What is the operational definitions of assembly line?
The operational definitions of assembly line includes the machinery and workers in a factory. These is part of the progressive production which assembles parts.
What is the water consumption of a coal gasification plant?
Well it depends on on the coal Gasification plant capacity i.e 1.3m 0r 1.8m
The difference is that of Coal Gas generation /produed.
Depend on the size of Boiler/Furance & various factor.
The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) in software engineering is a model of the maturity of the capability of certain business processes. A maturity model can be described as a structured collection of elements that describe certain aspects of maturity in an organization, and aids in the definition and understanding of an organization's processes.
What are the positive consequences of industrialization?
Although there were new hardships to face, for all but the poorest industrialisation brought cheaper goods, including washable cotton cloth and soap that helped to improve hygiene. The cities' water and sewage systems were gradually improved following public protest, and street cleaning and lighting were introduced.
During this period, farms had become bigger (mainly through mergers and the dispossession of defaulting tenants) and had entered into specialist mass production, producing more food than the local market could support. With the development of the rail system, food could now be transported faster, further and more efficiently, taking up this surplus. Improved farming methods and an increase in food imports led to the possibility of having a more varied diet. Mass produced canned goods were available from the 1860s and refrigeration from the 1870s.
There were more labour-saving devices and appliances, opening up the possibility of freeing women from the confines of the home or, at least, easing some of the toil of domestic servants. The role of housewives as the managers of the home meant that they had consumer power and thus determined which products succeeded and which failed. However, the growing expectation of having permanently immaculate houses brought new pressures.
The expansion of the railway made the seaside - already popular with the upper classes - more accessible and, increasingly, people could go on day-trip excursions, taking advantage of Sunday closing brought in by the 1850 Factory Act, special fares and the introduction of the Wakes week holiday. Many trips were paid for by employers who could see the economic benefits of improving their workers' health through exposure to clean sea air. Concerned about the social mixing and liberated hedonism of popular seaside destinations, wealthier individuals began looking at the prospect of holidays abroad, many enjoying the packages offered by Thomas Cook, a teetotaller of good moral standing.
Philanthropic businessmen, who had profited from the industrial growth, had an increasing sense of civic pride and duty, working with local authorities to establish public parks, museums, libraries and galleries for entertainment and education. Many believed that aiding mental improvement in their workers would create a stabilised society, a society that would be better for all to live in. Robert Owen from New Lanark, for example, provided musical instruction for all employees to enhance their mental capacity. Team games, such as football, were encouraged, that would develop the principles of obedience as well as promote healthy living and national identity.
Easier access to published written material - including local newspapers - encouraged the development of literacy and an interest in learning.
What is the meaning for system of interest?
"System of Interest (SOI): The system consisting of a MISSION SYSTEM and its SUPPORT SYSTEM(s) assigned to perform a specific organizational mission and accomplish performance-based objective(s) within a specified time frame."
e.g. "An airline's MISSION SYSTEM consists of the aircraft and crew with an objective to safely and comfortably transport passengers and cargo between cities. The aircraft's SUPPORT SYSTEM consists of baggage handlers, mechanics, facilities, ground support equipment (GSE), and others that function in their own MISSION SYSTEM roles to prepare the aircraft for a safe flight, replenish expendables and consumables, and load/unload
cargo and passenger luggage."
(ref. System Analysis, Design, and Development
Concepts, Principles, and Practices
Charles S. Wasson)
What is pulse width modulation generator?
A pulse width modulation generator regulates the on and off times of a square wave-form.
It is commonly used in dimmer-switches and utilizes high frequency.
Example of waveform:
555555555555555554444444422222222111111110000000000000000
This waveform is 50% on and 50% off. In a light-bulb this would mean that you only get approximately 50% of the light it can give you. It is dimmed down 50%.
By modulating this waveform, we can get more or less light whilst keeping frequency the same.
Example:
555555555555555555555444444444222222222111111111000000000000
As you can see, the frequency is the same, but it is more on than off.
In this example, it is 75% on and 25% off, giving you 75% of maximum light.
Another example:
555555555555544444444222222221111111100000000000000000000
Here we have only 25% on and 75% off, yet still keeping the frequency the same.
Dimmer-switches can be made in a few different ways.
We can chop off parts of the sinusoidal waveform we get from the AC outlet.
This would be the same as regulating the pulse width of the sinus curve of AC Voltage.
We can regulate the voltage. This could be an approach of a battery-operated lamp.
The problem is that voltage regulation mean a lot of heat. (depending on method used.)
If regulating a 12 volt source down to 6 volt in order to dim a light bulb, 6 volt will go to the bulb and 6 volt will "burn up" in the regulator circuitry. If the bulb is 50 watt, then 25 watt will burn in the bulb, and the rest will create heat in the circuitry.
Now for the art of Pulse Width Modulation.
We make a generator that vary the pulse width instead of the voltage.
At 50 Hertz, we will hear the bulb hiss and we might notice some flicker.
At 5 Kilo Hertz, we will hear the bulb sing at a high pitch but the flicker is all gone.
At 25 Kilo Hertz, we might hear a very high frequency sound, but for most this is not noticeable.
