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Fascism

Fascism is a variant of extreme corporatist nationalism headed by an authoritarian leadership and is usually classified as a far-right political theory. It originated in Italy under Mussolini and Hitlers Nazism is a variant of Fascism. Fascist movements shared certain common features, including the veneration of the state, a devotion to a strong leader, and an emphasis on ultranationalism and militarism. Fascism views political violence, war, and imperialism positively and it asserts that stronger nations have the right to expand their territory by displacing weaker nations since the national race was in perpetual conflict with other nations and races.

1,002 Questions

Was Mussolini in Italy anf Hitler in Germany support by fascism World War 2?

Yes, the Italian Fascists of Italy support Benito Mussolini and the Nazis supported and worshiped Adolf Hitler, one of the worst Fascists and Dictators who ever lived. Stalin was the absolute worst though.

What did the Nazis believe about the Germans and the Jews?

The Nazis believed many, often contradictory, things about the Jews.

One of the Nazis' favourite themes was that the Jews and the Germans were locked in some mysterious struggle for domination of Germany, Europe, even the world!

Main opposition party to the Nazis?

Until March 1933 the Social Democrats (SPD) and the Communists (KPD). There were banned in March 1933, and in May 1933 the Nazis became the sole political party in Germany. Some of the parties in the political centre were also opposed but co-operated with the Nazis when things got really difficult ...

Wilhelm Kempff collaborate with the Nazis?

Wilhelm Kempff was almost certainly not a Nazi collaborator. He played for party members and supported the party to further his own career but in no way does that mean he collaborated. Indeed, he translated and performed several pieces by Schubert who, at the time, was very much out of favour in Germany as he was a Jew.

What is the meaning of the Italian Fascist slogan 1789 is dead?

1789 was the beginning of the French Revolution, in which France went through radical developments, a large part of which was the Enlightenment, an intellectual movement in which reason and rationalism was advocated.

Fascism rejects the Enlightenment and its ideals, being anti-rationalist. Thus the slogan "1789 is dead".

Was Edvard Munch a Nazi sympathizer?

The Nazis confiscated many of Munch's works as 'degenerate', so they did not love each other.

Who were nazi allies?

The opponents of "The Allied Powers" in the Second World War were known as "The Axis Powers". They were * Major Axis powers * Germany * Japan * Italy * Minor powers * Hungary * Romania * Bulgaria * Yugoslavia * Co-belligerents * Finland * Iraq * Thailand

Did Nazis occupy Peru?

No country in the Americas was occupied by the Nazis.

What was German name for the Nazis?

In German the full version was Nationalsozialisten.

What is the Nazi invasion of Poland?

It is the military invasion on Poland by the Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939, which ended in German's occupation of Poland till 1945.

What was useless to the German Nazis?

A NAZI spy who preferred waiting on tables to his half-hearted attempts at espionage sent back "entirely worthless" information from wartime Britain.MI5 files revealed yesterday German Intelligence complained that bungling Werner Strebel, 42, was only interested in cash to fund a cushy lifestyle.

He was sent to London just before war broke out with a cover as a foreign correspondent and stock ADVERTISEMENT of secret ink, to spy on the RAF station in Dunstable, Bedfordshire. But he sent back only three secret "quite useless" messages, after complaining he could not get near the base because of the sentries.

Swiss-born Strebel was hired by Heinrich von Wenzlau, of the Abwehr (German military intelligence) despite being told his new recruit's only qualifications for cloak and dagger work were an appetite for "good food, good drink and easy living".

For £7 or £8 a week, he agreed to go behind enemy lines - to the Luton area - and send back secret messages written in invisible ink with a toothpick. However, a dire warning composed in September of a huge air attack on a German chemical works "within days" did not actually reach Berlin until two months later. Despite his failure he was sent back to Britain in March 1940 by his bosses, who never heard anything from him again. Apparently rather than infiltrate the higher reaches of Allied Command, he was working as a restaurant waiter in London.

Strebel was tasked with finding out everything about the RAF station at Dunstable, including its exact location, size, the length of the runway, how many airmen were based there, how it was illuminated at night and whether it was used for fighter or bomber planes.

