Pathology

Pathogenic bacteria are those which cause disease. You can identify a link between a bacterium and a disease by isolating the bacterium in a statistically significant number of occurances of the disease. Proving the link is causative is more difficult, but could be done with a cohort study or in vivo experimentation. Probably the most well documented case in recent years is the proving of Helicobacter pylori as a causative agent of stomach ulcers.

The sodium-potassium pump, also known as the sodium-potassium ATPase, uses the most ATP during active transport. This pump hydrolyzes one molecule of ATP to move three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell, against their respective concentration gradients.

When a sample is aspirated into the flame in atomic absorption spectroscopy, the solvent evaporates, leaving the atoms in the sample in a gaseous state. These atoms are then heated in the flame, causing them to reach an excited state. As they return to their ground state, they emit light at characteristic wavelengths that are detected by the instrument to determine the concentration of the element in the sample.

The phrase 'no adnexal pathology seen' means that the pathologist looked through the tissues surrounding the abnormal area but didn't see anything odd or unusual. "Adnexal" means "surrounding or supporting tissues".

No, radioactive tracers are often specific to certain organs or tissues within the body. Different tracers are used to detect pathology in different body systems based on their biological properties and distribution in the body. It is important to select the appropriate tracer for the specific pathology being investigated.

To really understand this process, consider the idea that nucleic acid combinations are like keys, and diagnoses are like locks. When you arrange the different acids (A, C, T, U), you are essentially creating a new key. This tells the body that THAT key will fit in THIS lock, meaning that the diagnosis will then fit the conditions of the lock. The sequences match up to the conditions of the diagnosis.

The protection of natural habitats and wildlife is called conservation. Conservation efforts aim to preserve ecosystems, species, and biodiversity to ensure their continued survival for future generations.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by defects in collagen synthesis and structure. This results in hypermobility of joints, skin elasticity, and tissue fragility. It is typically caused by mutations in genes involved in collagen production.

Serial dilution in Widal test helps to determine the titer of antibodies in the patient's serum by observing the agglutination reaction with specific antigens. By diluting the serum sample in a stepwise manner, the titer at which agglutination occurs can be determined, providing valuable information about the presence and concentration of antibodies against Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi antigens in the blood.

the virus is transmitted to humans by mosquitos

A blood serum enzyme test can diagnose myopathy by measuring the levels of enzymes that leak into the bloodstream when muscle cells are damaged. Elevated levels of enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK) can indicate muscle damage, which is common in myopathy. By analyzing these enzyme levels, healthcare providers can assess the severity of muscle damage and monitor response to treatment.

It is the belief that the self, is a correct state of being. When a self moves past this stage, into "self actualization" it realizes "we have a problem Houston!" And that whole self, sees its dilemna, no longer able to hide from it due to "fragmentation avoidance."

Normalcy is the collected level agreed on by societal member, as to how much fragmentation of self, is acceptable, in order to avoid the truth, that the self actualized self can see. We call this "society."

Also, when a self, fragments beyond the level most people can hide from the truth with, we call that "a state of disorder, or illness." And those who are normal, pity the mentally ill, hoping one day they can return to the normal state of fragmentation.

To the self actualized, this is quite hypocritical, if they are advanced enough in their path. To the transcended (beyond self) they believe those mentally ill selves realize that their is a problem, because they are not accepted by the fragmentation norm (society) and believe those ill people are more open to the truth, than the self righteous. Which is why you find a man (yes, a man) like Jesus commiserating with "sinners" (ill people) while chastising the norm (accepted avoidant fragmentors)

Spermatheca is not involved in the reproduction of fungi.

Spores are typically formed when an organism is enduring stressful conditions. If you wait until the culture is old then it is likely that some of the organisms will be experiencing stressful conditions such as lack of nutrients. It helps if you remember why the organism forms spores at all! The organism is protecting itself against harsh conditions, the spore will not germinate until conditions favour growth.

A count of 90 for liver enzymes may be considered high, depending on the specific enzyme being measured. Elevated liver enzyme levels can indicate liver damage or disease, and further evaluation by a doctor is recommended to determine the cause and develop a treatment plan.

Yes, the build-up of lactic acid from anaerobic metabolism causes the 'burn' in muscle groups because the lactic acid has a relatively low pH that irritates the local nerve endings which is then interpreted as pain.

Microbes cause many illnesses such as:

the flu, cough, athletes foot, acne, bad breath, malaria, bacterial infections and a lot of other diseases.

Even though some can be harmful, many microbes are essential to life on earth.

"No focal pathology" means that no specific abnormality or disease process is seen in a particular area being examined, such as in an imaging study or physical examination. It suggests that there are no localized issues or abnormalities present in that particular region.

Microscopy of wet film material other than blood. I think this code is used for a Group B Streptococci test swab (vaginal swab usually done late in pregnancy), but it is probably also used for other tests

Yes, this may be a cause of permanent and severe brain damage. Hypoperfusion means there is an insufficient amount of blood flowing to those parts of the brain. The frontal lobe has neurons that function to regulate emotion and integrate multiple sources of information. The temporal lobes are involved in speech, movement, language and artistic expression.

There are three levels of surgical pathology in CPT (Current Procedural Terminology): Level I (simple examination), Level II (intermediate examination), and Level III (complex examination). Each level corresponds to the complexity of the pathology services provided by the pathologist.

Well there are antibacterial agents such as antibacterial soap and antibacterial sanitizer. Though, sanitizer seems to be better at killing bacteria because of the amount of alcohol it contains. So you could say alcohol or alcohol rich ingredients are one of the better bacteria killers.

An MSc in Pathology program typically lasts for 1-2 years depending on the university and country. The program involves coursework, research, and practical training in various aspects of pathology.

Plantar fasciitis affects the bottom of the foot, specifically the plantar fascia tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot from the heel to the toes. This condition causes pain and inflammation in this area, particularly near the heel.

Osseous pathology refers to the study and diagnosis of diseases and abnormalities affecting bones. This can include conditions such as fractures, infections, tumors, and metabolic disorders that impact the structure and function of bones in the body. Osseous pathology plays a crucial role in understanding and treating bone-related health issues.