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History of the Middle East
Located at the juncture of Asia, Africa and Europe, the Middle East has been one of the centers of ancient civilization. Today it continues its historic significance as it provides much of the world's energy through its oil resources.
5,104 Questions
What was unusual about the six-day war in 1967?
In May 1967, Charismatic Egyptian President Abdul Gamel Nasser cried out for Pan Arab Unity with a threat to push Israel "into the sea." The armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan mobilized their troops to surround Israel and kicked out the UN observers.
Israel, seeing that she was outnumbered by armies of three nations, decided that a surprise attack was the best way to deal with an impending war. Thus by surprising Egypt, Jordan and Syria, Israel averted her possible annihilation and defeated the Arabs in six days.
Bedouins get water from oases and underground aquifers.
Who governed Palestine before the State of Israel was declared?
Britain.
Answer2.
The territory of Palestine, i.e. the geographical area that included modern Jordan( it comprises over 70% of Palestine), Gaza, Israel ( including Judea and Samaria), Southern part of Syria and Soutehrn part of Lebanon, was by the decision of the League of Nations passed under the mandate of Great Britain with the condition that Great Britain would make it "The Home for Jewish People".
Great Britain, in pursue of its political goals, breached this condition and passed over 70% of the territory of Palestine to Arab clan of Hashemites, proclaiming Abdallah, the son of the small Arabian war-lord Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi , the Emir of Transjordan and then he proclaimed himself the King.
That was the beginning of the conflict known as the Arab-Israeli conflict that lasts already more than 70 years.
As a matter of fact, Great Britain did not rule in Palestine; it was a Mandate Power whose role was to create the necessary conditions for making the territory under its Mandate ready for becoming independent nations.
What did Suez crisis and six day war have in common?
In both cases, Egyptian Leader Gamal Abdel Nasser made bellicose statements and antagonized and threatened Israel's existence. Israel successfully conquered the Sinai Peninsula in each and gave the Sinai back to the Egyptians in exchange for a longer-term status agreement.
How did IslamicMuslim achievements reach European society?
the muslims studied the writings of ancient greece.
What happened when Muslims moved into the area around Jerusalem?
Nothing in particular. The arrival of Muslims in the areas around the city did not have any significant effect on Jerusalem and its organization. A far greater change occurred when the Muslims actually began to rule the city, because they reorganized the social hierarchy and they built the Dome of the Rock Shrine and the Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Old City.
What are some possible solutions to the Arab-Israeli Conflict?
The "should" is dangerous. There is no perfect solution that will make everyone happy and as a result, different people argue for different solutions that put them in a better position than other solutions. It's a complicated situation that probably requires many resolutions over a long time.
As there are several possible solutions, there may be multiple answers.
Answer 1
The Bottom Line is that both sides have a number of important and difficult concessions to make in pursuit of peace and the majority on each side are not willing to concede as much as they should. One of the best proposed solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is the Geneva Initiative which provides for a comprehensive resolution of each side's major issues. However, this Initiative requires a number of major concessions from each side, some of which are very painful. See the link below for more information.
What happened to the Romans when they couldn't pay their taxes?
Romans who could not or did not pay their taxes were sometimes forced to work for the government. Other times they were placed in prison and, rarely, executed.
When the US gave aid to Israel during the Yom Kippur War were the Arab nations pleased?
No. The Arab Nations openly stated that they were trying to erase Israel from the map during the Arab-Israeli War of 1973 (also known as the Yom Kippur War or Ramadan War). Any support of Israel would have been counter to their agenda and would thus be very displeasing to them. The Arab displeasure with American support for Israel during that conflict was expressed through the Arab Oil Embargo that attempted to cow into submission the many nations that had supported Israel in the past.
Khipu (English) Known as talking knot or Quipu (spanish) used in the Inca times. Its a colored spun made of either llama, alpaca or cotton. The spun has numeric value made by knots.
How did geography of the near east affect the development of religious beliefs?
Religion and geography is the study of the impact of geography, i.e. place and space, on religious belief. Another aspect of the relationship between religion and geography is religious geography, in which geographical ideas are influenced by religion, such as early map-making, and the biblical geography that developed in the 16th century to identify places from the Bible. Religious belief, mankind's relationship with a higher force - God or "the gods," and the afterlife, has always been linked to geographic considerations. This is most evident in the ancient world and can be contrasted in Mesopotamian civilizations with Ancient Egypt. Since the gods controlled the natural world, disasters were often linked with the displeasure of the gods. This idea can be traced back to prehistory when nomadic groups relied upon positive life forces in nature to provide food and shelter.
Witch Arab country country had a 16 year civil war?
The country that had a civil war that lasted from 1975 to 1991 was Lebanon. ,
How was the Middle Eastern civilization spread throughout the mediterranean sea?