But he apparently sent back only three secret messages, all of which were considered "quite useless" by Nazi spy chiefs.

--Mark Branagan--

Why do you think we learn about violent events in history like the nazi movement?

We learn about violent events in history's because it is important to us what happened in the past that we still remember.

What were the successes and failures of Fascism in Nazi Germany?

Political Successes:

  • Platform appealed to and unified the people:
    • Repudiation of Versailles; remilitarization
    • Blame of misfortunes on Jews and Bolsheviks
    • Democracy was bad and offered change
    • Lebensraum
    • Social Darwinism
    • Right to self-determination
  • Successful in legally obtaining power through democratic means; was successful in rising up in the Nazi Party; his party gained votes and gained the chancellorship
  • Reichstag Fire was used to ban political parties
  • Enabling Act was passed, giving Hitler dictatorial powers
  • Night of the Long Knives was a successful purge of the SA (and any potential opposition to Hitler's rule)
  • Army swore allegiance to Hitler personally through the Fuhrer Oath
  • Remilitarized the country and created alliances without punishment
  • Successfully misled and manipulated Britain and France into thinking that his demands would eventually be satisfied (ie - Munich Conference)
  • Took over many countries, some without much opposition - Austrian Anschluss and Czechoslovakia
  • Made a treaty with the Soviets to prevent a two-front war (Nazi-Soviet Pact)
  • Blitzkrieg attacks worked against most countries in Europe, including Poland, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France

Political Failures:

  • Beer Hall Putsch failed
  • Underestimated his enemies because he thought they would continue to appease him when he invaded Poland. The military wasn't ready for war
  • Made an alliance with Italy (Pact of Steel) and then had to support Italy during much of the war because their army was so weak
  • Allowed the evacuation of Dunkirk to take place
  • Bombing of London (Blitz) raised their people's moral; it was supposed to lower it. He also stopped the Blitz when Britain was nearly exhausted of all air power
  • Invaded the USSR and the offensive against Russia created a second front and drew resources from the West
  • Declared war on the US after Pearl Harbor, honoring his commitment in the Anti-Comintern Pact
  • Hitler believed that the landing in Normandy was a diversionary attack and that it would really happen at Pas-de-Calais
  • Germany was defeated and fascism failed by the end of WWII

Economic Successes:

  • Pulled the economy out of the depression and unemployment problems through the Four-Year Plan - public works programs and remilitarization, grants, and loans
  • Brought strength to the military and jobs to the people by ignoring the Versailles Treaty
  • Aryanization - the takeover of Jewish businesses was successful. By 1938 75-80% of Jewish businesses were taken over. This also led to more job opportunities for Aryans

Economic Failures:

  • Didn't change to a full wartime economy until 1942
  • Had no government group coordinating the economy until 1942
  • Wasted a lot of money and resources to exterminate the Jews

Social Successes:

  • He was successful in unifying Germany - rallies, speeches, propaganda; gave the people a hope for a better future, nationalism
  • Gleischaltung policy was successful in consolidating power by putting all parts of German society - government, press, education, trade unions, etc. - under the Nazi umbrella and instilled them with their aims/ideology
    • Successful in indoctrinating the youth with Nazi values - Hitler Youth
    • Put all labor unions under the Nazi Labor Front
  • Carefully took away the rights of Jewish people and made all society subservient to him so that there would be little resistance
  • Creating terror
    • SA, SS, Gestapo
    • Aryanization
    • Holocaust/Concentration camps (after chancellorship)
  • Book burnings got rid of opposing ideas

Social Failures:

  • Goal of obtaining Lebensraum was not achieved
  • Goal of exterminating the Jews was not completely fulfilled
  • Policies to create a "pure" German society weren't fulfilled
  • Goal of increasing births of Aryans was ultimately not met

Were there Mormons in Nazi germany?

Yes there were. Check out the "Related Links" below to hear a true story about a teenage Mormon boy living in Nazi Germany.

What were the key characteristics that defined Hitler's regime as a Fascist political system?

