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Mathematicians
Often, to completely understand the importance of a mathematical theory, it's essential to know about the person who developed it. This category is where all questions about historically significant mathematicians should be asked.
6,570 Questions
How could you determine mass using Archimedes' principle?
The overall force Fan object submerged in liquid experiences is,
F = ∮S(-)ρgzds, S is the submerged boundary of the object.
∵ ds = i(i⋅ds) + j(j⋅ds) + k(k⋅ds), i, j and k are unit vector in +x, +y and +z direction respectively.
∴ F = -ρg∮Sz(i(i⋅ds) + j(j⋅ds) + k(k⋅ds)) = (-ρg∮S(zi)⋅ds)i + (-ρg∮S(zj)⋅ds)j + (-ρg∮S(zk)⋅ds)k = (-ρg∮V∇⋅ (zi)⋅dv)i + (-ρg∮V∇⋅ (zj)⋅dv)j + (-ρg∮V∇⋅ (zk)⋅dv)k
∵ ∇⋅ (zi) = 0, ∇⋅ (zj) = 0, ∇⋅ (zk) = 1
∴ F = (-ρg∮Vdv)k =-ρgVk
The magnitude of the overall force (buoyant force) is ρgV, and the direction is -k.
--JF Hu
What did Charles Strite invent?
Charles Strite invented the first pop-up toaster in 1921. Patented on October 18, 1921. His toaster was the first to incorperate a variable timer that adjusts toasting time.
At what university did Charles Babbage work?
Charles Babbage was a British mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer who is widely credited as the father of the computer. He was a professor of mathematics at the University of Cambridge from 1828 until his death in 1871. He worked on several projects related to mathematics and computing during his time at the university, including the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine, both of which are considered to be early precursors to the modern computer. Babbage also worked closely with the university's Lucasian Chair of Mathematics, the then-current holder of which was the famous physicist and mathematician, Isaac Newton.
In 1839, Babbage was appointed as the first Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. This position allowed him to pursue his interest in mathematics and computing, and he quickly became an influential figure in the field. He was also an active member of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, publishing several papers on mathematics, computing and other topics.
Babbage's work at the University of Cambridge was highly acclaimed, and he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1816. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and a member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. His work was instrumental in developing the foundations for computer science, and he is considered to be one of the most influential figures in the history of computing.
Where did Alan Turing grow up?
Alan Turing was born in Paddington, in London on June 23, 1912. His father was still in the army and had to return to India, so Alan and his elder brother John stayed in England. Alan attended school first at St Michael's School in St Leonards on Sea. Then at the age of 14 he attended Sherborne School, in Sherborne, in Dorset. The school was begun in 1550 and is still teaching boys. In 1931, at the age of 19 he began at Kings College, Cambridge.
How did Charles Babbage come up with the idea?
One of Charles Babbage's jobs was as a Computer calculating navigation tables.
He became very frustrated one day with the slow and error prone process of having several Computers calculate one table, then crosscheck their answers, recalculate and recrosscheck any errors found, have the printer typeset the table, recheck the printer's proofs against the calculated table, have the printer retypeset any errors found, etc.
At this point he decided that there must be a way to make a machine powered by stream do the entire task without error. His initial idea was a Difference Engine, but this eventually led to the fully programmable Analytical Engine.
How did the British crack enigma?
