting of four federal territories and four provinces. With an estimated population of 170.6 million as of 2011, Pakistan is the second biggest Islamic population in the world.
7,331 Questions
What are the social classes in Pakistan?
A social class is a homogeneous group of people in a society formed on the combined basis of 1. Education 2. Occupation 3. Income 4. Place of residence And have who have similar social values similar interest in life and they behave a like have approximately equal position of respect or status in a society. The social classes of Pakistan. 1.Upper social class2. Middle social class 3. Working social class 1.Upper social class. The upper social class which generally have high level of income and belong to be most high paying profession and they live in most cleanest place of the country and money will be no problem for them and their size is 2% of the total society and approximately 3.7 million they have 60% to 65% of money of the country. They are actually 1. High status leadership 2. Big business man 3. Top management of the company 2. Middle Social Class. The USC and MSC education are met different like USC study in foreign country like oxford university and MSC are study in local university of their country but income size will found more different their houses are different their house are not huge and not think for a huge house of defense and think a house of Gulshan-e-iqbal their population is 28% out of the total population their population is 53 to 54 million of the total population They are actually 1. They are small to medium size business man. 2. Middle management 3. Low ranking govt officer And the big difference in USC and MSC is house concentration they focus more to their house but USC not so much home focus they are less and MSC lot home focus. 4.Working Social Class.The WSC are not much more educated they are not in very accurative profession their income is low and they build one two room poorly houses, electricity not available water etc.Their size is 70% out total population of Pakistan. They are actually 1. They are very small size shop owner. Skill, semi skill & unskilled 2. Low grade govt staff ( peons, driver) 3. Poor former 4. Political worker
Which city of Pakistan is the coldest?
Skardu, located in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, is known to be the coldest city in the country. It experiences extremely low temperatures during the winter months due to its high altitude and proximity to mountain ranges.
What are the fourfold linguistic aims of teaching English language in Pakistan?
The fourfold aims of teaching English are to enable the student to listen to English and to understand what is being said, to speak English clearly and to be understood, to read English and to comprehend what is being read, and to write clearly in English and be understood, with a mastery of the grammar and mechanics of English.
Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah studies law in Britain. He got enrolled at Lincoln's Inn Law college and did Bar at Law at a very young age.
Were Harappans and Rid Vedic Hindus?
There has been a strong campaign by Hindu fundamentalists and Indian nationalists in trying to make wild hegemonic claims on ancient peoples who have very little to do with them. Unfortunately, a few respected scholars have also been manipulated into promoting their agendas and vested interests. This article in particular covers the ancient peoples of Indus Valley (Pakistan) called Harappans and Rigvedic Aryans (who were the ancestors of most Pakistanis) with facts that prove they were not Hindu debunking those Hindu/Indian claims. There is no evidence whatsoever to suggest that Harappans and Rig Vedic Aryans were Hindu.
Harappans:
Not a single Hindu idol/deity/temple has been excavated at Indus sites. Plus evidence shows that Harappans ate beef and buried their dead. This is what the renowned historian John Keays states on the religion of Harappans:
"The religion of Harappans is unknown. No site has certainly been identified as a temple and most suppositions about sacrificial fires, cult objects and deities rest on doubtful retrospective references from Hindu practices of many centuries later. Such inferences may be as futile as, say, looking to Islamic astronomy for an explanation of the orientation of the pyramids. In short, these theories are all fanciful and do not bear scrutiny.
"Depicted on some Harappan seals, is that of a big-nosed gentleman wearing a horned head-dress who sits in the lotus position, an air of abstraction and an audience of animals. He cannot be the early manifestation of Lord Shiva as Pashupati, `Lord of the Beasts.' Myth, as has been noted, is subject to frequent revision. The chances of a deity remaining closely associated with the specific powers - in this case, fertility, asceticism, and familiarity with the animal kingdom - for all of two thousand years must raise serious doubts, especially since, during the interval, there is little evidence for the currency of this myth. Rudra, a Vedic deity later identified with Shiva, is indeed referred to as Pasupati because of his association with the cattle, but asceticism and meditation were not Rudra's specialties nor is he usually credited with an empathy for animals other than kine. More plausibly, it has been suggested that the Harappan figure's heavily horned headgear bespeaks a bull cult, to which numerous other representations of bulls lend substance.
