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Macromolecules
Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller molecules joined together. The four main groups are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. They are essentially for proper cellular functioning.
755 Questions
Four macromolecules that are responsible for your body system?
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates are four macromolecules of our body. They have different role for each of them to run our life. In case of proteins, they build our body, immune system, and make functional molecules.
Foods eaten by animals are most often composed largely of macromolecules?
Yes, foods eaten by animals are composed of macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, which provide essential nutrients for growth and energy. These macromolecules are broken down during digestion into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the animal's body for various biological processes.
A carbohydrate, specifically a monosaccharide like glucose, fits this description. The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, with a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
In a cell which organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting macromolecules?
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and transporting macromolecules within the cell. It receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifies them, and then packages them into vesicles for transportation to their final destination within or outside the cell.
How do lipids found in butter differ from lipids in the cell membrane?
about 81 g of fat can be found in 100 g of butter. This contain about 50g of saturate fats, monounsaturated fats 20 g and the rest of good fats (poly unsaturated fats). In cell membrane there is no such complexity since they are all phospholipid bilayer with proteins that make up them.
Why are lipids not macromolecules?
Lipids are not considered macromolecules because they are typically smaller in size compared to true macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. While lipids play important roles in biological systems, they are generally composed of simpler structures such as fatty acids, glycerol, or sterols.
The process of copying the DNA molecule is called DNA?
replication. In this process, the two strands of the DNA molecule unwind and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This results in two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.
What is the difference between the target cell DNA and source DNA?
DNA is deoxyribo nucleic acid chains. If the DNA is taken from a source such as a micro organism or a plant is known as source DNA. Targe cells are where your construct is going to be transfected, target cells posses their own target cell DNA.
Does polymerization produce macromolecules?
yes polymerization yields them. amino acids polymerize to form proteins by peptide bond. Simple sugars such as glucose make glycogen or starch.
What separates DNA strands when DNA copies itself?
Topoisomerase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA during replication. It binds to the DNA, and separates the double strands and form a replication fork. After which the primer bind to the start site, and DNA polymerase starts DNA synthesis.
Are membrane macromolecules found in plant cells?
Yes plants and animal cell membranes are having macromolecules on them. They are mainly lipids and integral and peripheral proteins. The pattern of this is well explained as "fluid-mossaic model".
How is frog DNA different from human DNA?
All the DNA is chemically the same. It is the sequence pattern (the way A, T, G, C organized) would differ from one species to another. The DNA of bacteria from one species to other will differ tremendously if they are distantly related.
Which organelle packs and transport macromolecules?
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport within the cell or for secretion outside the cell.
Both strands of DNA serve as templates for DNA replication, with each strand being used to synthesize a new complementary strand. This process ensures that the genetic information is faithfully copied and transferred to the newly created DNA molecule.
What macromolecules are used for energy?
The human body has three macromolecule energy sources: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Carbohydrates are made up of many individual sugar units which are linked together in long chains. The chains can be straight, or they can be branched. Carbohydrates have the molecular formula C6nH(10n+2)O(5n+1) so they only contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Sugars are used for short to intermediate term storage of energy. That's why drinking a sugary drink can give you energy (a sugar rush) for a short time but then it wears off. The amount of energy in sugar is 4 kcal/g.Proteins are usually made of straight chains of linked peptide units. They provide long term energy storage. Proteins contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen with small amounts of sulfur with varying molecular formulas. That is why eating a steak will make you feel full for many hours. Proteins are also used to build up many of the structures in the human body so they are necessary to repair damaged tissue. The amount of energy in protein is 4 kcal/g, just like sugar.Fats are made of up clusters of fatty acids, long chains of repeating CH2 units so they are mostly made of just carbon and hydrogen. Fats are used for long term energy storage. Excess sugar and protein that is consumed by most animals are converted to fats to save the energy for later. The amount of energy in fat is very high, 9kcal/g.
What macromolecules is the horn of a rhinoceros made of?
It was common belief that rhinoceros horns were made of compressed hair, but that has been dispelled. Rhino horn is mostly keratin, and the core of it is made from dense mineral deposits of calcium and melanin.
These organelles are called lysosomes. They contain enzymes that break down various macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates into smaller molecules that can be used by the cell for energy or building new structures. Lysosomes help maintain cellular homeostasis by recycling cellular waste and removing damaged organelles.
What macromolecules are in a peanut butter and jelly sandwhich on wheat bread?
A peanut butter and jelly sandwich on wheat bread contains carbohydrates from the bread, sugar from the jelly, and proteins and fats from the peanut butter. These macromolecules provide energy and nutrients to the body.
Which macromolecule contains the most energy?
Lipids store more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins.
What atom is unique to protein macromolecule?
Well, if you cut the protein with a sagittal cut then you release a high amount of oxygen and hydrogen. When you have other macromolecules and cut them with a coronal cut, then you have a pH of 7. After looking deeper in the protein you find that the only element protein has is Nitrogen.
What part of the DNA molecules is the DNA named after?
The 'nucleic acid' part comes from early observations1(869) that there was a weakly acidic product in extracts of the nucleus from cells in wound pus. At this time, it was never suspected that DNA would contain the genetic information of the cell (it was assumed that proteins would do that).
'Deoxyribo' means 'Deoxy-ribose', since all nucleotides (the units that make up a DNA/RNA strand) contain a ribose sugar, which attaches to the base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine or uracil) and to a phosphate group. In DNA, the ribose sugar is missing an oxygen from a hydroxyl group (on carbon 2), giving it its name deoxyribonucleic acid.
The approximate dose of radiation required to produce a measurable physical change in a macromolecule varies depending on the type of radiation and the specific macromolecule. However, it typically ranges from 10 to 100 Gy (Gray), with higher doses causing more pronounced changes in the macromolecule's structure.
The first macromolecules on Earth were?
proteins are conscidered to be the first macromolecules on the primitive earth and are called as protoproteins.They were formed by the random polymerisation of simple aminoacids using the thermal energy of our mother earth during her eary stage of development.we know complex nucleotides were formed evenafter the formation of these protoproteins which trigered the formation of other protoproteins by their enzymatic activity.Eventually other macromolecules such as nuclic acids were formed wth the greate contribution of this enzymatic proteins.
How are enzymes related to macromolecules and chemical reactions?
Enzymes are biological macromolecules that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are often proteins that bind to specific substrates and help convert them into products.