Phoenicians spread the Middle Eastern civilization throughout the Mediterranean.
No, they are Eastern European. On the newer Atlases, we are now put as part of Europe because our culture, history and political views are similar to Europe's . So Armenians are European and our borders are in Europe. The European Union has recognized us as a European nation and we are part of the Council of Europe.
How did Iran change after the Shah of Iran was deposed?
before revolution the government was puppet of US and was anti Islam.
people loved Islam and wanted to be Muslim. but the dictator King (Shah) forced women to not wear Hijab and opposed Islamic rules.
revolution changed country to an Islamic country and Islamic rules were implemented in country after revolution.
Which four counrties took part in the 1967 six day war?
Countries participating in the 6 day war against Israel:
Egypt
Syria
Jordan
The Arab Expeditionary Forces:
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Morocco
Algeria
Libya
Kuwait
Tunisia
Sudan
PLO
Pakistan
How long was the Israeli Palestinian conflict resolve?
Answer 1
The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict has its origins in the confrontation between immigrant Zionist Jews in the Mandate of Palestine and their interaction with the indigenous Palestinian Arabs in the 1920s and 1930s. Before that point, the immigration into the land had been a small trickle and Arabs were not terribly concerned. However, the Jewish immigration in the 1920s was quite large and disruptive. By the mid 1930s, both sides had developed militias which they used both to attack British colonial institutions and each other. In 1947, as UN Resolution 181 was being debated, a full-scale war erupted between the Jewish militias and the Arab militias. When Israel declared its independence in 1948, the neighboring Arab States joined in the War which caused it to be internationally recognized and called the Arab-Israeli War of 1948-9.
Therefore, if we use the terms Israeli and Palestinian retroactively to those people who would eventually identify or would be identified as Israelis or Palestinians, the conflict started during the 1920s, making it a conflict of over 90 years in length. If we require that these terms be strictly applied, then the conflict started in 1948 when Israel declared its independence, which would make it a conflict of only 64 years in length.
Answer 2
"Palestinians" is a relative new invention, dating from the middle 70's Before that, Arabs defined themselves as either Arabs citizens of Jordan , Syria or Egypt. Jews called themselves Palestinians from 1918 (when the British received a mandate from the league of nations to establish a Jewish state in the historical land of Israel) till 1948, when they became Israelis. The Arab - Israeli conflict has been going on for more than 100 years (with different levels of intensity), where Arabs (and most Muslims) see it as religious offense that Jews live in Israel. Interestingly enough most Islamic scholars do not see any problem with a Jewish state, but as usual , the violent and extreme minority sway the majority.
What factors have tended to unite the Arab nations since independence?
Answer 1
The Arab nations were actually divided in a sense but they always tended to unite for the cause of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Although each Arab nation strives to conquer the Arab world, they still remain prideful in national identity and assertion of rights to the Holy Land.
Answer 2
The Arab Nations are deeply divided both on an international level and a domestic level due to numerous unresolved economic, social, political, military, historical, and developmental issues. However, Arabs claim that certain elements unite them (regardless of whether that is true or not): Arabic language, Arab ethnicity, Islam as a religion, Islamic history, Middle Eastern cuisine, and censorship of minority views.
When did farming start in the middle east?
Mesopotmia rose because the citizens started to domesticate plants and animals. In order to care for their plants they had to settle down in one place. So when Mesopotamia rose was when the farming in mesopotamia started (10,000- 6,000 B.C.)
How many Palestinians did Jews kill?
Palestine was not involved in World War II. The Palestinians who died during World War II were those who went to fight in Europe (such as the Jewish Brigades in Italy and Hannah Senesh). Arab Palestinians emerged almost unscathed by the war.
When did Palestine take over Israel?
Israel did not invade Palestine per se. There were Jewish communities living in the land of Historic Palestine before the creation of the state of Israel. The mistake they did was to create a state exclusively for them and they denied the right of other groups (Muslims and Christians) to live on the land; the same groups who were their neighbors for hundreds of years.
How did Islam spread across the middle east in the 8th century?
Answer 1
Islam spread through the good morals, true belief in the one and only one God, tolerance, and justice. All people were treated in Islamic countries equally irrelevant to their colors, races, gender, or faiths.
Some think that Islam spread by war which absolutely wrong. Muslims didn't go in war unless being attacked by others or when people of some countries where oppressed and deprived from practicing their own free will of belief.
Non Muslims in Islamic countries were paying what is called Jizya for being exempted from fighting with Muslims. That is why it was payed only by people who are in age and health and ability to share Muslims in their wars.