"Similar doubts surround the female terracotta figurines which are often described as mother goddesses. Pop-eyed, bat-eared, belted and sometime miniskirted, they are usually of crude workmanship and grotesque mien. Only a dusty-eyed archaeologist could describe them as `pleasing little things.' The bat-ears, on closer inspection, appear to be elaborate head dresses or hairstyles. If, as the prominent and clumsily applied breasts suggest, they were fertility symbols, why bother with millinery? Or indeed miniskirts?"
The Harappan seals depicting the sitting man/deity wearing horned headdress (which Hindus claim as so called Shiva). Similar to this horned Harappan man/deity is the horned Celtic Cernunnos that was worshipped in parts of ancient Europe:
So obviously Harappans did not worship Shiva, not even close! With Hindu hegemonic claims would ancient Europeans also be considered Hindu since the Celtic Cerrunos looks very similar to the horned Harappan deity? By the way, it is the cow that's worshipped in Hinduism whereas bull has a minor role. Bull was much more sacred in ancient Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cultures similar to the popular Harappan bull.
This is further supported by Encyclopaedia Britannica:
"The Bull Cult was a prehistoric religious practice that originated in the eastern Aegean Sea and extended from the Indus Valley of Pakistan to the Danube River in eastern Europe .... The Bull Cult continued into historic times and was particularly important in the Indus Valley and on the Grecian island of Crete. In both places the bull's 'horns of consecration' were an important religious symbol."
On the non-Hindu beliefs/customs of Harappans, Richard K. Hines states:
"Similar to the cultures of ancient Middle East, it appears that the Indus religion recognized some type of life after death. Unlike Hindus who practice cremation, Indus people carefully buried their dead in wooded coffins with their heads facing north and the feet pointing south. Included in the graves were pottery jars containing food and weapons for use in the afterlife."
And on beef as a common aspect of Harappan diet, Dr. Kamal Lodaya states:
"Meat was an important part of Harappan diet which included beef, mutton, fowl, fish, and other animals."
Rig Vedic Aryans:
Now coming to the Aryans.. The concept of Aryan Race is nonsense invented by the Nazis. But what is historically correct is that Aryans were an ancient people who originally inhabited Central Asia and later migrated southwards to the regions stretching from Iran to northwest India. These early Aryans had a similar language, race, culture, and religion with many variations. The Aryans of Iran were later influenced by the Elamites and Babylonians. The Aryans of Pakistan were later influenced by the Harappans. The Aryans of north India were later influenced by the Dravidic-Mundic natives giving birth to Hinduism. Of course in later centuries other peoples also invaded/migrated bringing other influences/mixing.
The Aryans associated with the Rig Veda and Sapta Sindhu (i.e. today's Pakistan region) were definitely not Hindu because they did not follow the Hindu caste system, they ate beef, sacrificed cows, culturally were closer to Avestan Iranians, forbade idolatry, etc. Also, not a single Hindu idol/temple has been excavated from the Rig Vedic Aryan period.
Here are some excerpts that support my views:
"The evidence of the Rig Veda shows that during the centuries when the Aryans were occupying the Punjab and composing the hymns of the Rig Veda, the north-west part of the subcontinent was culturally separate from the rest of India. The closest cultural relations of the Indo-Aryans at that period were with the Iranians, whose language and sacred texts are preserved in the various works known as the Avesta, in inscriptions in Old Persian, and in some other scattered documents. So great is the amount of material common to the Rig Veda Aryans and the Iranians that the books of the two peoples show common geographic names as well as deities and ideas". (Pakistan and Western Asia, By Prof. Norman Brown)
According to A. L. Stravrianos on the non-Hindu nature of Rig Vedic Aryans:
"The word Veda means knowledge. There were originally four Vedas, but the most important is the Rigveda, which is also the oldest. The Rigveda is a primary source for study of the early Aryans; it is in essence a collection of 1028 hymns arranged in ten books. Per the Vedas, Aryans worshiped elements of nature in personified forms, and idolatry was forbidden.
"In Rig Veda, the gods of Dyaus is the same as the Greek Zeus (Roman Jupiter), Mitra is the same as the Graeco-Roman Mithras, Ushas is the same as the Greek Eos (Roman Aurora), and
Agni is the same as the Graeco-Roman Ignis.
"The image of the Aryans that emerges from Vedic literature is that of a virile people, fond of war, drinking, chariot racing, and gambling. Their god of war, Indra, was an ideal Aryan warrior: 'he dashed into battle joyously, wore golden armor, and was able to consume the flesh of three hundred buffaloes and drink three lakes of liquor at one time'.
