Forensic Science

The creator of forensic chemistry is considered James Marsh who prepared in 1836 an arsenic test.

Forensic scientists are not within a specific field. They come from a variety of educational backgrounds and fields. In other words, forensic accounting, or psychology, chemistry, physics, biology, computer science etc.

Normally Latex but made also with nitrile rubber or vinyl for people with allergies they are the same gloves used by the medical profession and others

also many people use them in the home for cooking and cleaning

Forensic Scientists have a differ in salary comprehensions. They get paid due to State conditions and normally get paid $60,000 - $80,000 annually in Australia.

Any job in the medical field (includes dentist, doctor, orthodontist, anasteziologist, etc.)

Anthropologists examine, analyze, report on, and compare different cultures and how they grow, develop, and interact. How people live offers insights into modern life and how significantly (or, more often, how little) we have changed and how similar we are in our basic systems of interaction. Anthropologists can travel to exotic lands and spend time in primitive conditions or work in developed countries, such as the United States, comparing regional concerns. Cultural anthropologists may compare the culture of the medical world to that of the financial world, or the culture of professional athletes to that of legal professionals. Some anthropologists take a cross-disciplinary approach to the field, studying linguistics, chemistry, nutrition, or behavioral science, and apply the methodologies of those disciplines to their study of culture. Qualities that encourage success in this field include a nonjudgmental, inquisitive mind; patience; and the ability to make inferences from incomplete information. Unlike in other sciences in which significant funding and sizable research teams are usually necessary, an individual can make discoveries while working alone. Most anthropologists are employed by universities; they teach and review others� work to earn their daily bread. It is rare for an anthropologist to spend more than 15 percent of his or her career outside the university setting. An anthropologist spends a lot of time writing, editing, doing fieldwork, teaching, consulting with other professionals, and producing papers for professional journals. Anthropological research relies on the funding decisions of the federal government, universities, and foundations, the three major and nearly exclusive employers in the field. �Don�t go into this profession unless you�ve got the stomach to play politics,� warned one professor. �It never gets any easier, and it never gets any better.� The immediate return on an investment in anthropology is impossible to quantify, and therefore, hard to justify as a spending item. Anthropology is a competitive field, and those who wish to succeed in it must find creative ways of having their skills recognized. Successful anthropologists quickly learn successful grant-writing skills, find areas of unexplored anthropological concern, and publish articles, essays, and books as early and as often as they can.

A cut along the transverse plane= transverse or cross section.

*(If cut at an angle= oblique section).

An example is the analysis of a poison in a corpse.

It depends on where the scientist works and the level of his of her expertise. Generally, a research scientist can earn from $30,000 to well over $90,000. The average salary for an entomologist who works for the federal government is approximately $74,000 per year.

Three factors that can prevent a firearm examiner from obtaining a perfect match of striation markings on two bullets include: 1) Variability in the manufacturing process of the firearm or bullet, which can introduce minor differences in striation patterns; 2) Wear and tear on the firearm's barrel, which can alter the unique markings it imparts on bullets over time; and 3) Differences in the conditions under which the bullets were fired, such as variations in ammunition type, barrel cleanliness, or shooting techniques, which can affect the final striation characteristics.

As of the latest information, the average cost for an undergraduate degree in forensic science at Auburn University is approximately $30,000 to $40,000 per year for out-of-state students, while in-state students may pay around $10,000 to $15,000 annually. This total includes tuition, fees, and living expenses. It's important to check Auburn University's official website or contact their admissions office for the most up-to-date figures and additional costs related to the program.

Non-coding DNA, which makes up a significant portion of the genome, does not code for proteins but plays crucial roles in regulating gene expression, maintaining chromosome structure, and ensuring proper cellular function. It includes elements such as promoters, enhancers, and silencers that influence when and how genes are activated. Additionally, non-coding RNA molecules, like microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are involved in various cellular processes, including gene regulation and RNA processing. Overall, non-coding DNA is essential for the complexity and regulation of biological systems.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics the estimated mean annual wage for registered nurses as of May 2008 is, $65,130. This would amount to $31.31 per hour. Median annual wages of registered nurses were $62,450 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $51,640 and $76,570. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $43,410, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $92,240.

No

fingerprints are found here

They are called odontologists, and they help identify a victim by their teeth when the victim is left at an unidentifiable state.

Vittorio Siracusa

In ideal circumstances, authorities could identify who it is and learn when the person was born. But, most discoveries of dead bodies lead to more questions about identity and age, unless the person died at home, in a hospital, or institution.

In unidentified bodies or badly decomposed remains, forensic scientists and anthropologists use the bones to roughly determine age. For example, from birth on the skull has several open lines or sutures in the bone. After the early 20s, these lines "close" as bone continues to form in those areas. By old age, the edges of these sutures are less pronounced than in younger years; imagine a charcoal drawing of two uneven lines that you "fill in" with more charcoal, then "smudge" the edges so the "lines" are no longer the most prominent feature in the area, yet you still can recognize it as a skull suture.

As well, the long bones have growth plates during infancy and childhood through the teenage years. But once growth has stopped, the appearance of the growth plates change. The ends of the long bones have visible changes during adulthood.

The elderly often have osteoporosis, or "brittle bones". Calcium is pulled from the teeth and bones because of illness, lack of sunshine, improper diet, etc. So a body that shows porous bones would likely be over the age of 50 years old.

To determine sex and age, the pelvis is of vital importance. In women of childbearing age who have had children, the pelvis is wider, broader, and the back part shows flattening. A male's pelvis is more narrow, less broad, and has no flattening within the pelvic bone.

In addition, height can determine whether a body is more likely male vs. female, since few females would stand over 6-feet tall. However, in a corpse that would measure 5' to 5'8", other clues would be more important to determine sex (see above).

When a person dies but was NOT in the presence of a physician (i.e. in a hospital), the coroner must do an autopsy. If circumstances are suspicious, it would also be a forensic autopsy. In both types of autopsy, the coroner inspects the skin, underlying tissues, muscles, heart and organs, as well as the eyes and brain. in some instances, cause of death (cod) is obvious -- for example, gunshot, strangling, beating. Tissue and blood samples are taken to test for common problems that could lead to death, especially when the cause of death is not obvious. The tests performed often take days, weeks, or months to process and can reveal a variety of known drugs, drug combinations, or other toxins such as poisons.

An untraceable cause of death is typically from a drug or poison that "leaves no traces" or the drug has a short half life and its traces are gone quickly. However, forensic science makes advances every year in creating new tests to find uncommon causes of death, and to identify what may currently be "unidentifiable" or an "undetermined" cause of death. There are very, very few "weapons" that cannot be easily traced nowadays.

During an autopsy, the skin covering the head is pulled down frontally exposing the bone. A section of bone is removed allowing access to the brain for examination, part of which requires extraction.

Automated Fingerprints Identification System

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