It should be differentiated between true Islam beliefs and some Muslims who deviated from real Islam teachings and accordingly commit some terrorist acts. Otherwise, Christianity would blamed because of the Christians who waged the WW1 and WW2 that resulted in killing of millions of civilians, those who committed massacres in Bosnia, Iraq, Afghanistan, and many other countries.
Refer to questions below for more information.
Answer 2
The early Caliphates (or Islamic Empires) expanded due to a number of factors. It is notable that although there are a few occurrences of Muslims carrying out the "Convert or Die" scenario, this is not the most common reason for Islam's expansion exclusively in terms of territory.
1) Arabia - What's that?: Prior to Mohammed, Arabia had been seen as a cultural and political backwater barely worth notice and therefore Mohammed's consolidation of the Arab Tribes was not seriously considered by the Byzantine and Sassanian Empires. This lead to a very porous southern defense and miscalculation of the Islamic Armies.
2) Byzantine-Sassanian Wars: Since the Byzantines and Sassanians considered each other the only real civilizations in the region, they fought each other numerous times in the early 600s C.E. over control of what is today East Turkey and Iraq. These were intense religious wars (Christian vs. Zoroastrian) and greatly weakened both empires at just the wrong time.
3) Tribal Command Structure: Arab Tribes and warriors owed their loyalty to their Sheikhs and leaders without fault because the Sheikh provided each person with all of the amenities and protection necessary to live a full life. Whenever the Arabs went to war, the Sheikhs could count on the ability to muster their tribesmen as soldiers without issue.
4) Support of the Locals: Since the Byzantine Empire and Sassanian Empire were engaged in religious zealotry, it stands to reason that they did not tolerate their religious minorities very well. The Muslims professed to (and did) treat minorities far better than either of these Empires. This led to religious minorities (especially Jews) from within the conquered territories helping Muslims to secure outposts and positions, freeing the Muslims to continue to spread the religion.
5) Citizenship by Conversion: The Islamic Empire was interesting in that being the leader or a person of import in the Empire was not contingent on ethnicity or place of birth as was the case of most prior empires. All a person had to do to gain power and prestige was to convert to Islam. This simple integration mechanism resulted in massive number of Persians, Berbers, and Turks converting to Islam. In fact, the furthest expansions of Islam (Spain, India, West China, South Russia, the Balkans) were all accomplished by non-Arabs (respectively Berbers, Persians/Mughals, Turkmen, Azeris, and Ottomans).
6) Warfare: The leaders charged with expanding the influence of Islam were thoughtful and diligent military leaders. Caliph 'Omar, who conquered much of the Levant, Egypt, Persia, and Iraq was well-known as a strategist and a fighter. It was this knowledge of warfare that allowed Muslim forces to expand the territory's influence.
7) Universality: Islam, as a religion, claims salvation for all people in all places, making the religion very attractive, especially to people born into low castes and bad economic positions.
Answer 3It is to be emphasized that the basic for spread of Islam was the good Islam morals, true belief in the one and only one God, tolerance, and justice. All people were treated in Islamic countries equally irrelevant to their colors, races, gender, or faiths. In Islam country it was never applied the saying "Convert or Die" as it is against Quran rules and instruction that never been violated by Muslims especially in the early ages of Islam per Quran revelation by God to prophet Muhammad in the seventh century. Some non Muslims claim this saying of "Convert or Die" to impose the feature of terrorism and/or cruelty to Islam. Quran states explicitly that no compulsion in religion. All citizens in Muslim majority countries are treated equally irrelevant to their faith and/or races and colors. So, no non Muslim need to convert to Islam just to gain prestige or more power. This was the reason that the Christians in Egypt requested The Caliph Omar to get control of Egypt for them to get rid of the tyranny of the Romans. You may notice that the current Middle East Muslim majority countries became as such in hundreds of years and not in one or two years. Also in Spain that was under Muslim control for hundreds of years, Spain still a Christian majority country after Muslims lifted control over it after some 800 years. Muslim leaders didn't invade a country for gaining more power or wealth but it was either to resist attacks on their territories or to free the will of oppressed people of the country.Why did Hitler hate the Arabs?
No, Hitler didn't really like anybody.
Actually, the above answer is patently untrue. There was a strong affinity between Nazi Germany and the Arab World during the Second World War. Both saw their peoples are races of superior quality forced under heel by the British and the French who had been able to repress their identity. Also the unifying idea of one ethnicity defining nationalism was very potent in the Arab World at the time.
Hitler was no fool and recognized that Arab World could be an ally of his because of the similar mentalities between his party and Arab populist sentiment. He sent Heinrich Himmler to negotiate and develop a relationship with the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem (who was also a rabid Anti-Semite). This relationship led to the coup d'état in Iraq in 1943 and Iraq's Declaration of Alliance with the Axis Powers.