"When they first arrived in the South Asia the Aryans were primarily pastoralists. Their economic life centered around their cattle and wealth was judged on the basis of the size of herds. As the newcomers settled in fertile river valleys, they gradually shifted more to agriculture. They lived in villages consisting of a number of related families. Several villages comprised a clan, and several clans a tribe, at the head of which was the king. The king's authority depended on his personal prowess and initiative, and was limited by the council of nobles, and in some tribes by the freemen.
"The outstanding characteristics of this early Aryan society was its basic difference from the later Hinduism. Cows were not worshipped but eaten. Intoxicating spirits were not forsaken but joyously consumed. There were classes but no castes, and the priests were subordinate to the nobles rather than at the top of the social pyramid. In short, Aryan society resembled much more the contemporary Indo-European societies than it did Hinduism that was to develop in later centuries in the Gangetic Valley."
Further supports how a few Aryans who later migrated eastward towards India slowly became Hindu because of Dravidic-Mundic influences:
"The castes were hardened by the time the Aryans occupied the middle land i.e., the Gangetic Valley and distinguished themselves from their brethern in Sind and the Punjab who were despised by them for not observing the rules of caste .... and for their non-Brahmanical character." (Sindhi Culture, By U.T. Thakur)
"While some Aryans had by now expanded far into India, their old home in the Punjab, Sind and the north-west was practically forgotten. Later Vedic literature mentions it rarely, and then usually with disparagement and contempt, as an impure land where sacrifices are not performed." (The Wonder that was India, By A.L. Bhasham)
This is further supported by Dr. Gurupdesh Singh:
"From geographical information in the RigVeda, the Vedic Period (1500-500 BC) was confined to the northwest. The hymns composed by Vedic mystics/poets of the northwest (Saptha Sindhva) tell that the Vedic peoples worshipped non-Brahmanical Gods (Indra, Varuna, Mitra), ate cows, elected their chiefs, drank liqor, considered the Punjab rivers to be sacred, and refer to people living to the south in the gangetic region as 'Dasyas'! None of the gangetic Brahmanical gods (e.g Ram, Krishna, Vishnu, Brahma, etc.) are mentioned in RigVeda hyms nor do they appear in connected Aryan Avestan texts and Hittite tablets. Avestan terms for soldiers ('rathaestar') and citizens ('vastriyo') are similar to Vedic-derived terms (kshatriyas, vasihyas) but the Avestan term for priest ('athravan') is not even close to 'Brahmanas'. Moreover, central Gangetic religious texts like the Mahabharta and VarnaAshramDharma of Manu call the Vedic Aryans in Saptha Sindhva 'mlechas', 'sudras' and 'vratyas'; 'forbid Brahmins' from even visiting the northwest country ('Vahika-desa'); and depict dark Dravidian Gods like Krishna fighting and defeating Vedic Aryan gods like Indra (Mahabharta). Similarly, the RigVeda contains taboos and injunctions against the 'dasya-varta' region to the south of Saptha Sindhva and praises Indra (god of thunderbolt) for victories over 'dasya-purahs' (dasya cities).
"Both early RigVedic and gangetic Puranic sources clearly point to ethnic, cultural and religious differences and a 'clash of civilizations and nations' at the ganga indicating that the Vedic people and culture of the northwest did not accept the gangetic priests, their gods, shastras, religion, culture and Brahmanical caste ideology. The eastern gangetic heartland is not only historically a separate region, but geographically resides over 1500 miles to the southeast of the Saptha Sindhva country. Uptil the advent of Mohammed Ghori in the 13th century, the northwest was politically unified with southasia only 92 years under the Mauryas (out of 27 centuries) since the start of Saptha Sindhva's Vedic period (1500 BC).
"A few Vedic tribes from Saptha Sindhva broke RigVedic norms and migrated southward. These numerically outnumbered groups expanding into the trans-gangetic region near the end of the Vedic period (8-6th century BC) tried to use the indigenous Dravidian priesthood to entrench themselves as the new ruling order. Within a few generations of acquiring control over the foreign Gangasthan, the minority Vedic tribes were usurped by the indigenous 'borrowed' priesthood; their Aryan religion, gods and customs mostly deposed and supplanted with indigenous gangetic gods and mythologies; and their new social order (varna or color based) replaced with the pre-existing profession (jati) based Brahmanical caste system ('chatur-varna' ). Through religious manipulation and intrigue, the Vedic in-comers to Gangasthan were usurped and made to surrender their political rule and soon pigeon-holed into becoming the loyal obedient chownkidars of their 'superior' dravidic Brahmanas."
