The Difference Between

About three years ago DDR2 memory first appeared on the desktop PC scene. It would be impossible to say it burst on the scene since it was introduced with the unimpressive Intel NetBurst processors. In that market DDR2 was more like a trickle since it was mainly a curiosity for a processor that was running a distant second place to the leading AMD Athlon chips, which were still powered by DDR memory.

DDR2 finally became the universal standard last May/June when AMD switched to DDR2 on their new AM2 platform and Intel introduced Core 2 Duo, the new CPU performance leader. Core 2 Duo resided on socket 775, which also was fed by DDR2. While it sometimes seems like centuries ago, it is worth remembering that Intel Core 2 Duo regained the CPU performance crown less than a year ago, and the two years prior to that all the fastest systems used AMD Athlon 64/X2/FX processors.

We compared performance of DDR2 on the new platforms in July of last year. AM2 provided better bandwidth with DDR2, but the better AM2 bandwidth did not translate into better performance. Since Core 2 Duo was faster at the same timings, it appeared the Intel Core 2 Duo architecture was not particularly bandwidth hungry and that it made very good use of the DDR2 bandwidth that was available with the chipset memory controller.

Since last May/June DDR2 has finally turned the market, and it has made some remarkable transformations along the way. The early 5-5-5 timings at the official DDR2-800 speed have since been replaced by several high performance memories capable of 3-3-3 timings at DDR2-800. The best memory at DDR2-1066 can now operate at 4-4-3 timings, and the fastest DDR2 is now around DDR2-1266 and still getting faster.

Perhaps even more remarkable, in the last year DDR2 memory prices have dropped to half of what they once were (sometimes more), and today DDR2 is often cheaper than the DDR memory it replaced. Compared to the very expensive prices at launch and into the holiday buying season we see DDR2 is now the memory price standard in the desktop computer market.

Fast forward a year and Intel is now launching their first chipsets to support DDR3 memory. In one of the sloppiest NDA launches in recent memory we already have P35 boards for sale since early May. The official chipset introduction is scheduled for May 21st and boards are "officially" launching into the retail channel on June 4th.

We can tell you that Intel does not really have an NDA, but they have been very aggressive in holding first tier manufacturers to a May 21st performance embargo and retail distribution on June 4th. Despite that, people around the world have been able to buy P35 boards from several retailers. We have retail boards we bought on the open market, which makes the 21st NDA a moot point in our opinion. Still, we value our relationship with both Intel and the major board makers, so this will not be a full P35 launch review. You will see that coming on May 21st.

What this review does address is the performance of the new DDR3 memory that is launched with P35. The new Intel P35 chipset, known as Bearlake during development, supports either DDR2 or DDR3 memory. This presented a perfect opportunity to look at the performance of both DDR3 and DDR2 on the new P35 chipset. We were also able to compare performance to a Gold Editors' Choice Intel P965 motherboard. The results of these comparisons provided interesting results about the capabilities of the new P35 memory controller. It also answered the question of whether you should care about DDR3 in any upcoming system purchase.

Comparison of Datagram and Virtual Circuit Subnet

Issue Datagram Virtual CircuitConnection SetupNoneRequiredAddressingPacket contains full source and destination addressPacket contains short virtual circuit number identifier.State informationNone other than router table containing destination networkEach virtual circuit number entered to table on setup, used for routing.RoutingPackets routed independentlyRoute established at setup, all packets follow same route.Effect of router failureOnly on packets lost during crashAll virtual circuits passing through failed router terminated.Congestion controlDifficult since all packets routed independently router resource requirements can vary.Simple by pre-allocating enough

Asynchronous transmission refers to the case when the sending initiate transmission of byte at any instant of time. In asynchronous transmission only one byte is sent at a time and there is no time relation between consecutive bits. This transmission is also referred to as start-stop transmission.

This is achieved by providing two extra bits, a start bit at the beginning and a stop bit at the end of a byte. The start bit always "0" and is prefixed to each byte. The stop bit is always "1" and also suffixed to each byte usually 1,1.5 or 2 bits.

ANSWERED BY= SATISH KUMAR (AKASH VERMA) [LUCKNOW UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW]

RAM is memory chips.... Well usually.

Random Access Memory (RAM) means essentially any type of data storage which is re-writable. The converse being Read Only Memory (ROM) which can only be written once.

These terms have been used in other ways however, CD-ROMS for example can only be written once, but nobody ever refers to CDRW's (which can be rewritten) as CD-RAM's. However DVD-RAM is a reasonably common phrase.

In any case, when someone refers to a computer systems RAM, they are referring to the memory chips inside it.

