What is the difference between Carbon fibre and Kevlar?
Kevlar 29 is used for bullet proof vests. Kevlar 49 is used in light weight construction or semi loaded structure, F1, Indy cars and an acceptable material for side protection, for SCCA racing body parts. Kevlar 49 is the preferred material to use on more expensive, modern light weight sail planes or canoes.
Some of the negatives of Kevlar are, it is hard to work with, more set up time is necessary then fiber glass, it is not very easy to cut, it has a tendency to buckle under compression. the simple wet hand lay up process is not preferred, the VARTM or vacuum assisted resin transfer molding lay up process is the preferred method for proper absorption. The positives of Kevlar are it is lighter, then both carbon fiber and fiber glass, its tensile strength is higher then, carbon fiber, but it is not as stiff as carbon fiber. Kevlar is extremely tough and abrasion resistant, Kevlar falls in between S2 fiberglass and Carbon fiber in cost and stiffness. Carbon fiber on the other hand has been used for Race chassis and it is extremely stiff and strong. Once Kevlar has been over loaded it will yield to a degree like steel, this is where Kevlar will show its toughness.
On the other hand the negatives of Carbon fiber are it is very brittle and less tough than kevlar, once the maximum load has been reached for carbon fiber it will disintegrate or shatter under high energy impact literally explode, gone ! So your feet or legs are left to dangle and flip around with the rest of the race car chassis smashing into everything until the chassis comes to a complete stop. This exposure is not good for the human body. The fragments and splinters from Carbon fiber are very painful and may require magnified surgery for removal. The positives of Carbon fiber are it is very stiff and can help to make structures being constructed with it even stiffer and lighter with its use , in combination with EV or HT resins systems it is used as loaded structure. and it is not as expensive or as toxic as Boron fiber. And it reveals a beautiful appearance through clear and transparent resin's.
In England, race car Designer Colin Chapman from lotus started using a Carbon / Kevlar hybrid cloth an 85/15 type ratio where the two fiber strands combined together seemed to make for a wonderful cloth for composites, this combination seemed to help keep the pieces together, even after a few good impacts. But unfortunately due to pressure to compete against one another as race teams do, making race cars faster is race teams job. So a better handling car means greater ft lbs. per degree of stiffness in the chassis, so for some race teams out went the Kevlar for safety and back to the all Carbon fiber chassis.
The current engineer's concept and standard here today is that if they use mostly intermediate modulus carbon fiber and some higher modulus carbon fiber in a fewer key select areas, combined with using the new advancements that have been made to epoxies, combining micro particle's at 100 nm in size to reduce the occurrence of micro cracking during the curing process, these particle's help to increase the composites toughness in the finished stage enough so to withstand against any applied loads to the structure without the Kevlar the carbon fiber then is able to hold up against any impact forces, it may experience during a crash.
So the Carbon fibers toughness becomes primary and the added Kevlar as a safety become's secondary, To exclude Kevlar as a fail safe material from a race chassis design altogether removes a factor of safety that was once realized. possibly a shared approach with the intermediate modulus carbon fiber and Kevlar blend as a cloth with the micro particle's blended in the epoxy resin as for the interior layers just as a fail safe to prevent any protrusion's could be the possible method of thought, as seen in some of the higher end Sports racing classes like GTP and World cup series interior's used for safety. I also believe the improvements made by using micro particle's at 100 nm in size in combination in use with the epoxy, some of the tragic occurrences such as structural failure we've seen over the years on race tracks, will be a thing from the past.
The development and full understanding of these modern composites materials is ongoing and is still in its beginning stage's no one knows everything they can about these materials, so many variables are involved. One should always work towards gaining a better understanding through a scientific approach, from testing and research. These engineering Materials and their manufacturing processes can have an effect or change on the other materials properties once they are combined, this is typical. A clear understanding of their effects upon the other and their properties combined as a whole, should be understood first, before designing anything.
What is the largest city close to Bullhead Arizona?
Bullhead City, Arizona is located roughly 90 miles south of Las Vegas, Nevada.
What is the difference between the old and the elderly?
Nothing really. Elderly is a polite way to say an old person i.e a 70year old. Old is slightly ruder and is also used to describe objects rather than people.
What is the distance of the sun and the moon?
The Sun is at a distance of about 150 million kilometers from Earth; the Moon is at a distance of about 380,000 kilometers from Earth.
What is the definition of lust?
Lust is desire that is stimulated by a superficial impression of the object of passion with a selfish consideration in mind. On this basis, lust is not taking an interest in someone for their own sake, but mostly in order to gain pleasure of some sort from that person.
In contrast, love is when the desire towards a person is fully mediated by a consciousness of the importance of the person and when attention is given in actions towards this person with the appreciation of his or her inherent worth as the driving motivation.
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Lust is passionate sexual desire driven by the sex hormones testosterone and oestrogen.
Testosterone is not confined only to men. It has also been shown to play a major role in the sex drive of women. When testosterone levels reach a certain threshold, just after puberty, teenagers start thinking about sex.
Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. In mammals, testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females. It is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. Testosterone give virilizing and anabolic effect to our body.
Oestrogens are a group of steroid compounds, named for their importance in the estrous cycle, and functioning as the primary female sex hormone.
Oestrogens are used as part of some oral contraceptives, in estrogen replacement therapy of postmenopausal women, and in hormone replacement therapy for transwomen. While estrogens are present in both men and women, they are usually present at significantly higher levels in women of reproductive age. They promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics.
Reference:
Sex Drive. Life Chemistry. Retrieved June 26, 2008, from http://www.life-chemistry.blogspot.com/
What is a laboratory thermometer?