Now coming to idolatry which is an integral part of Hinduism, there are clear evidences of early Aryans rejecting it :
"They are enveloped in darkness, in other words, are steeped in ignorance and sunk in the greatest depths of misery who worship the uncreated, eternal prakrti-the material cause of the world-in place of the All-pervading God, but those who worship visible things born of the Prakrti, such as the earth, trees, bodies (human and the like) in place of God are enveloped in still greater darkness, in other words, they are extremely foolish, fall into an awful hell of pain and sorrow, and suffer terribly for a long time."-Yajur Veda 40:9.
"The Formless Supreme Spirit that pervades the universe can have no material representation, likeness or image."-Yajur Veda 32:3.
Also, early Aryans had a Monist belief of worshipping elements of nature (in non-idolatrous personified forms): "There is only one God, worship Him" (Rig Veda, Vol. 6, Hymn 45 vs 16 ) and "Do not worship any one beside Him" (Rig Veda Bk. 8, Hymn 1, Vs 1)
Then there are clear evidences in the Rig Veda that Aryans regularly ate beef and sacrificed cows for religious purposes which are strictly forbidden in Hinduism:
Hymn CLXIX of the Rig Veda says: "May the wind blow upon our cows with healing; may they eat herbage ... Like-colored various-hued or single- colored whose names through sacrifice are known to Agni, Whom the Angirases produced by Ferbvour - vouschsafe to these, Parjanya, great protection. Those who have offered to the gods their bodies whose varied forms are all well known to Soma" [The Rig Veda (RV), translated by Ralph H. Griffith, New York, 1992, p. 647]. In the Rig Veda (RV: VIII.43.11) Agni is described as "fed on ox and cow" suggesting that cattle were sacrificed and roasted in fire.
Rigveda (10/85/13) declares, "On the occasion of a girl's marriage oxen and cows are slaughtered", and Rigveda (6/17/1) states that "Indra used to eat the meat of cow, calf, horse and buffalo."
Quoting from Rigveda, historian H. H Wilson writes, "the sacrifice and consumption of horse and cow appears to have been common in the early periods of the Aryan culture."
Conclusion:
Finally, to claim that Hinduism has been evolving is simply a very weak argument. Every religion is identified with a set of beliefs and customs making it distinct and recognizable from others, including Hinduism. Any people and religion can claim of their beliefs and customs evolving, but when a change occurs it represents a new identity. For example, Catholic Christianity is not the same religion as ancient Roman Paganism. Therefore, since Harappan and Rig Vedic Aryan religions were very different from Hinduism's beliefs and customs, they cannot be Hindu. Additionally, Harappans and Rig Vedic Aryans of Indus/Pakistan region were geographically a distinct people having no association with Gangetic Valley and the rest of most India where Hinduism was born in later centuries, nor did they call themselves Hindu.
In conclusion, all the evidence proves that Harappans and early Aryans were not Hindu. The hegemonic and imperialistic Hindu fanatic and Indian nationalist claims on them are simply false propaganda based on myths and distorted history.
What is the teaching method in Pakistan?
Teaching method in Pakistan is good not very. We have the qualified teachers but they are not able to teach the children very well they just learn the things to the children and transfer the basic knowledge to the students so our children are not able to do any kind of job they are not ready to face the difficulties of life because they do not have the basic experience.
For Example when we call our students to please come on dies they are not ready and this is the fault of our poor educational system and our teachers and also the students are responsible in which.
LIKE when we call our students on dies they feel hesitation and feel uncomfortable i am talk about our elder students who are studying in MBA, M.COM, M.SC not the small children means students.
Is waves electronics a Pakistan company?
Yes, Waves Electronics is a Pakistan-based company that specializes in the manufacturing and distribution of electronic appliances such as televisions and home appliances. It was founded in Lahore, Pakistan.
Factors effecting on the curriculum developments in Pakistan?
Some factors influencing curriculum development in Pakistan include government policies and regulations, societal needs and values, educational trends and research, teacher qualifications and training, and technology advancements. These factors play a significant role in determining the content, structure, and focus of the curriculum to meet the needs of students and prepare them for the future.
History of Pakistan automobile in Pakistan?
Automobile industry is not in full swing in Pakistan. There are a few world class automobile manufacturers working in Pakistan. Suzuki started its operations in 1978, afterwards Toyota started its assembling unit in Pakistan. In 1986 Honda started its operations in Pakistan. The important thing to mention is here that Star, Habib and other local manufacturers have also started their operations after 2000.