It should be noted that the system's primary memory may not be the only RAM in the system, the Video card can also have a large amount of RAM of its own, this is commonly referred to as "video RAM" with the primary memory referred to as "system RAM"

• Mall shopping is always better, because you can go around and find new stuff. But on the Internet, you only see what has been chosen by a specific website.

• Yes, it is; you just need to enter your credit/debit card number -- that's it.
• Internet shopping for me! It's during the weekend that we normally relax, away from the hectic office work and household chores; and most of us spend that time in shopping. Shopping is a kind of relaxation; even if it's window shopping. But as mentioned above, life has become so chaotic that to be clued up about the latest trends is just not possible. So instead of spending the whole weekend roaming around malls, just sitting at home and browsing the Web to shop is the best way for me.

In call center industry. Inbound refers to incoming and Outbound referes to outgoing.

Inbound Call Center:-

Inbound call center is where incoming calls and customer queries are handled by the customer care representatives.

Outbound Call Center:-

Outbound call center is where Customer sales agents makes outgoing calls to new customers as well as existing customers. Outbound call centers are also used for lead generation.

Navigate to the page you wish to set as your homepage. Click "Tools" in the menu at the top of your browser. Then click "Options" or "Internet Options" from the drop down menu. Depending on the browser you use, the next option will change. In Firefox the next button to click is "Main". In Internet Explorer it's "General" and should be open by default after you click on the "Internet Options". In Avant browser you can set multiple home pages and chose to have them all open when you start the browser. Which ever browser you use, it should be in the tools menu. Just do a little digging.

On you tool bar there should be a button that looks like a house or it says 'Home'. Beside that there is a little arrow (might be below it). Click the arrow. Then there should be a list of your current homepage(s). below that it should say something along the lies of 'add or change home page'. Click. Then select the option you want.

The internal schema describes how the data will be physically stored and accessed, using the facilities provided by a particular DBMS. For example, the data might be organized so that all the insurance policies belonging to a given customer were stored close together, allowing them all to be retrieved into the computer's memory in a single operation. The conceptual schema (sometimes called the logical schema) describes the stored data in terms of the data model of the DBMS. In a relational DBMS, the conceptual schema describes all relations that are stored in the database The external schemasspecify views that enable different users of the data to see it in different ways. As a simple example, some users of policy data might not require details of the commission paid. By providing them with a view that excludes the Commission Rate column, we would not only shield them from unwanted (and perhaps unauthorized) information, but also insulate them from changes that might be made to the format of that data.

by:mohammed abu Lamdy

ANDROID an open platform for smartphones from the Open Handset Alliance, combiden with a suite of basic applications for mobile devices and ANdroid Market where is available a lot of games and applications you need ... its based on unix core, and Android API

WHILE

Windows Mobile is a compact closed source proprietary operating system combined with a suite of basic applications for mobile devices based on the Microsoft win23 and API

• CISC: Manchester Baby, EDVAC, EDSAC, BINAC, UNIVAC I, IBM 704, IBM 650, IBM 305, IBM AN/FSQ-7, IBM 7090, IBM 1620, IBM 1401, DEC PDP-1, Apollo Guidance Computer, IBM System/360, UNIVAC 1107, DEC PDP-8, DECSYSTEM-10, Intel 4004, Intel 8008, Intel 8080, Zilog Z-80, Zilog Z-8000, DEC PDP-11, Data General Nova, Motorola 68000, Intel Pentium, DEC VAX
• RISC: CDC 6600, CDC 7600, Cray-1, Cray-2, Cray-3, Sparc, IBM RISC, IBM POWER, Intel i960, MIPS, Motorola 88000, DEC Alpha, PowerPC, ARM

Note: CISC was very important when memory was small and very expensive as it allowed programs to be reduced in size. It was also very important when more programming was done with assembly languages than with high order languages as it made for instructions that were easy for programmers to understand. But with declining memory costs and almost all programming being done with compilers, research showed that that most of the instructions in a CISC instruction set were redundant and not needed. Eliminating them and reducing the instruction set to just a core of essential instructions allowed for both a significant reduction in the hardware needed to build a computer and the development of simpler more powerful compilers. With less hardware in the computer optimizing its design for higher speeds became much easier. Thus the concept of RISC was formed.

The CDC machines and the Cray-1 listed above were designed before the concept of RISC formally existed, but clearly meet its definition in retrospect. Designed by Seymour Cray, his primary goal was to produce the fastest computer possible at the time, which required elimination of all unnecessary hardware that might limit the speed of the machine. He even eliminated all data synchronization latches/registers, instead using hand tuned delay lines made of loose hanging loops of twisted pair to make sure signals arrived where needed at exactly the right time.