Cable Internet

There is none. AOSS is a Buffalo Technology product, not Belkin.

1.) what is operating system? 2.) what an array ? how is an array different from ordinary variable ?

A laptop. It is also called a PC for personel computer.

Depending on the kind of programming they do, possibly almost all the time. I've worked for several major financial companies and we've used everything from high school algebra and trigonometry to create graphics software, up to doctoral-level math when we did probability and statistics. My nephew programs games and he uses all sorts of math to make the the look and behavior of the characters appear realistic. He has to worry about everything from how a ball behaves when it bounces, to how light reflects off a surface.

AND gate is an all or

nothing gate because in able to have an output of logic 1,all of the input must be all logic 1 or else the output will be nothing or simply logic 0.

The inverter, which returns the reverse of the input. The AND gate which returns a high output if and only if both inputs are high. The OR gate, which returns a high output if either or both inputs are high. The NAND and NOR gates return the opposite of their counterparts. They are basically the AND and OR gates with an inverter after them. The XOR gate is the exclusive OR gate; it returns a high output it either input is high, but not both. Every binary combination of outputs can be made from these operators. In fact, you don't even need all of them. The NAND and the NOR gate can both create every other gate.

XORing X with 1 gives X', i.e., NOT(X). If we are able to construct a NAND (AND) using XOR, we can also obtain AND (NAND) from it, which makes XOR a universal gate since inverted inputs to a NAND (AND) will give OR (NOR). However XOR is not a universal gate! Therefore we cannot obtain NAND (AND) using XOR. :-)

By,

Tirtha Sarathi Ghosh

Class 10

IIT Kanpur Aspirant

You need to make a distinction between analog and digital signals, and analog and digital data. Digital data can be sent on an analog signal by using a modem. Digital data sent on a digital signal is done over a wire using voltage pulses at two or more levels. Digital signals can't travel very far without amplifiers, but analog signals can cover huge distances, such as with satellite communications and even communications with deep space probes.

The 74LS00 is a logic NAND gate with normal logic level inputs. This means that the inputs has a low range below 0.8V, unrecognised range and a high range above 2V. At any time a input signal crosses those levels, a change in state can be expected. Applicable to the LS family, they have a floating input that means it is uncertain the state of logic level if no input is connected. Therefore never assume that since the input is not connected that the circuit will assume a zero, it can be either zero or one.

The 74LS132 is also a NAND gate logic function. But different to the Logic level input it uses what we call a Schmitt trigger input to improve noise immunity in a circuit. In simple terms; it's really nothing more than a comparator input. But the Schmitt trigger also have a hysteresis, which help to eliminate the affect what noise have on the circuit.

On a more technical note

Each circuit contains a 2-input Schmitt trigger followed by a Darlington level

shifter and a phase splitter driving a TTL totem pole output. The totem pole is basically a push-pull output stage constructed with two p-n-p transistors and a diode on the output.

The comparator function would mean that there is a particular threshold level on the input and if the input voltage pass the particular level, the output or intermediate state of the function will change state. In the case of multiple logic inputs the change of input state does not necessarily mean a change in output state and therefore I will refer to an intermediate area inside the function related to the input state.

The hysteresis create a high and low trigger points. This cause the input to at least pass the high trigger point of about 1.6V before the intermediate state will change or drop below the 0.9V before the intermediate state change back again. Therefore the practical unit will not have one particular level to change state but these two fixed trigger points must be used.

It sounds like it complicates matters but it really helps to handle input noise signals which makes the Schmitt trigger a handy device. Making it a good device for signal conditioning of logic signals in some applications.

Also take note that the high and low hysteresis trigger points may vary with supply voltage. In fact I do not recommend it as standard practice to use a Schmitt trigger to evaluate analogue levels, some engineers may differ but I would rather refer to a real comparator circuit design where you have more control over precision, trigger points and reference levels. But may be considered for logic inputs from sensors or conditioning of logic signals

Some circuits may also employ Schmitt trigger devices for oscillators and contact debouncing

Logic Gates are electronic building blocks of a digital system.

Their physical manifestation may take any form, but essentially a logic gate consists of a collection of binary digits and a set of rules where such digits are combined to give a resulting set of binary digits.

The rules that are implemented by logic gate are of the fundamental Boolean Algebraic Operations.

Logic gates may be coupled together so that digital input to a system produces a predetermined digital output. It is a logical set of rules. The concept of digital information flowing into a system through an electronic pathway coveys a perception that gave someone the idea of a gate when this was named long ago.

Digital data requires less bandwidth than analog data (e.g. new digital television broadcast compared to old analog broadcast), so more data can fit in the same frequency (e.g. DSL compared to analog modems). This is the primary advantage, although it is also generally stated that data is easier to recover and more tolerant towards interference.

The nand gate is prefered over the nor gate because for a nand gate, all other states are true except the 1 1 state which is false while for a nor gate all other states are false except the 0 0 state which is true.

There are chips that will convert a analog to a digital form. It works on the principle of comparing the input to a reference voltage and outputting the bits [digital] as a value compared to the reference voltage. it can be 4,8,12, of digital data for a 12bits the LSB is 2.4mv.

It shouldn't matter which port you use unless it involves a network switch.

Digital data is discrete data that is used in computers to handle all sorts of digital media, including text, graphics and audio. It only exists in two forms - on and off. This is represented with two digits- 1s and 0s - in the binary format. Since digital data is discrete, files saved in this format can be copied perfectly with no degradation.

The Java standard library refers to the set of dynamically loadable libraries that Java applications can call at run time. This is because the Java platform is not dependent on the specific operating system.

can use 400mm THW,RHW,RUH (rating: 400mm = 388amperes)

Oddly enough, it's called an A to D Converter and has many sources to obtain, including build it yourself plans or online auctions. There is also D to A converters so please be sure you pick the correct converter.

A: Analogue is a signal DC with varying amplitudes. Digital is a state defined as true or false or machine language '1' '0' Digital must change states to supply information while analogue it has only to change amplitude