How many schools are affiliated with aga khan board in Pakistan?
Aga Khan Board is the finest board in Pakistan. It will take time for this board to make its mark and I am sure, if they start accepting positive criticism, they will grow with much higher capacity. Aga Khan Board has affiliated many schools in Pakistan like Habib School, Nasra School , Aga Khan School, etc. There are colleges like Aga Khan College, Fatmiya College, Karachi Cambridge School, etc., offering higher secondary courses as well. Below given is the article related to aga khan board, published in newspapers, written by me. Examination is one of the core focused parts of assessing students capability, which helps them to know that what they have learned during their academic year. If the examinations are not conducted in a proper flow, then there might be a chance of loosing some brilliant stars of the future ahead. In the recent years, we have seen that the problems such as lack of transparency in examination, unexpected marks, wrong assessment system, bribery, rote learning based curriculum, inefficient books, etc., have become a routine of all the boards in our country, which made people to think about the revival of the education system in Pakistan. Many initiatives are being taken by our government to increase the literacy rate of our country, but no body is clearly changing the wrong-implemented education and examination system policies, which needs to be focused vividly. Although, there are around 27 boards, which are catering examination in Pakistan, e.g. Sindh Board, Federal Board, etc., but despite of all their efforts, students are not satisfied yet with the assessment and education system. After analyzing all these problems, The Aga Khan University took this initiatives and after the approval, formed a board, and claimed that the students will be given chance to show their capability without having any unfair with them. The AKU-EB was created in response to a group of schools in Karachi , who appealed to Aga Khan University for an alternate examination board that encouraged the development of reasoning in the students. On the encouragement of the Government of Pakistan, AKU-EB was granted the approval through an Ordinance in November 2002. The AKU-EB also claimed and emphasized that their examination system will be free from all the flaws. When the Parents and students heard of this board, they gradually took interest and entered their children to the schools, which catered The Aga Khan Board Examination System. Finally, all the students and parents were happy to see the bright future of their children. The schools started teaching the AKU-EB curriculum from 2005. The board gave certain guidelines to the schools and teachers about the course books and how it was to be taught; but the proper explanation of the curriculum was not given to the teachers professionally, due to which they failed to deliver that to the students. Most of the schools even not recommended the standard books to the students to practice from, and thus based the curriculum on rote learning as same as of other boards. Few of the schools even forced their students to learn Sindh Board Books for the examination. This all happened because the proper guidance of books was not given to all the schools offering AKU-EB. Only few schools such as Habib Girls, Nasra School, etc., teachers were planned and knew every thing about the curriculum; but what was the fault of the other teachers, who were not given the proper guidance by the AKU-EB. The course teaching methodology and the books of all the schools are different from each other. Although the curriculum is approved by the Ministry of Education, but the books, according to the new examination pattern is not yet developed. The Aga Khan Board just developed their approved Urdu Book, which is out of the minds of students due to irrelevant selected chapters. Even the methodology of learning and its objectives and evaluating exercises at the end of the chapter are not given at all. Due to inappropriate knowledge about the subject books, students worries what to learn and from where. In the year, 2006, the first Mock Practice examination took place, in which around all the Aga Khan Board approved schools participated. This examination was held to prepare the students for the future burdened composite examination. The results were announced and seeing the worst ever results never expected, students got shock. One of the brilliant students of Hampton School answered the question that despite of maintaining the highest score in his school examinations, he got the least percentage in the mock examination. Another student of the Progressive Public School answered that he failed in all the subjects, although he was pre- planned and mentally prepared to give the mock papers. It is truly said that whenever a professional work is to be done, it is to be done with the pre-planning. But The Aga Khan Board lacks the professional curriculum development. AKU-EB does not understand the requirement of the students and teachers yet. The new evaluation system was although encouraged in Pakistan, but the miserable course outline is burdening the students and teachers. Although the curriculum is approved, but The Aga Khan Board failed to developed teacher resource books. AKU-EB is just giving the names of the topics, knowing the facts, that the teachers in Pakistan require vigorous trainings in education before teaching. Most of the schools are hiring the teachers to teach the Aga Khan Board curriculum, who are just a Graduate. Moreover, the workbooks developed by the Aga Khan Board are not very interesting due to which, the schools such as The Aga Khan school teachers gave the workbooks to the students to fill it from home in just a one day, despite of knowing the fact, that this work book needs to be completed along with the chapters. Especially the English Workbook is a burden for students, because even the teachers of most of the