A laboratory thermometer is used to check the temperature, or changes in temperature, of an object with precise accuracy.
How much power did the collussus have in comparison to todays technology?
It is hard to put a figure on it because, although both the Colossus and modern computers are universal Turing machines, the fundamental nature of their designs are very different.
The common crude way to compare the 'power' of modern processors is by how many floating point (FLOPS) or integer (MIPS) calculations can be performed per second. Since the colossus did not have dedicated arithmetic units in the way we think of them now, these measures are inappropriate.
Considering system clock speed, the (mark II) Colossus' clock was generated by the paper tape reader to keep the machine synchronised with its paper-tape program. The clock speed was, therefore, limited by the mechanics of the spooler and the integrity of the paper. The safe limit used was 5000 characters per second (which may crudely be thought of as 5KHz). Since modern computers operate at around 3GHz, we can crudely say that this is six-hundred-thousand times faster. However this hides the fact that a modern general-purpose processor is vastly more flexible in its abilities and so can perform certain operations with just a few clock cycles that may have required huge programs to calculate on the Colossus.
Conversely, however, the Colossus was designed to perform a very specific function, and so could do that very efficiently. In evidence of this, Joachim Schüth wrote a decrypt code in 2007 that could crack the enigma code running on a 1.4GHz laptop. Comparing the speed of calculation to that of Colossus, he stated: "My laptop digested ciphertext at a speed of 1.2 million characters per second-240 times faster than Colossus. If you scale the CPU frequency by that factor, you get an equivalent clock of 5.8 MHz for Colossus. That is a remarkable speed for a computer built in 1944."
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Pros and cons of paying a whistleblower?
Pros of paying a whistleblower include revealing the truth while the cons include tainting of image.
What are the pros and cons of using Westjet Deals?
It seems that the pros of Westjet deals are getting comp time or coupons for variety of things. At the other pole, the con side, there seems to be a shortest of good seats or just plainly seats at a better cost without a bit of luck on your side.
What is a good antidepressent?
There are many excellent antidepressants, many of the best are in the class of SSRI antidepressants because they have fewer and less severe side effects than older types (e.g. MAOI antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressants).
However what works for one person does not for another, so you and your psychiatrist may have to try several before finding a good antidepressant for you.
What are good comparison and contrast topics?
Some things to compare and constrast are the following:
public school vs. private school
script writing vs. print writing
catholic vs. jewdisum
lap-top vs. computer
spanish vs. English
test vs. homework
When you compare and contrast items the easiest thing to do is make to circles and over-lap them. You baseically tell the similarities and differences of the two objects that you are writing about.
What is the definition of malapropism?
A malapropism in literature is a type of humor when a character uses a wrong, but similar word. For example, in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the nurse says the word "confidence" when she really means conference, and "indite" instead of invite. The question remains, what was this type of humor called in Shakespeare's time? Seemingly, the word "malapropism" comes from a character (Mrs. Malaprop in The Rivals) created by Richard Sheridan, who wrote the same type of humor-- more than 100 years later. Malapropism is a comic or humerus [sic] misuse of language. It involves a word that is similar in sound to the word that is meant, often while using some familiar expression e.g. "a shrewd awakening," instead of "a rude awakening." From a character, Mrs Malaprop, in Sheridan's Restoration comedy The Rivals,but also from mal-a-propos (pronounced malla pro-POE) meaning inappropriate or out-of-place.
What are the relationship between democracy and development?
with out development democrancy cannot take place so both of them move together
What is the difference between endurance and stamina exercise?
Stamina is more about strength, and endurance is more about time. Stamina is focused on how long a group of muscles can perform at maximum capacity. Endurance is focused on the amount of time a group of muscles can perform a certain action.
The air has to travel over the land mass warming up as it travels all east side of countries are warmer
What is the relationship between density and buoyancy?
The greater the density of the fluid, greater is the buoyancy. For example, when a piece of wood is pushed into different fluids, different forces have to be applied to do so. the denser the fluid, more is the force required to push the body into it. This is the reason that we apply more force to push a body into salt water than onto ordinary water this is because sea water has more density.
What is the relationship between density and temperature?
Due to thermal expansion, as temperature increases, density decreases.
There is no simple relationship. Usually, but not always, if a substance is heated, it will expand, thus decreasing its density.
Lacquer-work is a highly skilled decorative art in which the artist shapes the wood using a hand operated lathe. Then several colors of lac are applied, design is then incised with sharp tools exposing the colors of the underlying layers.
Comparison between ac and dc machines?
DC Machines :
Gadgets running off direct current are much more regular than gadgets running off AC current. DC gives an exceptionally smooth supply of power, so it is useful for things. You may see that numerous battery chargers have AC to DC converters to change over the AC originating from your home attachment into DC to charge a battery. DC gadgets are generally energized. This implies that they have to have a sure association racing to ground and one association hurrying to the force supply. Air conditioning force does not give polarization, as the present inverts itself quite often.
Air conditioning Machines :
The most well-known use for AC is transmitting power over long separations. Electrical cables and power dispersion matrices use AC in light of the fact that it loses less voltage over long separations than DC. Some handheld gadgets, particularly ones that use speakers, need AC power. These gadgets, be that as it may, can likewise keep running off of DC force.The gadgets and parts that require AC force don't should be energized. Gadgets that require low voltages additionally some of the time use AC power, in light of the fact that AC is great at giving low voltages consistently much as it is great at conveying high voltages crosswise over electrical cables.
Why were native Americans societies in north America so diverse?
it was because of the British people who who some of the Native Americans and mess up their culture.