Nationalism is the belief that your nation or ethnic group is superior to others. Taken to an extreme this belief becomes fascism. Fascists believe their national culture should dominate others. The individual becomes less significant. The 'state' is regarded much as a living being that fights, grows, develops. One definition of liberalism is that it believes the rights of the individual are paramount over all other rights. Taken to an extreme this can turn into communism, which is basically the belief that there should be no national state, no ownership of property, no religion to moralize. The individual reigns supreme. All nations are nationistic to some extent and all have at least some belief in individual rights. Fascist Germany was not particularly unique in its nationalist beliefs. Certainly Napoleon France, Colonial England, Manifest Destiny USA and many others have had similar national feeling. BTW, the origin of 'fascist' is from the Latin (Roman times). The term was used to describe a group of sticks tied together that were carried about as a symbol of Roman military and political might. You will often see this symbol used in paintings and statues of famous political persons in all cultures including the USA.

============================================================ You can be sure that a Nations political system(Government) is Fascist or well on it's way to Fascism by observing the following 14 Characteristics:

1. Powerful and Continuing Nationalism - Fascist regimes tend to make constant use of patriotic mottos, slogans, symbols, songs, and other paraphernalia. Flags are seen everywhere, as are flag symbols on clothing and in public displays.

2. Disdain for the Recognition of Human Rights - Because of fear of enemies and the need for security, the people in fascist regimes are persuaded that human rights can be ignored in certain cases because of "NEED." The people tend to look the other way or even approve of torture, summary executions, assassinations, long incarcerations of prisoners, etc.

; ; 3. Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause - The people are rallied into a unifying patriotic frenzy over the need to eliminate a perceived common threat or foe: racial , ethnic or religious minorities; liberals; communists; socialists, terrorists, etc. ; ; 4. Supremacy of the Military - Even when there are widespread ; domestic problems, the military is given a disproportionate amount of government funding, and the domestic agenda is neglected. Soldiers and military service are glamorized. ; ; 5. Rampant Sexism - The governments of fascist nations tend to be almost exclusively male-dominated. Under fascist regimes, traditional gender roles are made more rigid. Divorce, abortion and homosexuality are suppressed and the state is represented as the ultimate guardian of the family institution. ; ; 6. Controlled Mass Media - Sometimes the media is directly controlled by the government, but in other cases, the media is indirectly controlled by government regulation, or sympathetic media spokespeople and executives. Censorship, especially in war time, is very common. ; ; 7. Obsession with National Security - Fear is used as a motivational tool by the government over the masses. ; ; 8. Religion and Government are Intertwined - Governments in fascist nations tend to use the most common religion in the nation as a tool to manipulate public opinion. Religious rhetoric and terminology is common from government leaders, even when the major tenets of the religion are diametrically opposed to the government's policies or actions. ; ; 9. Corporate Power is Protected - The industrial and business aristocracy of a fascist nation often are the ones who put the government leaders into power, creating a mutually beneficial business/government relationship and power elite. ; ; 10. Labor Power is Suppressed - Because the organizing power of labor is the only real threat to a fascist government, labor unions are either eliminated entirely, or are severely suppressed. ; ; 11. Disdain for Intellectuals and the Arts - Fascist nations tend to promote and tolerate open hostility to higher education, and academia. It is not uncommon for professors and other academics to be censored or even arrested. Free expression in the arts and letters is openly attacked. ; ; 12. Obsession with Crime and Punishment - Under fascist regimes, the police are given almost limitless power to enforce laws. The people are often willing to overlook police abuses and even fore go civil liberties in the name of patriotism. There is often a national police force with virtually unlimited power in fascist nations. ; ; 13. Rampant Cronyism and Corruption - Fascist regimes almost always are governed by groups of friends and associates who appoint each other to government positions and use governmental power and authority to protect their friends from accountability. It is not uncommon in fascist regimes for national resources and even treasures to be appropriated or even outright stolen by government leaders. ; ; 14. Fraudulent Elections - Sometimes elections in Fascist nations are a complete sham. Other times elections are manipulated by smear campaigns against or even assassination of opposition candidates, use of legislation to control voting numbers or political district boundaries, and manipulation of the media. Fascist nations also typically use their Judiciaries to manipulate or control elections. If you live in America?,... all the above mentioned characteristics should have you alarmed.

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What was a bigger threat to Britain in the 1930's fascism or communism?