There is not a short or simple answer to this question. Several books have been written about British efforts to penetrate the German Enigma Codes during the Second World War. It began with the Polish government efforts in the months prior to the German invasion of Poland in September 1939. The Poles used several brilliant mathematicians working long hours to start. The British used mathematicians, early computers-like machines, and British made replicas of the Enigma cipher machines. It also required a very large number of Enigma coded radio transmissions that were intercepted (heard), recorded, and catalogued by the British. The idea was to discover a few letters or numbers that were encoded. To build on that knowledge to discover words & phrases, and then eventually sentences. The Enigma code actually changed often over the course of weeks. The British had to create a working machine that could accept all the identical changes (settings) made on the German machines and determine when & how to make the changed settings at the same time as the Germans. This took months & years of work. Sometimes a German Enigma machine or code book was captured that helped in the research. Sometimes the code was read for only a short time until the Germans changed the code (turned rotors & rearranged cable plugs) in their machines in a way that the British could not quickly duplicate. The code never stayed "cracked" and often only portions of German messages were decoded. It is a very complicated business, so often the most difficult mind-work ever done. Modern computers help a lot, but modern codes also use codes created by computers. Both sides use technology.
This is an instrument used to determine the richness of milk.
due to the specific gravity
Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher. He laid the foundation for the modern theory of probabilities.
Who invented the Analytical Engine?
Never and it is highly unlikely one will ever be made.
Its inventor, Charles Babbage, never completed the plans and was unable to convince anyone to fund its construction (largely because he had frustrated those funding the construction of his earlier difference engine by not completing it when promised then effectively doing what they considered a "bait and switch" when he decided to stop work on the difference engine and offer them what he claimed to be the "better" analytical engine instead).
There is no serious reason to consider building an analytical engine now as it would be painfully slow, be far larger than the largest vacuum tube computer ever built, require dozens of mechanics and machinists to maintain it and keep it running, etc. compared to modern highspeed electronic microprocessor based computers. Also much of the analytical engine would have to be designed from scratch as Babbage's drawings do not cover the complete machine.
Two copies of Babbage's Difference Engine #2 were built in 1991 and 2008 by the London Museum of Science. This machine was much simpler and used fewer parts than Babbage's original Difference Engine #1 (using ideas and designs derived from his work designing the analytical engine) and had an apparently complete set of plans, making it ideal to research the question of if these machines could actually be built and function reliably using the tolerances that machinists in the 1830s were able to do. They succeeded in building both machines and found that they worked very reliably, however it also showed that the machines do not survive transportation well (but this would not have been a problem in the 1800s as they would have been constructed onsite and never moved), also a "minor" change made to make it easier to crank the machine by hand (one that Babbage would not have made himself as he probably designed it that way to limit the torque in the machine) permitted the machine to be overtorqued and breaking several carry arms accidentally.
What did Thales of Miletus discover?
While he realized that the material world was reducible to a single element, Thales mistakenly supposed this to be water.
What did Archimedes accomplish?
Archimedes was considered one of the best arithmeticians ever to have lived. He perfected a method of integration which allowed him to find areas, volumes, surface areas, and centers of mass of many geometrical objects.
Are there any famous women mathematicians?
Mary Frances Winston Newson
Mina Rees
Gertrude Blanch
Teresa Cohen
Bernadette Perrin-Riou
Hilda Phoebe Hudson
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What jobs did Charles Babbage hold?
Charles Babbage was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor, and mechanical engineer. He is best-known for originating the concept of a programmable computer.
What jobs were there in ancient Greece?
Depending on which state, or polis, you lived in, there were many occupations for men in ancient Greece. Some commonly held positions included farmer, shepherd, fisherman, blacksmith, statesman, or warrior (most men of ancient Greece spent a portion of their life serving in the army). There were also a few more 'skilled' trades such as teacher, musician, player, etc.
The role of the woman in ancient Greece was as homemaker. A woman would look after the children, cook meals, and weave.
Important facts about Isaac Newton?
His father died three months before he was born, could not sign his name, but was a wealthy farmer. He threatened to burn down his mother and subsequent step-father's house with them inside. He showed little promise in grammar school. He was described as "idle" and "inattentive". Isaac was a very small baby not expected to survive. His mother even said that Isaac was so small that he could have fit inside a quart mug. Newton was born into a farming family. He was born the same year that Galileo died
Thales mostly worked in Melitus. On the occasion, he worked where he traveled. He didn't have a distinctive study area.
