History of Science

Polonium was discovered by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie in 1898.
Radium was discovered by Marie Curie, Pierre Curie and G. Bemont also in 1898.
They are two natural elements, metals, extremely radioactive.

You always have your own gravitational pull, but it's not big enough to really do anything on Earth. Being overweight wouldn't help either- Earth's gravity is far too great and yours would be far too small.

Sources: Got fat trying to make my belly a tractor beam. 120 pounds later, a huge disappointment.

Some of the instruments that can be used in earth science include wind vanes, thermometers and barometers. The barometers measure the pressure in the atmosphere, a crucial part of the earth's sphere.

Animals with backbones are classified as vertebrates. Vertebrates include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. They are characterized by having a spinal column or backbone to which the skull and limbs are articulated.

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The scale of star brightness is the 'magnitude'. The definition of the magnitude is: A change of six magnitudes equals a factor of 100. So one magnitude change is a factor equal to the 6th root of 100 = about 2.15443 (rounded)

cork slice under a microscope in 1665. He named them "cells" due to their resemblance to small rooms or monk cells. This discovery laid the foundation for the field of cytology.

A magnet can be made by exposing certain materials, like iron or steel, to a magnetic field. This aligns the magnetic domains within the material, creating a permanent magnet. Another method is by wrapping a wire around a ferromagnetic material and running an electric current through the wire to produce an electromagnet.

Ferns reproduce by producing spores through sporangia, while mosses reproduce by releasing spores from capsules at the tips of stalks called sporophytes. Spores from both ferns and mosses are dispersed by wind and water to colonize new areas and germinate into new plants.

The most basic elements of the universe are believed to be subatomic particles, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. These particles combine to form atoms, which in turn make up all matter in the universe. Other fundamental components include forces like gravity and electromagnetism, as well as energy.

Latitude affects climate by influencing the amount of sunlight an area receives. Areas near the equator receive more direct sunlight and therefore tend to be warmer, while areas closer to the poles receive less direct sunlight and tend to be colder. This relationship between latitude and incoming solar radiation plays a significant role in determining the climate of a region.

True. Isaac Newton is famously said to have discovered the concept of gravity when he observed an apple falling from a tree, which led to his formulation of the law of universal gravitation.

Koch tested his hypothesis by isolating bacteria from the blood of animals that died from anthrax, then injecting the bacteria into healthy animals to see if they developed anthrax. He also purified the bacteria and showed that it caused anthrax when injected into animals, fulfilling Koch's postulates to demonstrate that the bacteria was the cause of anthrax.

In the Calvin-Benson cycle, also known as the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is fixed and converted into sugars using energy from ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions. This process involves a series of enzymatic reactions that ultimately produce glucose, the primary product of photosynthesis, and regenerate the molecules needed to continue the cycle.

William Herschel's discoveries, such as the discovery of the planet Uranus in 1781, challenged existing astronomical beliefs and expanded humanity's understanding of the universe. His work on the nature of nebulae also contributed to the development of the modern understanding of galaxies. Herschel's findings helped pave the way for future advancements in astronomy and the study of celestial bodies.

A cricket ball is heavier and harder than a tennis ball, designed for the sport of cricket which requires more durability and bounce. Tennis balls are lighter and designed for tennis, with a softer texture that makes them easier to hit and handle.

Marie Curie, along with her husband Pierre Curie, discovered radium and polonium in 1898. It took them several years of dedicated research and experiments to isolate and characterize these new elements.

Cosmic rays can be found throughout the universe, including in space and on Earth. They originate from sources such as supernovae, black holes, pulsars, and other high-energy cosmic events. They constantly bombard Earth's atmosphere, but can also be detected in space by satellites and telescopes.

Jupiter's crust is primarily composed of rock and ice, with a mantle of liquid metallic hydrogen beneath it. However, the exact composition and structure of Jupiter's crust are not definitively known, as it is hidden beneath the planet's thick atmosphere.

Many multinational companies such as Coca-Cola, Nestle, and Procter & Gamble utilize a geocentric approach in their global business operations. These companies believe in leveraging global talent and resources regardless of nationality, aiming for a more integrated and cohesive international strategy.

El Niño occurs when ocean temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean become warmer than usual, leading to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. This can result in increased precipitation in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin, including countries like Peru and parts of North America.

Apart from accidentals that fall or are washed into caves, and rarely survive for long there, there are two categories.

1) Creatures like bats who roost, hibernate or nurse their young in caves but feed outside. Others find cave entrance areas pleasant shelter for safety or for habitat reasons.

2) Full cave-dwellers, living their entire lives underground, and generally unable to survive outside. Most are invertebrates but it includes some species of salamander and fish.

Venus has an apparent magnitude of around -4.4, meaning it would be 4.83 magnitudes fainter from a distance of 1 parsec away. Using the magnitude distance formula (brightness ratio = 2.512^(m1-m2)), Venus would appear approximately 122 times fainter from 1 parsec.