Is the internet an American invention?
Short version: Yes
Long Version:
The Internet started out as a ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), a project by the United States Deparment of Defense to facilitate quick communication between remote computers. It was based on the idea for a 'Intergalactic Computer Network' by American computer scientist, J.C.R. Licklider, in 1962, who would also go on to lead the development of ARPANET. During the development of ARPANET, the two basic concepts that make up how the internet works were created and developed: Packet Switching and TCP/IP.
Packet Switching is the method used for breaking down data into 'packets' to more efficiently transfer them over a network. It was principally invented by Polish American scientist, Paul Baran, based upon the mathematical concept of 'queuing theory' developed by American engineer Leonard Kleinrock a couple of years earlier. The term 'packet switching' was coined by a Welsh scientist named Donald Davies, who coincidentally developed a similar method, a few years after Baran first published his own. While Baran invented Packet Switching first, the name that Davies gave it, was more catchy, which is why we call it that today.
TCP/IP stands for Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol, and it is basically the set of rules for how computers talk to eachother. TCP/IP was invented and developed by two American scientists named Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf for the ARPANET project.
While there are many people involved in the development of the internet, these are the key figures, who are responsible for inventing and developing the key concepts for how the Internet works
ARPANET switched online on August 30th 1969, making that the birthday of the Internet.
Originator: J.C.R. Licklider
Packet Switching: Leonard Kleinrock and Paul Baran as the originators, and Donald Davies for coining the name 'packet switching'.
TCP/IP: Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf
So in short, yes the Internet could rightly be called an American invention.
The Internet is often confused with the World Wide Web, created by British scientist, Timothy Berners-Lee and Belgian scientist Robert Cailliau in 1989. The WWW is a system for accessing documents via the Internet, using the concepts of HTTP and HTML. It is basically a more user friendly way of accessing and displaying information on the Internet, but it is only an application that exists on top of the Internet, and it is not the Internet itself, which had already been around for some 20 years prior. Some other commonly used Internet applications are E-mail, File Transfer Protocol and Internet Relay Chat. A once popular application was 'usenet' an early type of message board, that lacked the central server of modern day web forums, to whom usenet has ceded its popularity over the years.
Sources: http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm
What does a crystal do in an electronic circuit?
A quartz crystal oscillator (often shortened to "crystal" or even "xtal") is an important part of many electronic circuits.
Inside its metal can, it mechanically resonates at a very precise frequency.
(The manufacturer writes the frequency of the crystal on the outside of the can).
The 3 most common applications for that frequency are: pacing (synchronization), timekeeping, and radio communication frequency matching.
An "oscillator circuit" uses that crystal and a few other components to generate a metronome-like electrical signal called the "clock" (often shortened to CLK).
That clock signal is typically sent to practically every digital chip in the box.
Those chips use that clock for synchronization.
The clock pulse tells each chip that all the outputs from the other chips have settled, and its inputs are now valid.
The system designer specifically chooses a crystal that will give a pace slow enough that even the slowest chip has settled at the end of each step.
Each chip takes a certain amount of time from when it gets a new input to the time its outputs stabilize with its new output.
timekeeping ...
radio communication ...
rare exceptions:
A few digital systems don't use a global clock signal, such as asynchronous computers.
A few electronic circuits use piezoelectric crystals (silicon or PZT crystals) as buzzers and ultrasonic transducers.
A few electronic circuits use other kinds of crystals -- photonic crystals, ferroelectric crystals, etc.
Each integrated circuit is made from a slice of crystal, but we call them "chips" or "ICs".
How do you disarm 3 alarm anti shoplifting devices?
The system vendor will have the appropriate tools available.
on the home screen, go on settings and click languages change to spanish.
you are done
What can you search an electronic catalog by?
You can use keywords to search an electronic catalog. Some catalogs include a power search feature and quick search feature. Depending on the catalog, you can search by author, title, or subject.
What is the mesh and node in analog electronics?
It depends on the context. If in the context of Wireless Internet, which certainly involves analog electronics, a "wireless mesh network" is a network that relies on all nodes to propogate signals.
If it is lumped element circuit theory you have in mind, the "node method" and "mesh method" of circuit analysis both apply Kirchoff's Laws to analyze a circuit. The idea behind either method is to simplify the application of these laws, to come up with a method simpler than brute force solution of a system of linear equations.
In the node method, a 'node' is a reference point chosen to have 0 potential; in the mesh method, a 'mesh' is a closed current loop not containing any other loop.
Google "mesh node method circuit analysis" for lots of references supplying the details of either method.
What does masquerading mean on a computer?
Often, this means MAC masquerading. MAC is the unique hardware address to an ethernet adapter. For instance, your computer would have one MAC address for a wired ethernet port, and another for a wifi adapter.
Masquerading means passing off another MAC as the one actually belonging to the adapter.
