Persian Empire

Since the Byzantines and Sassanian Persians considered each other the only real civilizations in the region, they fought each other numerous times in the early 600s C.E. over control of what is today East Turkey and Iraq. These were intense religious wars (Christian vs. Zoroastrian) and greatly weakened both empires at just the wrong time, leading to a very porous southern defense and miscalculation of the Islamic Armies. Because of this, the Muslims were able to completely destroy Sassanid Persia and conquer over two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire.

I am not sure but i think its Cyrus the great or in Persian kouroshe bosorg

because the eastern side of rome was really busy fighting persia it didn't help the western side as much

From Libya to the Middle East and to Central Asia.

No he is not, he died two and a half thousand years ago. Darius I was king of the Persian Empire.

Between 166 and 266 AD the Roman Empire was hit by two separate plagues, each one nearly as deadly as the more famous Black Death of the Middle Ages.

The first one, known as the Antonine Plague lasted eighteen years and killed millions of people all over the empire. It may have even killed the famous Marcus Aurelius, the philosopher and soldier, last of the Good Emperors.

The second Plague broke out in 251 AD and raged for fifteen years right in the middle of the dreadful 3rd Century Crisis which it may well have started or at least deepened.

It is believed that the two diseases were Smallpox and Measles, both virulent killers though which order they came in is not known.

This carnage may have unbalanced Classical Civilization: physically by removing taxpayers, workers and recruits necessary to maintain the Roman Social Order and it's army at their accustomed level; and psychologically by showing the helplessness of its rulers and religions in the face of catastrophe. This might well have caused millions of bereaved survivors to turn away from Paganism to Christianity and similar other-worldly religions and philosophies.

Their effects lasted for centuries and the population of the Mediterranean World fell for about 800 years before recovery began.

By killing more Romans than Barbarians and Civil Wars combined, by an order of magnitude, these catastrophes may have been the trigger for the fall of Rome and the eclipse of Classical Civilization.

Given what we know of the ravages of Smallpox on the Indian inhabitants of the Americas after 1492, where death rates are estimated at 80-90% of effected populations, this seems all too likely; although it seems the Roman death-rate was more in the vicinity of 33-50%.

No culture, especially one with such a low level of technology--it is not widely appreciated how primitive Classical technology was, even in comparison to the Middle Ages--could hope to survive a disaster of this magnitude.

The clincher was an outbreak of Bubonic Plague, the Plague of Justinian starting 541 AD, which ravaged the Mediterranean World about half a century after the Fall of Rome. This paved the way for the Rise of Islam and by dividing the Mediterranean World permanently between two hostile religions, ensured that nothing like the Roman Empire could never exist again.

180,000 Persians won. This took place in the battle of Thermopylae. Leonidas and his army of 6,000 to 7,000 Spartans but were delayed by the Persians when a Greek traitor showed the Persians how to attack from both sides. Leonidas commanded all of his soldiers to escape except for 300 Spartans.

By the end of the 6th Century BCE it stretched from Libya to Central Asia.

Athens led the Delian League coalition which it led in the last phase o the war against the Persian Empire into an empire of its own, continuing to enforce collection of the war contributions after the war was over, and spending the money on itself.

When Athens fell out with other city-states led by Sparta resulting in the Peloponnesian War, Persia bankrolled the fleet of the Spartan alliance which defeated Athens.

Who really benefited - the Greek world was devastated by the endless wars.

Among the many causes of the fall of the Roman Empire was wars with Persians, which cost the empire much of its strength. But I believe there were other causes that were more important, including civil wars and invasions of migrating Germanic peoples.

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Macedonians were Greeks themselves and were ruled by the Homeric style kingdom that many of the Greek city-states had dropped over the past few hundred years. Whilst Philip II innovated the Greek phalanx and built a professional army, Macedonia itself was Greek in language, art. culture, toponyms, onomastics, calendar, mythology, customs, civilization and much more.

The main weapon used by the Persians in 490 BC was the bow and arrow. Arrows were accurate weapons, however, they could not penetrate heavy armor or battle shields. They could, however, inflict bad wounds on unprotected parts of a soldiers body.

The Persian Empire was an absolute monarchy. It was divided into 20 provinces (satrapies) each with a governor responsible to the king and his council for local and external security and tax collection. The tribal, city and petty kingdoms in the provinces continued to rule themselves according to their traditional ways.

Xerxes when he is referenced by the Greeks. In the Bible his name begins with an A.

There are several different empires this question might be referring to.

There was the Delian League, which in the time of 454 to 404 BC came to be so tightly controlled by Athens that it has been called the Athenian Empire. It was not actually an empire, and was defeated in 404 BC by the Spartans.

The empire of Alexander the Great which is called the Macedonian Empire, broke apart when he died in 323 BC. There were a number of people who expected it to hold together, but it did not.

Two large parts of the Macedonian Empire were the Kingdom of Egypt and the Seleucid Empire. The Seleucid Empire gradually lost one territory after another over a period of nearly 260 years when it was taken over by Romans in 63 BC.

The Kingdom of Egypt lasted until it too was taken over by the Romans in 31 BC.

Another possibility for the Greek Empire was the East Roman Empire, which was the Roman Empire in the Middle Ages. It is now called the Byzantine Empire, though it was not called that until long after the Middle Ages ended. It fell to the Ottoman Turks when they took Constantinople in 1453.

Alexander the Great lived in the HELLENISTIC AGE.

He was ambitious, ruthless and successful.

He appointed Persian provincial governors to act on external defence and internal control of their province. They used indigenous local governments to do the detailed running of their own sector of the province.

He and his council oversaw the governors.

Athens used the power of its empire to intervene in the affairs of the southern Greek cities in the Peloponnesian Peninsula and their colonies. These incursions were principally in Corcyra and Potidaea and finally its trade rival Megara which Athens set out to bankrupt. The Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta, of which Megara was a member, demanded that Athens cease this; Athens refused and war broke out.

they traded silk, gold, slaves , silver and socks