schools don't know how to fill it. This year, the composite examination of the Aga Khan Board also took place in which at least 21% students are declared as fail. The curriculum was too heavy to meet the mind level of the students. Plus the composite examination system is considered as one of the burdens on Pakistani students. The brilliant students, whose phenomenal works were once appreciated by the schools, got the least percentage in their composite examination this year. Few of the students also complained that many irrelevant questions came in their examination from the chapters, which were not even explained in the academic year by the schools. When we interviewed some schools teachers, they told us that they were not aware about the irrelevant topics that came in the paper. One of the brilliant students, Hussain did not get admission in the Aga Khan College, because he was told that his marks are not competitive. But the teachers of his schools told us, that he was the best student of the school throughout the academic year. Another student ABC torn his mark sheet and left the AKU-EB forever. Most of the private colleges have not taken AKU-EB students in their colleges due to low mark scores. The second mock papers were also held this year for the second batch students of the AKU-EB. The results shocked most of the students, because most of the students are declared as fail in at-least one of the subject. One student XYZ told me that she is good at Mathematics and she had also given the O-levels examinations 2 years back, but joined the Aga Khan Board to compete the Pakistani students. But knowing, that she failed in her Mathematic paper, distressed her. Another student Zehra told us, that most of the questions in Chemistry, Mathematics and specially Islamiat were given that were not included in their school curriculum and were not taught to them. One more revealing truth, which unveiled was the lack of transparency in the examination board. Due to certain city circumstances, few of the mock papers were delayed in most of the schools. But it was taken in few of the schools on the commenced day, due to which the paper leaked out. I personally saw three Mock Papers theft by the students of some schools, where the mock papers were held on the same commenced day. They sold that paper to the students, whose paper were postponed. This view alarmed me. One of the student, ABC, who bought that paper got the highest marks in his mock papers, although failed in those subjects in his school examination. Half of the population of the students is now planning to shift towards the Matric examination board again, because their wishes to get good marks ended in smoke after seeing the results. The new students, who set their mind to join AKU-EB, are still thinking whether to join this board or not. I personally believe that the Aga Khan board is one of the best future boards of our country, but it requires proper flow to move on. The books are not planned. The teachers of the AKU-EB are not pre-planned. Students are not well informed how to move on for their examination practice. The course book has not yet developed by the AKU-EB for the students. The course is unexpected in the examination. The workbooks are not being implemented properly and even teachers feels burden to make students fill that. The mock papers 2007 leaked out, is also an issue of concern. The board is charging the highest re-checking fees from the Pakistani students, although claiming that this board is for every class of students in Pakistan. The marking system in examination is not customary in the conceptual questions. Student's opinions are not given priority at all. Few of the school students decided to leave the Aga Khan Board and joined the Sindh Board, despite of knowing the fact that the Sindh Board has the lack of transparent system of examination. But they are assured that at least they can get their expected marks in that board. At present the Secondary School Certificates of the public sector examination boards is not accepted overseas, but at least, their mark schemes are not very embarrassed. Most of the private colleges are not accepting AKU-EB students due to their low scores, but the Sindh board students got approval in most of the private colleges due to their good grades. One of the brilliant students XYZ got 90% in her Sindh Board Examination this year. She told me that if she would have appeared in the AKU-EB paper, she might have failed to get such good percentage. This expression of one of the students shows that the AKU-EB needs to re-evaluate their policies according to the expectations of the future leaders of our country. The AKU-EB is the only hope in the eyes of the future students. They want this board to function properly so that they could also enter this board. Although this board has brought many changes in our examination system and has developed a challenging task for other boards to compete, but if they amend certain policies, then, doubtless, this board would be the best board of Pakistan in the future ahead.
Munir Moosa Sewani is one of the famous, prominent and creative names in the field of Education since 8 years. He is a Master Trainer In Special Education, Post Graduate, Teacher Educator and a Teacher. He is a Freelance Writer and Photographer too. He is an author of the famous self-published storybook for children named as "The MORAL STORIES FOR CHILDREN" and has also written Biology course book for Secondary Classes. He has written almost more than 30 articles on social, health, educational and cultural issues, which are internationally recognized and published on most of the famous world wide websites, magazines and newspapers. He is also a Social worker, private tutor, career counselor, musician, lyrics writer and have multi- dimensional talents. His future plan is to write dozens of informative books and articles and to work for education and media too.
List of multinational companies in Pakistan?
