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An Indigo dyefactory in Bengal, 1867

The Indigo revolt was a peasant movement and subsequent uprising of indigofarmers against the indigo planters that arose in Bengal in 1859. The back stage of the revolt goes back half a century[1]when the indigo plantation act was established. After the courageous fight by the Sepoy for independence in 1857 in February-March 1859 the farmers refused to sow a single seedling of indigo plant. The strength of the farmers' resolutions were dramatically stronger than anticipated from a community victimized by brutal treatment for about half a century. Most importantly it was a revolt of both the major religious groups of farmers in Bengal, notably a farmer Haji Molla of Nischindipur said that he would "rather beg than sow indigo".[2]The farmers were in no possession of any types of arms, it was totally a nonviolent resistance.[3]

• 1 Causes of the revolt
• 2 The revolt
• 3 The effect on the British rulers in India
• 4 Cultural effects
• 5 See also
• 6 References

Indigo planting in Bengal dated back to 1777. Louis Bonardwas probably the first indigo planter. With expansion of British power in the Nawabate of Bengal, indigo planting became more and more commercially profitable due to the demand for Blue Dye in Europe. It was introduced in large parts of Burdwan, Bankura, Birbhum, Murshidabad, etc. The indigo planters left no stones unturned to make money. They mercilessly pursued the peasants to plant indigo instead of food crops. They provided loans, called dadon at a very high interest. Once a farmer took such loans he remained in debt for whole of his life before passing it to his successors. The price paid by the planters was meagre,only 2.5% of the market price. So the farmers could make no profit by growing indigo. The farmers were totally unprotected from the brutal indigo planters, who resorted to mortgage or destruction of their property if they were unwilling to obey them. Government rules favoured the planters. By an act in 1833, the planters were granted a free hand in oppression. Even the zamindars, money lenders and other influential persons sided with the planters. Out of the severe oppression unleashed on them the farmers resorted to revolt.

The Bengali middle class supported the peasants whole-heartedly. Harish Chandra Mukhopadhyay thoroughly described the plight of the poor peasants in his newspaper The Hindu Patriot. However every such contribution was overshadowed by Dinabandhu Mitra, who gave a perfect account of the situation by writing a play named "Nildorpon", which rowed a huge controversy.

The revolt started from Nadia where Bishnucharan Biswas and Digambar Biswas first took up arms against the planters. It spread like wildfire in Murshidabad, Birbhum, Burdwan, Pabna, Khulna, Narail, etc. Indigo planters were put into public trial and executed. The indigo depots were burned down. Many planters fled to avoid being caught. The zamindars were also targets of the revolting peasants.

The revolt was ruthlessly suppressed. Large forces of police and military backed by the British Government and the zamindars mercilessly slaughtered a number of peasants. In spite of this the revolt was fairly popular, involving almost the whole of Bengal. The Biswas brothers of Nadia, Kader Molla of Pabna, Rafique Mondal of Malda were popular leaders. Even some of the zamindars supported the revolt, the most important of whom was Ramratan Mullick of Narail. The company is also facing competition from the Netherlands & France in International Market.

The historian Jogesh Chandra Bagal describes the revolt as a non-violentrevolution and gives this as a reason why the indigo revolt was a success compared to the Sepoy Revolt.R.C. Majumdarin "History of Bengal"[4]goes so far as to call it a forerunner of the non-violent passive resistance later successfully adopted by Gandhi. The revolt had a strong effect on the government, which immediately appoint the "Indigo Commission" in 1860.[5]In the commission report, E. W. L. Tower noted that "not a chest of Indigo reached England without being stained with human blood". Evidently it was a major triumph of the peasants to incite such emotion in the Europeans' minds even though the statement might have been an overstatement.

Dinabandhu Mitra's 1859 play Nil Darpan is based on the revolution. It was translated into English by Michael Madhusudan Dutta and published by Rev. James Long. It attracted much attention in England, where the people were stunned at the savagery of their countrymen. The British Government sent Rev. Long to a mock trial and punished him with imprisonment and fine. Kaliprasanna Sinha paid the fine for him.

The play is the first play to be staged commercially in the National Theatre in Kolkata.

• Sepoy Revolt
• History of Bengal
• Indigo plant

1. ^ Nildarpan (play by Mitra) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia
2. ^ Social Scientist. v 5, no. 60 (July 1977) p. 14.
3. ^ Social Scientist. v 5, no. 60 (July 1977) p. 14.
4. ^Majumdar, R. C. The Government in 1860 enacted the Indigo Act, according to which no planter could be forced to cultivate indigo against his will. The History of Bengal ISBN 81-7646-237-3
5. ^ Social Scientist. v 5, no. 60 (July 1977) p. 14.

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Sucheta Kriplani was the first woman Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in India.

She was Chief Minister of India from 1963 to 1967. She had a reputation of being a firm administrator. Her tenure was marked by a visible sense of fairness and transparency. The first-ever strike by the state employees which continued for 62 days took place during her regime. She relented only when the employees' leaders agreed for compromise.

Sucheta Kriplani was born as Sucheta Mazumdarin Ambala, Haryana. She received her education from Indraprastha College and St.Stephen's College, Delhi. She became a lecturer at the Banaras Hindu University. In 1936, she married socialist leader Acharya Kriplani. Sucheta Kriplani actively participated in Quit India Movement. She was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1952 and 1957 and served as a Minister of State for Small Scale Industries. In 1962, she was elected to the U.P Assembly from Kanpur and served in the Cabinet in 1962. She retired from politics in 1971 and died in 1974.