Example:
You have a cable modem connected to your cable ISP, and a single computer connected to the modem. Your computer wired ethernet MAC is 11:22:33:44:55:66.
You go out and buy a new wifi router+access point, and try to connect it to the modem, and connect your PC to the access point via WiFi. It doesn't work. You connect to the access point but not the internet.
Why not?
When your modem was initially set up with the ISP, the ISP "provisioned" (allowed access to) the MAC address of your PC (11:22:33:44:55:66).
Now that the router is connected to the modem, the ISP sees the MAC address of the router (99.88.77.66.55.44) and does not see the "allowed" MAC address of your PC because your PC is no longer directly connected to the ISP.
Proper fix: Call ISP and re-provision the new MAC address of the router.
Quick fix: set up the router's MAC masquerading function to transmit the old PC MAC address instead of the router's MAC, tricking the ISP into thinking the old hardware is still connected.
Why do applications use up a lot of battery life?
It takes more energy when the applications are running.
What does Class b electronics mean?
b class means the product did not pass the manufactures top quality check. It could be cosmetic or a slight defect. Usally does not affect product operation and you may not even notice any problem with the device. It will not be warrantied through the manufacture because it was sold at a lower price because of the rating. b class does not mean refurbushed. you are taking a "slight" risk of the product failing, but usally the seller will warranty the product for 1 yr. Most times if the product doesn't fail withing a few weeks, it is usally ok.
What is universal serial bus port?
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) port is an input/output port that allows the transfer of data from the computer's hard drive to the portable hard drive (e.g. flash drive). The port serves as the communication mechanism between the two hard drives.
2 12 volt batteries to 24 volt?
To get 24V from 2 12 V battery's Yo hook up the positive pole + of one of the battery's to the negative pole - of the other one. you will be left with a positive pole on each battery wit no connection on them The voltage between them is 24.
If you want the battery to have the same voltage but have more amperage you connect positive to positive and negative to negative.
Why cant you do a defragmenter on your computer?
You may not be a computer administrator, however sometimes you can still do one.
Your computer may not need a defragment.
Your computer does not have enough free space. Computers need about 15% of space to be free before you can defragment.
What type of electronics does CeX sell to consumers?
Phones, DVD players and games. They are able to sell and distribute these items. Also things like tablets and cameras, monitors, and computers. So it would be a great selection to choose from.
Add up all the bits in a "word" - usually in 7 bits of an 8 but byte, and use the top bit in the byte to store the result. If there is an even number of bits set, the "parity bit" is 0, and if it is odd, the "parity bit" should be 1.
Electronic circuits can easily be made that generates this on say a COM port, that transmits one bit at a time and makes it possible to detect errors in the communication. It is also used in RAM memory - also to identify faulty memory chips. On disks they use more than 1 bit, and will here call it "ECC" - "Error Correction Circuitry". This is based on 3 bits that enables reconstructing the byte, not just detect an error.
Dense storage and fast transmission is always a trade-off with the correct stored data or data transmitted. Where the errors can be corrected without reducing capacity this is used.
An electronic latch is a simple bi-stable state-holding circuit. That means it has two stable "states", kind of like a light switch (ON and OFF). Once the latch is switched ON, it will stay there until it is switched OFF or until power is lost, and vice-versa.
Latches can be built in a variety of ways, but the most commonly studied latch is the S-R latch made with NAND or NOR gates. In this latch, "SET" is the name of one state, and "RESET" is the other state:
http://www.play-hookey.com/digital/rs_nand_latch.html
Latches can be used to build memory circuits in digital systems. There are millions of latch circuits in a computer system.
Three 2-input XOR gates and one 3-input NOR gate will do the work. Connect each output of each XOR gate to one input of the 3-input NOR gate and apply the two 3-bit words to the inputs of the XOR gates. If X (X2X1X0) and Y(Y2Y1Y0) are two 3-bit words, X2 and Y2 will connect to one XOR gate, X1 and Y1 to the next XOR gate and X0 and Y0 to the last XOR gate. You could see the result of the operation on a LED connected to the output of the NOR gate. Other implementations are also possible of course.
The solution above is absolutely correct, but includes a 3 input gate. If the task is to use only two input gates, then a small change will be needed. Take the outputs from any two XOR gates into a 2 input OR gate. Then take the output of the OR gate and the output of the third XOR gate into a 2 input NOR gate. The operation remains identical to the first solution but adheres to the brief of using gates with 2 inputs. In the real world, there is probably no reason to impose such a limitation on a design so the first solution would normally be the preferred route to take.
Where can you find a competitive profile matrix for Samsung Electronics?
The competitive profile matrix for Samsung Electronics can be found at the Samsung Electronics shops. It is only the Samsung accredited shops where the competitive profile matrix are offered.
What is Bulk resistance in terms of basic electronics?
please tell about the BULK and its role in the fabrication of CMOS ?
The joining together of two or more conductors in an electric circuit.