Age of Enlightenment

The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the first source of authority and legitimacy, and came to advance ideals like liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state.

The Enlightenment brought political modernization to the West, with the introduction of democratic values and institutions and the creation of modern, liberal democracies.

The air pump was invented by physicist and inventor Otto von Guericke in the mid-17th century, not during the Enlightenment period but slightly before it. Otto von Guericke's air pump was a significant advancement in the study of gases and vacuum experiments.

Frederick II, was the proponent of a revised justice code and banned torture. He was in support of freedom of the press and was somewhat religiously tolerant. He turned Berlin into the world capital of culture and enlightenment. He applied considerable attention on the development of Berlin University, especially in science.

The Enlightenment began as a response to the previous era of religious dominance and superstition, with thinkers seeking to promote reason, science, and individual liberty. It was influenced by advancements in science, philosophy, and political thought that challenged traditional authority and promoted critical thinking.

Various motives will really shine through for this. The Ottomon empire has had a monopoly on trade with the east which meant that they could charge whatever they wanted for the products such as spices which were worth more (alot more) than their weight in gold. Explorers were funded by governments to find an alternative route to the East in order to bypass the Ottomons (keep in mind it wasn't only prices but the fact that this empire was Muslim and Europe was Catholic, funding Muslim communities was very much viewed as a bad thing during these times). Also we are looking at an age of enlightenment. People wanted to explore in order to learn. Religious missions are a huge factor for the exploration. Hugely supported by the Catholic church (mouths watering thinking of all the "heathens" to convert)... For smaller countries who had the money, they were very much thinking of boosting their resource pools and after the ball really got moving it was one huge race of keeping up with your neighbors. Balancing power and wealth throughout Europe has been a factor in nearly every government choice up into the 20th century wars easily...

The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Enlightenment, was a period in Europe during the late 17th and 18th centuries. It took place in countries such as France, England, Germany, and Scotland, among others. Key figures of the Enlightenment include Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, and Montesquieu.

Jonathan Edwards was a preacher and theologian who focused on religious revival and the concept of divine sovereignty, emphasizing sinners' need for salvation. In contrast, Benjamin Franklin was a scientist, inventor, and statesman who promoted practical knowledge, rationality, and self-improvement through his writings on virtues and the pursuit of happiness. Their differing positions reflected the broader contrast between religious fervor and rational enlightenment ideals during the 18th century.

The Age of Enlightenment refers to the 18th century in European philosophy, and is often thought of as part of a period which includes the Age of Reason. The term also more specifically refers to a historical intellectual movement, "The Enlightenment." This movement advocated rationality as a means to establish an authoritative system of ethics, aesthetics, and knowledge. The intellectual leaders of this movement regarded themselves as courageous and elite, and regarded their purpose as leading the world toward progress and out of a long period of doubtful tradition, full of irrationality, superstition, and tyranny (which they believed began during a historical period they called the "Dark Ages"). This movement also provided a framework for the American and French Revolution, the Latin American independence movement, and the Polish Constitution of May 3, and also led to the rise of capitalism and the birth of socialism, liberalism and fascism. It is matched by the high baroque and classical eras in music, and the neo-classical period in the arts, and receives contemporary application in the unity of science movement which includes logical positivism. Another important movement in 18th century philosophy, which was closely related to it, was characterized by a focus on belief and piety. Some of its proponents attempted to use rationalism to demonstrate the existence of a supreme being. In this period, piety and belief were integral parts in the exploration of natural philosophy and ethics in addition to political theories of the age. However, prominent Enlightenment philosophers such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and David Hume questioned and attacked the existing institutions of both Church and State. The 18th century also saw a continued rise of empirical philosophical ideas, and their application to political economy, government and sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology. According to scholarly opinion , the Enlightenment was preceded by the Age of Reason (if thought of as a short period) or by the Renaissance and the Reformation (if thought of as a long period). It was followed by Romanticism.

The Enlightenment or the Age of Reason: The enlightenment was a philosophic movement of the 18th century marked by a rejection of traditional social, religious, and political ideas and an emphasis on rationalism.

MY SISTER AND HER HUSBAND LIVE IN SWITZERLAND, AND THEY AND THEIR FIVE CHILDREN WEAR SIMILAR CLOHING TO WHAT WE HERE IN THE STATES DO. JEANS, T-SHIRTS, SWEAT SHIRTS, SWEATERS... IMAGINE A YUPPIE COUPLE AND KIDS. MOST OF THE PEOPLE THERE ARE SIMILAR.

George Frideric Handel was one of the greatest composers of the Baroque era. Though he was born in Germany, he spent a brief amount of time in Italy and live the remainder of his life in London.

It help people realize that the things that they had always been told to believe in can be questioned, and proven to be wrong. From the examples of Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus, Italian philosophers realized that they could think for themselves.

The Scientific Revolution helped pave a way for Enlightenment thinkers. Ever since Newton explained the laws governing nature by using reason, people admired him. People started to look for laws governing human behavior as well. They wanted to apply reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society (government, religion, economics, and education).

Austria-Hungary was a multi ethnic state which meant that it was made up of people form many different nationalities. This caused problems when Nationalism took hold because all of the different groups of nationalities wanted their independence, they wanted national statehood. This caused turmoil and instability within the Empire.

The Scientific Revolution focused on the physical world and how man related to it, whereas the Enlightenment concentrated on the metaphysical and how man related to one another.

A perceived threat to the French Revolution.

Thanks to the influence of the enlightenment, the styles began to change, taking away the religious influence and opening up artists minds to the world of possibilities

Denis Diderot Died in the home of his daughter on July 31 ,1784.

Yes, she did. It is also said that she was interested in the works of Rousseau, a major figure of the Enlightenment, whose ideas penetrated the minds of those who would become revolutionaries during the French Revolution that took the royal family's lives. It is a good example of how one set of ideas can become something else entirely over time.

Rene Descartes

He was the general editor of what became known as the encyclopedia.

(apex answer- the father of modern art criticism)

Itard worked with Victor for many years from 1800 to 1806, even though Victor did make some progress. He still never learned speech and how to cope with human society. Victor was still drawn to nature. Because Victor would not speak and was not able bond with human society was the reason Itard chose to abandon him. Because the reports that say Victor was an "incurable idiot"-he at first pointed out that the cause of Victor's behavior was the solitude he lived in many years in the wild-but later on he did come to realize Victor did suffer from a mental disability. His progress with Victor eventually began to slow down until Itard chose to abandon his experiment. Victor was left to live in a small house with the housekeeper (known as Victor's caregiver) Madame Guerin.

releases one of the more than 400,000 eggs that are stored in her ovaries, and the lining of the womb (uterus) thickens in anticipation of receiving a fertilized egg. If the egg is not fertilized, progesterone levels drop and the uterine lining sheds

Ever heard about: beauty is in the eye of the beholder?

To answer this question one must think about that saying.

There are people who consider Mozart as the best composer ever walked the earth and others who will claim that position for Bach or Händel, Brahms or Liszt, Chopin, Bruch, Orff or Tchaikovsky. Maybe it's Beethoven and it could be Grieg or Elgar. There are people who like Baroque and there are people who like Romance or Renaissance, each era of classical music had it's own group of virtuous composers. The winner is..........you as listener of various genius strings of chords making classical music worth listening to.

Johann Sebastian Bach was the greatest composer of all time. He composed music in many forms with the exception of opera.

Classical time period is generally accepted as being from about 1750-1820