Some multinational companies operating in Pakistan include Unilever, Nestle, Procter & Gamble, Coca Cola, PepsiCo, and GlaxoSmithKline. These companies have established a significant presence in the Pakistani market across various industries.
Give the reasons for the uneven distribution of population in Pakistan?
The uneven distribution of population in Pakistan can be attributed to factors such as geographic features like mountains and deserts that limit inhabitable areas, historical patterns of settlement, economic opportunities in urban areas, and social factors like cultural preferences and availability of resources. Additionally, government policies and infrastructure development also play a role in shaping population distribution in the country.
What are medical tests to join Pakistan army?
After clearing basic fitness, educational and intelligence tests, you will have to clear many medical tests in order to qualify to join Pakistan Army. TB, AIDS, Hepatitis B, C etc are a few tests you will have to clear.
What is Pakistan foreign policy?
Following are the main objectives of Pakistan's Foreign Policy:
1. The Maintenance of Pakistan's Sovereignty
The sovereignty means the supreme power which is eternal, universal, indivisible, imperceptible and the most supreme in its existence.
The foreign policy is formulated by the head of the government and foreign minister of the country. In some countries, the legislature has considerable oversight as well. These policy makers, in Pakistan, have strove to maintain the sovereignty of Pakistan in the document of Foreign Policy excessively. The policy makers have preserved the sovereignty and independence of Pakistan in international milieu in connection with its economic, technological, industrial and also the its cosmopolitan civilization.
2. The Regional Integrity
The regional integrity is the objective of every country's foreign policy. Pakistan's foreign policy makers and decision makers have safeguarded the regional integrity of Pakistan as well. It discusses its concern over Afghanistan alternatively in different stances, but clearly calls it important for the existence of Pakistan, and being an Islamic country it shares a amicable stance with Afghanistan.
3. Energy Security
With almost concerning the neighbor Afghanistan, Pakistan has tried to secure her energy interests as well through the different treaties as ECO. Pakistan is involved with Central Asian and Middle Eastern countries for her energy interests. Saudi Arabia is the largest exporter of Petroleum to Pakistan.
4. (Continued)
What are the geo-political determinants of foreign policy of Pakistan?
Pakistan's foreign policy is influenced by its relations with key powers like China, the United States, and neighboring India. Additionally, security concerns, especially related to Afghanistan and the threat of terrorism, play a significant role in shaping Pakistan's foreign policy decisions. The country's historical rivalry with India and the quest for Kashmir also have a major impact on its foreign policy choices.
Should Pakistan become a secular state?
It is always good for a country to be secular, when people from different religions live together. But scenario in Pakistan is different. Pakistan wanted to be Muslim country, so it got separated from India. One should not forget about many riots and killings of ethnic and persons from a different religion. Hindus, Sikhs suffered a lot. Christians live in fear. If referendum is allowed for secularism, we shall get a clean picture. But that will not happen soon.
What is the average life expectancy in Pakistan?
The average life expectancy in Pakistan is around 67 years for males and 68 years for females.
How long do people live for in Pakistan?
The life expectancy in Pakistan is around 67 years for males and 68 years for females. However, factors such as access to healthcare, education, and socio-economic status can impact individual life expectancy.
What is geopolitical importance of Pakistan?
Definition:
The study of the relationship among politics and geography, demography, and economics, especially with respect to the foreign policy of a nation.
Location:
In 1947, possessing a unique geographical location, Pakistan consisted two distant parts; the West Pakistan, in the Indus River basin and the East Pakistan (later on became Bangladesh in December 1971) located more than 1000 miles (1600 kilometers) away in the Ganges River delta. Separated from each other, these two wings had 1000km wide Indian territory between them. On the West, Pakistan borders with Afghanistan, whose one kilometer narrow Wahkhan strip kept the defunct Soviet Union away from Pakistani frontiers. To the North, she has the Peoples Republic of China. The oil rich heart of the Persian Gulf region-Iran, is in the northwest of Pakistan. In the South, the Arabian Sea, the northwestern extension of the strategically important Indian Ocean washes Pakistan's coastal shores. The vitality of Indian Ocean has remained unquestionable throughout the known history as it provides not only a commercial and trade link between Europe and the Far East but has also remained a key to the seven seas. The East Pakistan was separating the Pacific Ocean from the Indian Ocean and bordered Burma on the East (Mohammed Ahsen Chaudhri, 1993). Thus, looking from the strategic point of view, Pakistan was and is still at the crossroad of Central, South and Southwest Asia and is the easiest link between the oil-rich Persian Gulf and the East Asia. In short, Pakistan is situated in the region called 'fulcr..
