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Computer Programming

A category for questions about computer programming and programming languages.

10,506 Questions

Why did Edsger Dijkstra find the goto statement to be harmful?

The short answer is that goto statements generally cause messy and hard to read code. This reduces the ability to update that code. Also it was proven that nearly everything that goto was used for could be done using other control statements like the while loop or function calls.

for a more informative answer go here

http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~EWD/transcriptions/EWD02xx/EWD215.HTML

How has the keyboard changed over the past three to five years?

The keyboard has gotten easier to use as far as the spacing of buttons and ergonomics of keyboard. Shortcuts have been added as well.

Why communication is a goal oriented?

used in business, provide freedom of experience, it enables of exchange ideas,skill

What is activex dll?

ActiveX dll serves as one of crucial component in Windows operating system. It is especially designed to keep the system running properly and nicely. It cannot be edited manually.

What language did chauvinist come from?

Chauvinist is a French word. Legend has it that the wounded French soldier Nicolas Chauvin's single-minded devotion to the Bonapartist cause brought the term into use.

Write a C statement that uses the manipulator setfill to output containing 35 stars?

(don't forget to include) #include <iomanip>

cout << setfill('*') < <setw(35) << '*' <<endl;

What are the disadvantages of procedure oriented programming in c plus plus?

There are no any disadvantages of procedure oriented programming in C++. You can use it as well as object oriented programming, generic programming or any other paradigm. Just remember that this way you won't be using many helpful features of that language.

How do you write an algorithm to swap the values of x and y using a temporary variable t?

To swap the values of two variables, x and y, using a temporary variable t:

t = x;

x = y;

y = t;

To implement this algorithm as a function, the variables must be passed by reference. For efficiency, particularly with large or complex objects that are expensive to copy, use move semantics. The C++ standard library provides the following implementation (since C++11):

namespace std {

template<typename T>

void swap (T&& x, T&& y) {

T t = std::move (x);

x = std::move (y);

y = std::move (t);

}

};

The C++ standard library swap function (std::swap) uses the above implementation (since C++11). If a type does not support the move semantic, copy semantics will be used instead.

What are abstraction level of programming of multimedia?

Physical level: The lowest level of abstraction describes how a system actually stores data. The physical level describes complex low-level data structures in detail.

Logical level: The next higher level of abstraction describes what data the database stores, and what relationships exist among those data. The logical level thus describes an entire database in terms of a small number of relatively simple structures. Although implementation of the simple structures at the logical level may involve complex physical level structures, the user of the logical level does not need to be aware of this complexity. Database administrators, who must decide what information to keep in a database, use the logical level of abstraction.

View level: The highest level of abstraction describes only part of the entire database. Even though the logical level uses simpler structures, complexity remains because of the variety of information stored in a large database. Many users of a database system do not need all this information; instead, they need to access only a part of the database. The view level of abstraction exists to simplify their interaction with the system. The system may provide many views for the same database.

What is a dialling algorithm?

The algorithm is a set of complex mathematical equations that determine when the dialler will make the next call. It takes into account such things as the data quality, average length of call and the time it takes for a customer to answer the call.

What is the difference between unix command and utilities?

Utilities are programs that can run or execute. Commands are slightly different than utilities. Command refers to the name of the program and any arguments you specify to that program to change its behavior.

How do i change my display picture on mercury messenger?

I worked all morning to figure this one out and i got it. first have whatever picture you want as your display picture on your desktop. then you simply go to account settings. then a box will appear and click display picture. a big empty white box will appear. now drag the picture you want from your desktop to this white box. click apply. then click ok. finished

What is the difference between guided and unguided medium?

Guided medium or wired refers to a type transmission that uses cables to send waves from the source to the destination. On the other hand, unguided medium, also called wireless, involves sending of waves through air.

What is the difference between program and process?

Program is a set of instruction whereas process is program in execution.

Program is passive entity whereas process is active entity

.Program has single instance whereas process has several instances.For eg.several notepad windows can be opened but same program is executed behind each window.

Program is dependent on logic used whereas process is dependent on program.

How many commands are there in c language?

None. You are probably referring to keywords but keywords are not commands. In computing, a command is something that executes machine code in a timely manner (i.e., as immediately as possible). C keywords do not execute any code because the keywords are not immediately executable. In order to execute C code it must first be compiled and then linked, at which point it is no longer C, it is native machine code, and that machine code executes completely independently of the source code. The C compiler can also output an assembly source which allows us to view the machine code in a more user-friendly manner. Again, assembly is non-executable so there are no commands; we must assemble the source to create the native executable code, the only language the machine actually understands.

All C keywords are built-in identifiers that have special significance to the language itself. User-defined identifiers also have significance but, unlike keywords, we must declare their significance in terms of the language before we can actually use them in our code. By contrast, built-in identifiers do not need to be declared before we use them because the compiler already knows what they represent (hence they are built-in).

Many C keywords represent built-in data types, type modifiers, type information (operators) and storage classes:

bool, char, const, double, enum, float, int, long, short, signed, sizeof(), static, struct, typedef, unsigned, void

The remainder represent high-level control flow constructs:

break, case, continue, default, do, else, for, goto, if, return, static, switch, while

C also supports preprocessor directives and one preprocessor operator which are not part of the language itself, but are used specifically by the C preprocessor in order to generate C code for the compiler as part of the compilation process. Given that the compiler never actually sees them, they are not keywords, however they are included here for the sake of completeness.

#define, defined(), #elif, #else, #endif, #error, #if, #ifdef, #ifndef, #include, #pragma, #undef