(It is actually possible to make a light regulator that utilizes the bulb as a speaker to play music.)
At 35 Kilo Hertz, all audible noise is gone (although your dog might notice it)
By regulating the pulse width at 35 Khz we can dim the light up and down very accurately using Power MosFets'
A Power Mosfet has got the ability to switch electricity on and off in a fraction of a second. It has got very low internal resistance and very little power is consumed as heat. (Frequencies of 100Khz is easily obtainable and is often utilized.)
Advantages of PulseWidth Modulation:
Low power-consumption (little heat)
Small circuitry needed.
Extended battery life. Dim down 50% and your battery last almost 50% longer.
Disadvantages:
As the voltage rise and fall extremely rapidly, this creates an electromagnetic pulse. These pulses might interfere with electrical equipment like radio and TV (Not limited by these)
(By introducing a coil, we can eliminate much of this radio-noise.)
It is "difficult" to make a proper working circuitry able to dim fluorescent light.
A pulse width modulator for DC as in a battery can be made using very few components.
2 OpAmp
a couple of resistors.
a couple of capacitors.
1 PowerMosFet
1 Variable resistor (for adjusting the pulse width)
1 zener diode (3,3-5,6 Volt)
Cheap to make and long lasting.
What is the melting loss of steel in an induction furnace?
There is hardly 1.5 to 2.0% loss in induction melting of steel but even it can be also avoided with the help of covering of crucibles. just open it at the time of charging only is the best practise to avoid oxidation & heat losses for Induction melting for steel.
What were some of the positive effects of industrialization?
Some positive effects include that Industrialization provides jobs, money, and advancement.
What are the function and purpose of rake angles?
Rake angle is usually used for cutting and machining processes. This can vary according to the materials being cut and set-up. The two types of rake angle are the back and side rake angle.
What is the purpose of resistance box?
it is used for prevention of over flow of current and for maintaining irrespective regulation
AnswerA resistance box is a piece of laboratory equipment consisting of an electrically-insulated box, containing a number of resistors which can be connected, externally, via a pair of terminals. The resistance can be adjusted in fixed amounts by inserting or removing metal pegs into a slotted bar; this arrangement either adds or removes the fixed resistors into the circuit.
Detailed explanation abt victaulic coupling?
The coupling takes hold of the pipes ends so coniderable axial tensile forces.
Easy and fast connection upto 5 times faster than welding
The pipes can cope with a non-alignment of 1-2.5 deg.
The couplings can withstand vibrations without a risk of leakage occurring
by
B.Ganesan
Enmas Andritz private Limited
Mail : ganesan.balraj@gmail.com
Why cryogenic fluid is superior to any other cooling fluid in powered equipments?
due to the high heat generation in powered equipments there is requirement of maintaining the properties of fluid at high temperature hence cryogenic material have better properties.
What lake near Las Vegas helps Hoover Dam generate electricity for some of those bright city lights?
The lake near Las Vegas that helps the Hoover Dam generate electricity for the city is Lake Mead. It is America's biggest reservoir.
Distinguish between op amp and differential amplifier?
Look up "op amp" on wikipedia, there is a good drawing near the bottom right. An op amp contains a differential amplifier as the first stage, but has multiple following stages that provide amplifier near ideal characteristics of high input resistance and low output resistance (it can drive more current than a single dif amplifier stage).
What is the Meaning of turn down ratio on a pressure transmitter?
This is a number that indicates what range the transmitter will work correctly. This will depend on how strong the transmitter is.
Where are hydraulic and pneumatic systems used?
Many, many places. Good examples of hydraulic systems include automotive brakes, and the control systems of large aircraft. Pneumatic systems include many types of tools found in an automotive repair shop. Both systems supply forces somewhere remote from where it is practical to locate large machinery. Hydraulics give high forces with low losses, thanks to the virtual incompressibility of hydraulic fluids. Pneumatics are usually less efficient, though simpler since the "resevoir" in the circuit is the atmosphere. That eliminates return piping and leakage problems.
A Piling mat is the base or road way which the piling rig will travel on. the design of the piling mat is required to resist the forces from the piling rig during travelling and piling. A piling matt should be constructed of suitable inert material (i.e. not tennis balls).
What is the mass of metal cast into a mold and ready for recasting?
A mass of metal cast into a mould is called either an ingot mould or a cold mould. the one that is ready for recasting is usually the ingot mould. A cold mould is one that has been cast on design that maintains its mould.
Function block diagram of the digital multimeter?
A digital multi meter is what is used to find electric current. A block diagram shows all of the working parts of the multi meter and how they are connected.
Why do cranes have a counterbalance?
so guys a counteralance is a stupid force yh like yh so bye peeps
Why should you calibrate an instrument?
The reason you are using said instrument is because it is accurate. But to be consistently accurate it must have parameters. It can't go beyond a certain measure. To keep it in this proximity, or within it's boundary, it must be re-evaluated every so often, to make sure it is the same as when it was first used as a comparison. Seriously, take a music appreciation course or something. Maintain quality control of the final product.
What is the main difference between micro controller and fpga?
micro controller is software and fpga is hardware
Which type of business is strong steel manufacturers?
A strong steel manufacturer would likely be a corporation.