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Engineering
Engineering is an art and profession devoted to designing, constructing, and operating the structures, machines, and other devices of industry and everyday life.
5,839 Questions
The limitation of Error Backpropagation Algorithm and its Application?
The gradient descent algorithm is generally very slow because it requires small learning rates for stable learning. The momentum variation is usually faster than simple gradient descent, because it allows higher learning rates while maintaining stability, but it is still too slow for many practical applications. These two methods are normally used only when incremental training is desired. You would normally use Levenberg-Marquardt training for small and medium size networks, if you have enough memory available. If memory is a problem, then there are a variety of other fast algorithms available. For large networks you will probably want to use trainscg or trainrp.
Multilayered networks are capable of performing just about any linear or nonlinear computation, and can approximate any reasonable function arbitrarily well. Such networks overcome the problems associated with the perceptron and linear networks. However, while the network being trained might theoretically be capable of performing correctly, backpropagation and its variations might not always find a solution
Define tender and types of tender?
There are three types of tendering methods used in construction industry!
1. Open Tendering
2. Selective Tendering
3. Negotiated Tendering.
Open tender is an arrangement where an advertisement in local newspapers or trade journals invites contractors to apply for tender documents.
A deposit is usually required to ensure that only serious offers are made;
Presumably it is needed to cover the cost of copying the documents. Local authorities have been advised against open tendering because it often leads to excessive tender lists where the cost of abortive tendering is considerable. There are instances of selection criteria being applied after the tender has been submitted, so a bid could be rejected if a contractor does not belong to an approved trade association.
Advantages of Open Tender
The main advantage of such tendering is as follow:
- Give high level of competition and contractors tend to give best prices as compare to other tendering method
- There is no list of restrictive tenderer, which does not allow favoritism
- It is very transparent process which ensures that only the contractor with the best price and meeting all the technical requirements will win the tender.
- This process is usually manage by procurement board where its staff are trained for such exercises and board ensure that all the procedures involved in tender are followed.
Disadvantages of Open Tender
The low price usually detriment of quality and often result in the client obtaining poor quality job and late completion of work.
Given that its open tender and thus there are no restrictions on the number of contractor who can bid and become bulky and lengthy job for tender analyses which often result in delays and high cost.
Selective tender: Selective tendering consists of drawing up a list of chosen firms and asking them to tender. It is by far the most common arrangement because it allows price to be the deciding criterion; all other selection factors will have been dealt with at the pre-qualification stage. There are three ways in which selective tendering lists are drawn up:
- An advertisement may produce several interested contractors and suitable Firms are selected to tender.
- The consultants may contact those they would wish to put on an ad-hoc list.
- Many local authorities and national bodies keep approved lists of contractors in certain categories, such as work type and cost range. Contractors who ask to be included on select lists of tenderer are usually asked to provide information about their financial and technical performance, particularly about the type of work under consideration. The National Joint Consultative Committee for Building (NJCC) has written the 'Standard form of tendering questionnaire - private edition' so contractors can prepare answers to relevant questions in advance. The questions mainly deal with projects carried out during the previous three years. Once the form has been completed, it can be used for specific projects or for those compiling lists of selected contractors.
Ngotiated Tender :under this method normally one contractor is approached and such tender mainly used for specialist work such as lift system or airport project at big level, in such case there are limited number of contractor who do such work in the market .it is based on one-to-one discussion with contractors to negotiated the terms of contract
What is the ideal size of a management team?
I do not believe there is an ideal size. It depends on the organization, its culture, its industry, or whether the team is being built for a short-term or long-term purpose or project. One thing is certain; more is not better. I personally would not want more than six members of a team, but then again it depends on the purpose. There is enough problems dealing with smaller teams without having to deal with the larger ones. I believe the more important issue is how the team is developed. In other words, I believe the team should be a group of individuals all with an expertise of their own, multi-leveled, multi-cultural (in terms of organizational culture), and cross-functional. In this way all levels of the organization and organizational sub-cultures will be represented and have an input in the decision making process. The team leader is key in the development of establishing team continuity, cohesiveness, common purpose, common cause, where it is about organizational interest rather than individual interest.
Is there a engine diagram for a Honda Civic 1.6 liter engine?
A wiring diagram for a Honda Civic can be found in an after-market repair manual or in an official Honda EWD (Electrical Wiring Diagram) manual.
The former can be found in most auto parts stores, and the latter is found at most Honda dealerships.
Mechanical diagrams can also be found in after-market repair manuals.
How do you troubleshoot sdh alarms?
to its simplest form, MS and RS alarams pertain to physical level problem while AU, TU, VC are paths.
Here is its truth-table:
A B A and B
F F F
F T F
T F F
T T T
How do you design non-circular gears?
Software is available to design non-circular gears such as "Gearify" and "Gearotic"
Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?
A crosshead screwdriver or scocket set with a crosshead screw driver bit attached. Screwdrivers routinely used are Pozidriv and Phillips
What are two types of readouts or displays for instruments and dials?
Analogue moving coil and digital gauges
When is R-22 scheduled to stop production in the United States?
At the very start of 2010 no more r-22 can be manufactured or imported.
Where did the term 5 x 5 in communications come from?
According to: http://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/17/messages/380.html
The term five by five refers to the two measures of signal strength and readability; it is derived from older HAM radio instruments that were scaled from zero to 10 with 10 being the strongest. A five by five would be interpreted as 50 percent signal strength and easily readable, perhaps with some static or band clutter. A 10 by two would have a strong signal, but be broken and hard to understand, while a two by 10 would contain a weak signal, but be perfectly clear. A 10 by 10 would be very strong and crystal clear.
How do you build an iorn man sute?
you use space converters, if you need to know how to build one ask me at school.