India is already on its way to becoming a developed country. However, certain things are still lacking. Although, today the government of India may claim to be an emerging super power but the reality is quite different from what the government of India or the media of India portray to the world.

India may have progressed on paper and on screen but do we see the progress on the streets of India? Don't we still see people living in poverty. There are millions of people still surviving in India on an income of less than one dollar a day. India can never be considered a developed country unless and until the poverty, hunger and pain of the poor on the streets and those living in the slums is curbed.

Lately the government of India has come up with several developmental plans and no doubt it has helped boost the economy of the Country in some ways. But the long term impact of these plans do not seem to serve the purpose, or what should be the purpose of any government, that is, prosperity of the common man. Investment is pouring in from within the Country and abroad, but the poor man is getting poorer. The Country may boast of an increase in international trade, an increased export revenue, but it can't boast of meeting the Millennium Development Goal of bringing down the number of poor on its soil!

In order to be considered a developed Country, India needs to focus on the common man. On the prosperity of the general public and on the living conditions that its residents have to face.

Use a great deal more energy in order to contribute more to global pollution and warming. A good way of doing this would be to industrialize the agriculture of India which would also have the added benefit of throwing 75 % of the population out of work so they could become criminals and drug addicts.

India is growing all the time and it is only a matter of time before it is a "developed nation". It's economy is one of the fastest growing in the world.

Taken from Wikipedia;

In the revised 2007 figures, based on increased and sustaining growth, more inflows into foreign direct investment, Goldman Sachs predicts that "from 2007 to 2020, India's GDP per capita in US$ terms will quadruple", and that the Indian economy will surpass the United States (in US$) by 2043.[6] Despite high growth rate, the report stated that India would continue to remain a low-income country for several decades but can be a "motor for the world economy" if it fulfills its growth potential.[6] Goldman Sachs has outlined 10 things that it needs to do in order to achieve its potential and grow 40 times by 2050. These are

1. improve governance

2. raise educational achievement

3. increase quality and quantity of universities

4. control inflation

5. introduce a credible fiscal policy

6. liberalize financial markets

7. increase trade with neighbours

8. increase agricultural productivity

9. improve infrastructure and

10. improve environmental quality.[48]

Some families esp people from rural ones have way more than 2 children.

2. Equality:

Abolish personal law for Muslims (What? A Muslim may have 2 wives but Hindu cant? Do Muslim's have more women?)

Reservation needed for backward classes, though for our own selfishness we don't support it. This upgrade the lower society living status.

3. Old people in politics:

This isn't china to be run by wizened old men. Unless that person has become PM or minister, he/she should not be allowed to contest in elections after 65. If he/she becomes 65 while in office that's OK

Educate people for higher studies. Educated youngster should take the responsibility to develop the nation by entering in politics.

first India has to do some basic programs. 1. restructuring infrastructures. 2 sanitation 3 basic network.

protect against terrorist activities and peace in all neighboring countries,protect against corruption in various government department and to reduce poverty,Youngster to give cabinet minister ship

1. Need to take steps in controlling population !!

   2. Not the educated people in politics, but we need good people.

Educated Youngsters should enter politics
India is already on its way to becoming a developed country. However, certain things are still lacking. Although, today the government of India may claim to be an emerging super power but the reality is quite different from what the government of India or the media of India portray to the world.

India may have progressed on paper and on screen but do we see the progress on the streets of India? Don't we still see people living in poverty. There are millions of people still surviving in India on an income of less than one dollar a day. India can never be considered a developed country unless and until the poverty, hunger and pain of the poor on the streets and those living in the slums is curbed.
I think that india should make population planning because we dont want our country to be second highest populated country and only seventh largest country in terms of area.

Even india should try to remove poverty completely

The caste system has so badly infested the country that inspite of best efforts of the government or the Reformist movements, India has not been able to come out of it.

It is a cheaper and more productive way to create a political win and social network for India.

Manu Rishi in fact, had only defined them as classes based on the occupations or professions and not castes as they are known now.

1. Hinduism doesn't have a code of conduct. The caste system makes Hinduism flexible. It give gives Hindus freedom, better quality of life, easy adaptability and yet eternal discipline.

2. The castes enable Hindus to interact with all sections of the society without losing their identity.

2. The castes are based on geography, natural resources and seasonal changes and the nature of human beings. It is not based on just human needs and thus on occupations. There are more than 2,000 castes and more than 20,000 sub castes.

This infinite subdivisions shouldn't be misinterpreted as disintegration of Hindu society but as fine tuning of needs, availabilities and capabilities.

3. Every caste is an equivalent of a religion. Thus, Hinduism is an umbrella of compatible religions. Because of this non homogeneous nature of Hinduism, it is not possible to damage the entire Hindu religion.

4. The caste system is like a social ladder with infinite rungs.

No fool

It is a fast developing country going to be one of the leading global SUPER powers in this decade as per the study and reports of World Bank and other UN Agencies

India has the potential to become a global economic super power by 2020, next to China as per reports of World Bank and other UN Agencies. The present growth rate of 6-6.5% is still a matter of envy to many western countries who are vying for capturing the vast middle class consumer market of India. Even the U.S. President sent his emissary to Indian Prime Minister to pursue his Government's allies to give consent to FDI in retail trade. The huge human resources of India,if properly utilized, can do miracle in accelerating the rate of growth to a cherished figure of 8.5-9.0%.

was the longest king, he ruled 45 years.

Top 10 Air forces During World War 2:

3-Germany

4-England

5-Japan

6-France

7-Subcontinent

8-Italy

9-China

10-Ottoman Empire.