Persian Empire

That may refer to:

1) The Bábí Faith.

2) The Bahá'í Faith, which is, in a way, the continuation of the Bábí Faith, or an offspring thereof, but which has its own founder, holy books, and in some cases, different laws.

There was no King Ahasuerus of Persia, but many Bible commentaries observe that Ahasuerus is likely the Hebraicised version of King Xerxes, the Achaemenid leader who ruled from 486 to 465 BCE.

Esther is unlikely to have been Xerxes'wife, because his only known wife, Amestris, continued in her role well beyond his third year as king (the date the text suggests Vashti was deposed). Other problems in the story call into question the story's reliability, for example Mordecai is identified as having been sent into exile by Nebuchadnezzar - an event that must have place over a century before Xerxes assumed power.

In relation to Cyrus of Persia, the Lord changed His usual procedure with foreign nations by calling Cyrus His "anointed" and using him as an instrument to accomplish His purposes. The Lord also allowed Cyrus to release the Jews from their captivity in Babylon and to help them rebuild their temple in Jerusalem.

Susa, Persepolis, Babylon, Susa, Memphis, and a hundred Greek cities in Asia Minor.

The initial Persian expansion was against the cities of Mesopotamia.

After Persia established its empire by conquest, it tried to establish it as a peaceful and prosperous region. This was partially successful, interrupted by revolts by Greeks and other peoples seeking to break away from its control, regardless of the misery and losses which these wars brought.

They began in 499 BCE at Miletus when its tyrant initiated a revolt against Persian rule when he faced reprisals from the Persian governor. A second phase began when a Persian punitive expedition was launched against Eretria and Athens for intervening in this revolt. This expedition was turned beck at the battle Marathon north of Athens 10 years later.

Greece was strongest when city-states banded together.

It was part of the Parthian Empire 248 BCE to 224 CE.

Persia did not receive Greek territory from Sparta. In the latter part of the Peloponnesian War, Persia provided the money for the Peloponnesian League, which Sparta led, to build and man a war fleet which could match the hitherto dominant Athenian fleet. This fleet defeated the Athenian fleet at Aigospotamai in 405 BCE, which led to Athenian surrender the following year.

After the end of this internal Greek war, the Greek city-states continued to fight each other to exhaustion under various shifting alliances, with first Sparta, then Thebes dominating. Persia took the opportunity to take back the Greek city-states in Asia Minor which it had lost earlier in the first half of the 5th Century BCE during the Persian Wars. The weakened Greek city-states of mainland Greece were then taken over by Macedonia, which later invaded Asia under Alexander, who took over the Persian Empire for himself.

And Sparta under king Agesilaus had actually invaded Asia Minor and begun pushing the Persians back when internal wars in mainland Greece forced his recall in 494 BCE. It remained to Macedonia under Alexander 60 years later to undo the Persian Empire.

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Yes.

wheat

Alexander the Great became the ruler of Europe's first empire but it was his father that united Greece under Macedonian hegemony with plans for a campaign to liberate the Greeks of Asia Minor from Persian yoke under his leadership.
Whenever a Greek state became supreme, that supremacy entailed the depression of some states and the dependency or subjection of others like Athens, in the day of her triumph did to Athens in the Peloponnesian Wars. As the eminent historian, J.B. Bury writes, "Athens was reduced to a secondary place by Macedon, and Thebes fared still worse; As the hegemony or first place among Greek states had passed successively from Athens to Sparta, and to Thebes, so now it passed to Macedon".
Alexander took up the mantle of Philips campaign after his assassination and went on to conquer the Persian Empire which spanned three continents - from Greece in Europe, through Asia to today's Afghanistan, Iran, through the south to Egypt and finally to Pakistan and India.

Artaxerxes II.

Persia is now called Iran.

If you're asking about the Holy Temple in Jerusalem, according to our tradition there were two decrees. The first, by King Cyrus of Persia, was an invitation (a permission), not an order; and it was given in 370 BCE. The second decree was by the prophet Haggai, in the year 352 BCE.

The Macedonians under Alexander defeated a provincial Persian army, allowing Alexander to continue his advance into the heart of the Persian Empire.

King Darius the Great who put down a revolt by the Ionian Greek cities within his empire. His attempt to subdue Athens was turned back at the battle of Marathon.

The population of Persia is an exceedingly complex issue, due to the inter-relation of other countries and the rate of immigration to and from the countries involved. The general consensus for 2013 was that the population was at an approximate level of 77,365,669.

Not at all - he followed the model of the predecessor empires he took over - Assyrian and Babylonian.

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