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Immune System
This category is for questions about how our bodies identify and fight off disease, infection or pathogens through specialized cells, tissues and organs. The system that does this is called the immune system. It produces antibodies which recognize intruders and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.
4,548 Questions
How do you administrate TCID50 and EID50?
When you mean administrate, does this mean procedure for TCID50 or calculation for use? In calculating for the TCID50 and EID50 of the virus in question, you can either use the Spearman-Karber formula or the Reed amd Muench formula. You will be able to determine the amount of virus per 0.1 ml or 1.0 ml depending on the amount used in the procedure. There are a lot of procedure available in the net for both tests. If the computation is 105 per 0.1 ml then there are 100,000 virus particles in that volume. If you need only 103 per ml then 1.0 ml the original suspension shall be diluted with equal volume of diluent (1.0 ml.)
How do you prevent an infant from getting sick?
The same as you would with any other living thing; keep them and the surrounding areas clean and disinfected. Obviously, dress them appropriately when you take them outside. Avoid contact with foreign objects, strangers, or people who have recently had a cold. Most importantly, take them to the doctor's office for shots and regular check-ups.
Phagocytosis
By the process of phagocytosis.
What does the Clonal Selection Theory state?
The Clonal Selection Theory explain how the immune system can be both diverse and very specific at the same time.The theory states:
- All antibodies are precommitted to making a single antibody with a single specificity
- A single cell produces only one antibody which interacts with only one antigen with the highest specificity
- When the right antigen interacts with that cell, it leads to clonal expansion and proliferation of that cell, so that many daughter-cells are made with the exact same specificity
- The ability to recognise an antigen is dependent on a receptor, and the receptor is a product of the same cell that secretes the antibody. This ensures that made antibodies will fit with the antigen they are supposed to bind.
A clone is defined as a group of cells in which all daughter cells are equal in their specificity
How not to be nervous when having injection?
I have had 2 injections in my mouth does is hurt no way all you feel is a tiny scratch and then its all over!! I'm having one on the 21.4.10 on Wednesday aha but i do feel scared but then its not
What is the purpose of a complement pathway?
The classical complement pathway is a group of proteins that arrange the antibody response when you are sick. So basically they will spring into action when something is not right in your body.
What is the American epitope of beauty?
This was set forth since the 17 hundreds by the europeans(mostly the white men). the American epitope of beauty means the more lighter a female is the more beatiful the women is. It was set that white women were the highest of the beauty spectrum(including white hispanic and Asian women), since they are the lightest of all women and the darker a women is the more ugly she is, so black women are consitered the most unattractive, since they are the darkest of all women(some cultures in the 17 hundreds consitered blacks lower then human or apes as a result of that), which I don't agree with.
This is still prevalent in America and also in countries in latin America and Europe. That is why most models today in magazines are white. that is why there are black beauty pageants today for black women, magazines for black women, and etc. Which is a good thing. One of the biggest reasons this view is still wide spread is because most of the people ruling the beauty field are white men. From maxim, sports illustrated and etc promote white mens view of beauty which is the the American epitope of beauty standard. shows such as Americas next top model and models and famous women of color such as Iman, tyra banks, naomi Campbell, joelle kayembe, liya kebede, keyshia cole, jessica white, Megan good, sanaa lathan, vivica fox, halle berry, oluchi onweagba, Stacey dash, joy Bryant, and many more are changing these views but majority of Americans believe this and is still going on when men chose women.
Why is it that my anus started to bleed after I pooped today?
1) gross.......
2) its because you pooped a huge thing out of your anus and then the little slit that it comes out gets stretched and thus you start bleeding........
Why do people in Hilly areas have more rbc's than others?
People in hilly areas often have more red blood cells (RBCs) due to the lower oxygen levels at higher altitudes. In response to the reduced oxygen availability, the body produces more RBCs to enhance oxygen transport and delivery to tissues. This physiological adaptation, known as polycythemia, helps individuals maintain adequate oxygenation despite the challenging environment. Over time, this adaptation becomes more pronounced in populations living at high altitudes.
What are Pa laws tattoo artists training and blood born pathogens?
PA. law prohibits tattooing a minor under the age of 18 without the written consent of the parent or guardian. The state does not issue tattoo licence.
Some municipalities may have laws regarding tattooing however.
Why is there no HIV or AIDS in Svalbard?
It is certainly true that, when reading the UNAIDS statistics, Svalbard seems to stand out as having no reported cases of HIV and AIDS; but this probably is not as strange as it may at first seem. What isolated statistical facts like this fail tell you is that Svalbard is an isolated Arctic archipelago with a population of only around 2,400 people (a large proportion of whom are only temporary residents, with a permanent residence elsewhere in Norway or Russia). Even if Svalbard had exactly the same prevalence of HIV as the rest of Norway (of which it is a part), then you would statistically only expect to find less than one person there who was living with HIV. If just one person there became infected with HIV, then Svalbard would suddenly stand out as having a higher prevalence of HIV than the rest of Norway. You may also want to consider whether or not a person with a chronically weakened immune system would actually choose to live permanently in a remote place with very limited medical facilities, average summer teperatures of just 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit) and where most employment opportunities are in the physically demanding industries of coal mining and fishing. I certainly would not.
B-lymphocytes express both MHC-1 and MHC-2?
Yes they do. MHC 1 are expressed by all nucleated calls (except neurones) and platelets. MHC 11 are expressed by B-cells, macrophages and dendtitic cells. Therefore, some cells express both types.
Disinfection
What is the result of a dead or weakend germ injected into your body?
This is the concept of immunization, the immune system identifies the "germ" as an intruder and develops antibodies to fight it.