Communism. This is one reason Britain appeased Germany in the 1930s. Britain would have preferred fascism over communism.

Why did the Nazis think Kristallnacht was necessary?

The purpose was to bully Jews still in Germany (and Austria) into leaving the country. At that stage forcing the Jews out was the preferred option.

What were the Nazis ghettos?

In Poland, Lithuania and some other areas they Jews were put into ghettos while the Nazis decided what to do with them.

The ghettos were walled or fenced-in districts where Jews were forced to live under Nazi rule. The Jews in the ghettos were completely dependent on the Nazis for food, water and medication. The living conditions were appalling, and many died of starvation and disease. These communities were hopelessly overcrowded, as the Nazis kept on sending more and more Jews from surrounding areas into the ghettos. From early December 1941 on the Nazis sent Jews from the ghettos to extermination camps.

There were over 500 ghettos scattered across Eastern Europe.

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Ghetto is a very old word, going back to about 1600, for neighborhoods which were reserved for Jews. Depending on the time and place, and your point of view, you could say a ghetto was a place Jews were allowed to live or were forced to live. (In some parts of Europe, Jews were required by law to reside in a ghetto until about 1800, but they were opened by Napoleon).

In World War II the Nazi restrictions on Jews were very severe. Jews were forced into ghettos and not allowed to leave, at all, for any purpose, except to be taken out and killed.

Life in the ghettos was dehumanizing, to say the least. The living restrictions were arduous, people lived in overcrowded conditions, residents were forced to do hard labor, and many people were subjected to beatings and other cruel attrocities. In order to survive residents frequently engaged in so-called illegal activities, such as smuggling food, medicine, weapons and information across the ghetto walls.

From November 1939 on the Nazis established ghettos, mainly in Eastern Europe - especially in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine and Belarus.

Nazi ghettos during the Holocaust were separated from surrounding areas by fences, walls and guards. Conditions within these ghettos were harsh from the outset and deteriorated further ...

Those who lived in these districts were forbidden to leave. The Jews in the Nazi ghettos were completely (or almost completely) dependent on the Germans for food, water, fuel and other essentials, and the amounts allowed in were grossly inadequate. In some ghettos, the inhabitants were able to establish small workshops. They had to smuggle in the raw materials and then smuggle out the finished products, which they bartered for food and further raw materials ...

Every ghetto had a Nazi-nominated 'Jewish Council' or Judenrat which had to police it and distribute food. The initial attraction of this arrangement to Jews was that it was better than having the SS police the ghettos. However, it usually turned the Jewish Council into unwilling collaborators. Ultimately, the SS ordered the Jewish Councils to name people for deportation to extermination camps.

Living conditions in the ghettos were atrocious. There was insufficient food and usually no medication. The ghettos were hopelessly overcrowded and fatal diseases were widespread. The dead were piled on the curbs and street corners to be buried in mass graves. Many went without proper clothing, food, or shelter. When the bodies were buried, the Nazis then dumped more Jews from other places in the ghettos.

These ghettos were another way for the Germans to control of Jews when they didn't have the space for them in camps or the means to transport them. The ghettos were basically 'holding areas' for the Jews. These ghettos were then 'liquidated', starting in late 1941: this meant that the remaining Jews were shipped off to camps for extermination.

In April 1943 some of the Jews still in the Warsaw Ghetto organized and armed themselves to fight the Germans and there was a uprising, which the Germans easily put down. There were also uprisings in the Vilnius and Bialystock ghettos.

Well known, major Nazi ghettos included those in:

  • Warsaw
  • Lodz
  • Bialystock
  • Krakow
  • Lemberg (Lvov, Lviv)
  • Vilnius

The ghetto in Sighet, Transylvania is well known because Elie Wiesel lived there.

What nation claimed that it was the true victor of the war against fascism?

Joseph Stalin let the world know that it was the Soviet Union that had defeated the greatest fascist power, Nazi Germany, that was the real end of World War Two. It's clear that, however, Japan would be forced to surrender, it was Hitler that caused the war and the Soviet Union ended the war.Stalin pointed out various figures and statistics that proved to himself at least, that the USSR had saved the world from fascism. The 1939 German-Soviet Non-aggression pact was overlooked of course.