Geo Strategic Importance ofPakistan
Geo strategic means the importance of a country or a region as by virtue of its geographical location. Geo political is defined as, stressing the influence of geographic factors on the state power, international conduct and advantages it derives from its location. Stephen Cohn describes this importance "While history has been unkind to Pakistan, its geography has been its greatest benefit. It has resource rich area in the north-west, people rich in the north-east." Pakistan is a junction of South Asia, West Asia and Central Asia, a way from resource efficient countries to resource deficient countries. The world is facing energy crisis and terrorism. Pakistan is a route for transportation, and a front line state against terrorism.
Geographical Importance:
Bridge between South Asia and South West Asia; Iran and Afghanistan are energy abundant while India and China are lacking of. China finds way to Indian ocean and Arabian Sea through Korakaram. China with its fastest economic growth rate of 9%; is developing its southern provinces because its own port is 4500 km away from Sinkiang but Gawader is 2500 km away. Pakistan offers to CARs the shortest route of 2600 km as compared to Iran (4500 km) or Turkey (5000 km). land locked Afganistan now at the phase of Reconstruction, finds its ways through Pakistan. Gawader port with its deep waters attracts the trade ships of China, CARs and South East Asian Countries.
ASEAN Economic Blocs: SAARC, ECO. Iran is struggling to export its surplus gas and oil to eastern countries. Qatar Pakistan and Turkmenistan Pipeline projects highlights the position. Pakistan would get 400 million dollar annually if IPI gets success. Mountain Ranges: Himalayas, Hindu Kush in the North are plentiful in providing water and natural resources.
Political importance: US interests in the regions to contain the Growing China, nuclear Iran, terrorist Afghanistan, and to benefit from the market of India. Security and Business are two main US interests in the region while Pakistan is playing a front line role against terrorism. Today the political scenario of the region is tinged with pre emption policy and US invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan, Iran's nuclear program, India's geopolitical muscles(new strategic deal with US) to gain the hegemony and to counter the 'The Rise of China' which has earned all the qualities to change unipolar world into Bipolar world. In all these issues, Pakistan is directly or indirectly involved, especially after Al Qaeda operations. The American think tanks have repeatedly accepted that war against terror could never be won without the help of Pakistan. Pakistan has rigorously fought, and ongoing military operation in Wazirstan is also targeting the suspected Taliban in the bordering area.
Main threats to Pakistan: Balochistan and Wazirstan conflicts are posing threats to any economic project like IPI gas pipeline. Negative role of India, US, Iran in this conflict ridden area. Kashmir is flash point, accelerating nuclear race in the South Asia. Instable governments in Pakistan have contributed in weakening the strong position.
When pakistan became a nuclear weapon state?
On May 28, 1998, Pakistan became a nuclear power when it successfully carried out five nuclear tests at Chaghai, in the province of Baluchistan. This was in direct response to five nuclear explosions by India, just two weeks earlier.
Widely criticized by the international community, Pakistan maintains that its nuclear program is for selfdefence, as deterrence against nuclear India. A former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, offered justification for Pakistan's nuclear program when he said that if India were to produce a bomb, Pakistan would do anything it could to get one of its own. It has always been maintained by Pakistan that a nuclear threat posed to its security can neither be met with conventional means of defense, nor by external security guarantees.
Why kashmir is a major dispute between India and Pakistan?
The main issue between Pakistan and India is Kashmir Issue. The question is why Pakistan and India wants to control on Kashmir, according to me the main reason are:
1: Kashmir is the major tourism area in South Asia.
2: The land of Kashmir is best for agriculture and mining.
3: Two rivers River Jhelum and River Chenab comes from kashmir.
4: The border of kashmir join or attach with five countries, which are China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Tajikistan.
Who is the author of book A train to Pakistan?
The author of the book "Train to Pakistan" is Khushwant Singh.
Who wrote the book pathway to Pakistan?
Choudhry Khaliquzzaman (1889-1973). Published in 1961, the books is the collection of his reminiscences of the Pakistan Movement.
Theory of Karl Marx of social conflict on Pakistani society?
Karl Marx's theory of social conflict focuses on the division between social classes, particularly between the proletariat (working class) and the bourgeoisie (capitalist class). In Pakistani society, this theory can be applied to analyze the unequal distribution of wealth and resources, the exploitation of labor, and the concentration of power and privilege among a small elite. It highlights the need for addressing socioeconomic inequalities and promoting social justice to create a more equitable society.
