Age of Enlightenment

The ideas of Enlightenment encouraged many people in America to think logically. They used reason to arrive at the truth of many things that mattered to their well-being and the well-being of their families.

Benjamin Franklin worked at a paper press.

It set up a limited monarchy in place of the absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries. It reflected enlightenment ideas by ensuring equality before the law for all male citizens and ended Church interference in government.

Benjamin Franklin

Besides influencing radical political discourse during the revolutionary era, the Enlightenment also shaped the careers of America's first black intellectuals. Because it emphasized human reason, the Enlightenment led to the establishment of colleges, academies, and libraries in Europe and America.

Hine, Darlene Clark; Hine, William C.; Harrold, Stanley C. (2011-08-30). African Americans, A Concise History Combined (2-download) (4th Edition) (Kindle Locations 2315-2317). Pearson HE, Inc.. Kindle Edition.

Thomas Paine was a philosopher in the American Revolution and believed in democracy and that man should be equal and have equal rights. He is well known for is great influence on the American Revolution.

The declaration of the rights of man and the citizen

it began in the 1500's

hhh

The industrial revolution began in the mid-to-late 18th century starting in Western Europe, namely England. Inventions such as the flying shuttle, water frame and power loom made mass production of textiles possible and became the first step toward the industrial revolution.

The need for this arose when production of textiles was considered a household task that was long and tedious, and the industrial revolution made such tasks much easier and opened up opportunities for employment among the middle class.

The age of enlightment was from about 1690 to 1800.

A ruler who is logical, wise, and caring of others.

Characteristics of an ideal enlightened ruler include, firstly, the ruler would use logic and reason while ruling his domain. Secondly, the king or monarch would ensure that the people have their natural rights, such as, equality before the law, freedom of religious worship, freedom of speech, and the right to own property. Thirdly, the enlightened ruler would promote and develop arts, sciences and education. Fourthly, the enlightened ruler himself should obey the law and enforce fairly upon his people.

They waged a war of censorship. They banned and burned books and imprisoned writers.

Reason was dearest to Francis Bacon, to whom the Benjamin Franklin fastest of the cybees

It is known as the Thirty Years War, and it was one of the most tragic and devastating wars in Europe prior to World War 1. There were no winners, and the last four years were taken up taken up in writing a peace treaty which everyone would agree to sign.

Latin American Independence The Spanish amassed great wealth and power in their American colonies through oppression, slavery and racism. An amazing variety of classes developed and created a social gap in the people. At the turn of the nineteenth century, the American-born population began to advance towards independence. The process did not happen over night. Instead, it developed slowly due to social, political, ethnic, and economic factors, and the often bloody war for independence raged for fifteen years. Enlightenment radically altered the ideas of people in Europe and America. Ideas that challenged old truths began to develop; ideas that praised individual rights such as the notion that ultimate authority in society resides with the people, not with the king, or that all people are created equal in nature and possess equal rights. The French and American revolutions were strongly influenced by these new, bold beliefs. Inspired by the ideas of the Enlightenment and the wars for independence in other parts of the globe, Latin American gained momentum to began their own revolution. America was a mixing of many different races and each caste held specific rights and limitations. Natural born Spanish had access to the advantages and held the majority of power. The wealthy Creoles were able to ascend to positions of authority, but were always a step down the social ladder from the natural Spanish. Social inequality in America caused tension among the native population. When Spain, in an attempt to centralize their administration (spurred by the Enlightenment), began replacing Creoles with Spaniards in judicial and legislative offices, the tension was escalated even further. This challenged the position and comfort of wealthy Creoles, and motivated them to support independence. "The antagonism and bitter feelings between American Creaoles and those Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula who came to Latin America, helped ignite the emotional tinderbox that flared in 1810. (Clayton & Conniff, 20) Creole unrest was widespread when Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal in 1807. For the Latin American revolution, the timing could not have been better. The monarchs were disposed and Napoleon installed his brother as king. Spanish rebels fought the illegitimate Bonaparte in a civil war for six years. This left the colonies isolated and they rejected the authority of Spain. As a solution, they created local governments, of juntas, primarily filled with Creoles to rule in the king's absence. "Dissatisfaction had been given ideological form by the Enlightenment, awhile the crown and peninsulares had thoroughly antagonized Creoles for decades by denying them what they considered their legitimate aspirations. Napoleon's invasions of Spain, by suspending colonial loyalty to the Spanish sate, touched off the fuse to the powder keg." (Clayton & Conniff, 22) Independence took different courses between regions. Some, such as Brazil, were relatively peaceful, but others, such as Peru and Mexico, were bloody. The wars for independence distinguished many brave and courageous soldiers. The names of patriots such as Bolivar, Hidalgo, San Martin, and Artigas among many others, inspire pride in the Latin America. After the revolutions began, success did not come smoothly. Counterrevolutions took back many of the initial successes from the patriots, but tenacity and devotion finally, after fifteen years, won Latin America its freedom. Independence brought new problems and challenges. The struggle to create new legitimate forms of government created differences, and political turmoil created confusion and tension. The church was attacked for being conservative and suffocating. Revolutionaries wanted to take the churches power and lands. This created clearly defined battle lines that caused enduring problems for the new nations. One of the basic ideals of the revolution was freed for all people, but this created unexpected problems. Tributes were eliminated and Indians were given rights as citizens, but the national governments quickly realized they depended on the income obtained from the tributes. Thus, the tribute was restored. The revolutionaries also sought to give the Indians freedom, and they gave them individual property rights. The Indians who were not familiar with private ownership were easily taken advantaged. As a result of freedom and the end of the communal system, many Indians were left without protection and they slid even further down the economic ladder. Political disorder and powerful leaders attempting to regulate authority marked the period after the revolutionary wars. Independence did not win Latin America its success; freedom created new problems and new challenges that had to be overcome.

i bet this is someone in mr. micky's class

I need this one too

It shaped the thinking of future Revolutionary leaders in regards to the "rights of man."

Nicolaus Copernicus and Contributor Isaac newton

The American Revolution itself has been called the embodiment of Enlightenment ideas and the Declaration is the document that embodies the American revolution. They affected the Declaration of Independence with Enlightenment ideas. One significant one is the "social contract." The social contract entailed that the subjects of the King had a right, a duty to overthrow him. Another Enlightenment idea was that of the "consent of the governed." Enlightenment thinkers began to reject the idea of a monarchy, and instead preferred a government in which decisions were made when the ruler had consent of the governed - meaning that the governed people actually had a say in the politics of their society.

transcendentalism

no

No. An oligarchy is completely against the Enlightenment philosophy.

John Locke and Thomas Hobbes.

Locke is right, I'm not sure about Hobbes.