Ethics and Morality

Confucianism as interpreted by Mencius posits that humans are inherently good. He believed all humans have the ability to distinguish right from wrong and even if a child has not been taught which acts are acceptable and not bad, they have the ability to feel shame.

decisions arrived at based on self-interest or impluses

A cultural relativist does not believe in an absolute morality--what is moral changes according to the cultural context and situation.

I'm not going to answer your TOK essay for you. Do some research! Think along the lines of claim and counterclaims for a WoK and add in interesting examples, Can you add in AoK? Tests for truth? How about persuasion and propaganda? Finally, add your own ideas to it. Good Luck :D

It is a response to the expression "The end justifies the means", which asserts that sometimes you have to do bad things in order for good things to happen. If in the end the good outweighs the bad, then the net result is good.

The response "The end does not justify the means" asserts that it is not possible to do good by doing something that is inherently wrong. Each action done must be measured independently, good or bad, or otherwise people will justify their bad actions based on the good they have done.

This statement is essentially saying that the methods of reaching a particular goal were not excuseable. An example would be if you were given a promotion, but you had to lie and cheat to get it. Just because you were given the promotion does not excuse the fact that you lied and cheated.

It means that just because a goal was reached does not validate the process by which the goal was achieved. So someone who got rich by ripping off other people does not mean the person is a good business person. It just means that they got rich through illegal acts.

The Hippocratic Oath, means to do no harm. Attributed to a Greek in the 5th century BCA.

Values are strong ideas by which you make decisions. These are different from beliefs, which are strongly held values and shape the way you think. For example, you may find hard work as a value but the idea that an all-loving God created the Universe is your belief.

The ends of human acts can be both tragic and happy. Many times people die because of what they've done.

Basic factors that should be considered in any ethical decision are the the truth and fairness

When you can look yourself in the mirror without regretting your actions and decisions about an issue, it makes those decisions moral ones. If you feel guilt over something that means it conflicted with your morals and you knew it was wrong. Morals are your beliefs and values.

The features of the founder Prince according to Machiavelli include great sense of ethics.

An example of fear conscience is when a person does not want to do or say a certain thing out of fear. Their conscience will begin to bother them and bring fear to their mind regarding the consequences of their actions.

Democracy affects not only my own life, but everyone's life who is lucky enough to live in such a place. Democracy is the concept of all people considered people (different times when this was written) will rule themselves. Basically, in a more modern outlook, everyone is the boss of themselves, and is free to make their own decisions about, who they vote for, who they like, what religion they are (if any), etc.

cyber ethics ror kids

If the government wished to enforce ethical standards for scientific experiments, they could appoint some person or agency to review all scientific publications, in search of experiments which seem to be unethical, which could then be investigated further and, if actual ethical violations are found, prosecuted under whatever legislation was passed to create ethical standards (or possibly under existing laws about cruelty to animals).

Human right in its simplest meaning refers to the liberties and further privileges that an individual has by which one expresses him/herself freely without prejudices or abuse from the society in which one stays.

Human right is a basic or fundamental right that an individual cannot be denied of. It is an inherent right which begins by birth until death.

No body has the right to deny any individual of his or her right, when such person have not committed any crime or gone against the laws of the land in which he resides.

In-respective of an individuals religion, education or association, their human right is an inalienable right

The details of moral theories are not my area of expertise, but I am sure that somebody will come along soon with some juicy morsels.

Most moral theories focus on intentions, as to do otherwise would render acts which were meant to be good as bad. For example, seeing somebody drop a wallet and handing it in at a police station would be a good intention. But if the contents of the wallet revealed to the Desk Sergeant that his new Constable was, in fact, an internal investigator gathering evidence for the Sergeant's corruption, then the outcome would be bad. However, the intention was not to aid a corrupt policeman, so while the result was bad, the intention was good: thus the person cannot be said to have been morally bad under most moral codes.

Some moral codes also include ones thoughts as intentions. They say that if you think something then that is as bad as doing it, even though one cannot help ones own thoughts.

It also depends what you mean by "intentions". Again, some moral codes focus on the interaction between people and the harm or good it causes, while other codes try to dictate what what two consenting adults can do whilst alone together, and harming nobody else. Some codes even extend this to dictate what one can do when totally alone, with no intention to harm anything or anyone.

Jainism has a rather nice central code: "do nothing to intentionally hurt or harm any other living thing". The Jains have had some trouble with that, though, since germ theory and antibiotics were discovered.

Most moral codes, however, reflect not the original teachings or writings (or whatever created them), but the attitude of the person who subscribes. Thus: a Christian, a Muslim, a Jew, a Hindu, a Humanist, and a Buddhist may all subscribe to the same moral code but call it different things and believe (or not) in gods of various types.

The future use of prosthetics to enhance a bodyparts natural function

Children observe every aspect of their parents as well as the values and morals they honor and conduct themselves accordingly. This is learned and followed by the children.

the fact that it saves energy

Cultural Relativism is important because, when taking into account philosophical moral views it is vital to remember that different cultures have different views on what is moral and what is immoral. Especially if you are trying to find one absolute moral rule/law/truth. For example what is morally permissible in one culture may not be morally permissible in another. Such as cannibalism. Say that there are tribes in Africa that believe cannibalism is morally permissible - so long as it's not from your own tribe. To us that sounds horrific, cannibalism is not only immoral but also illegal (keep in mind though that just because something is illegal does not necessarily make it immoral and vice versa(sp?)). Taking into account the difference in cultures allows us to view this act with less horror and more with a critical inquiry; which is important when searching for that ever elusive absolute truth.

Suprisingly, I have found that materialism isn't much when you are DATING. but when you get into kinda the year mark or so, It becomes more of a " shared material " situation. You grow into this deal where you think of it instead as US, not you. But this is just from a 14 year old girl who has seen it in friends, not personally, but I hope this helps you out!